Factors Affecting Student Learning Experience: The Case of Arabic Calligraphy and Morphology Subjects in MSU KFCIAAS During Online Modality

During the pandemic, educational institutions worldwide were forced to shift to online modalities for safety reasons, affecting not only English subjects but also Arabic subjects. This shift posed challenges for Arabic subjects, as the standard online learning infrastructure often did not adequately support these specialized courses. Students found it more difficult to adjust compared to traditional face-to-face classes. Hence, this study aims to investigate the factors influencing students’ learning experiences in Arabic subjects during online modality using Structural Equation Modelling. Key elements were identified as influential on students’ learning outcomes on these subjects, such as self-regulation, technology literacy and competency, technological sufficiency, technology complexity, and learning resources. On the other hand, the study explores the factors contributing to students’ successful completion of Arabic Calligraphy and Morphology subjects during online learning such as imitating, consolidation, deep mastery, tamrin, and ijazah. The study was conducted on a sample size of 100 students who were enrolled in Arabic Calligraphy and Arabic Morphology subjects during the online modality. The instrument comprised 52 questions designed to collect data on the factors affecting students’ learning experiences during the online modality. The findings shed light on the implications of teaching and learning Arabic subjects within online education.