Supply Chain Optimization for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables: Barriers and Solutions

The fruits and vegetables (F&V) supply chain is beset by enormous challenges, especially in India, with post-harvest losses ranging from 30–40% and cold chain infrastructure inefficiencies, fragmented networks, and technology gaps that limit export opportunities and domestic food security. This research highlights major issues like lack of proper storage, transportation bottlenecks, farmer unawareness, and irregular quality standards as major contributors to wastage and economic loss. In response to these challenges, optimization practices such as cold chain logistics, Just-in-Time (JIT) inventory systems, IoT-based monitoring, and circular economy strategies are suggested. Also, cooperative supply chain structures, R&D investments, and consumer education are prioritized to make the system more transparent, sustainable, and resilient. Through the incorporation of demand forecasting, sophisticated inventory management, and public-private partnerships, this study emphasizes implementable solutions in mitigating PHL, enhancing supply chain effectiveness, and aligning India's F&V sector with international standards of quality.