Knockdown of LC3 increases mitochondria-to-micronucleus transition

Nuclear-localized mitochondria were discovered over sixty years ago 1 ; however, the function of these organelles in the initiation of nuclear formation and development remains unknown. Here, we showed that mitochondria fragmented into dense particles to initiate and develop a nucleus, and multiple nuclei were separately and simultaneously formed by fragmented mitochondria in a single cell. The combination of nuclei individually constructed by the mitochondrial assembly of dense particles for nuclear transition partitioned the cytoplasm to form an intranuclear inclusion (INC), whose formation was not related to herniation or invagination of the cytoplasm. During nuclear conversion of itself and neighbouring organelles, the mitochondrion was incorporated into the nucleus to become a nuclear mitochondrion. Knockdown of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), a key autophagic protein, increased free micronuclei by delaying nuclear fusion and enhancing the mitochondria-to-micronuclei transition.