SHARPIN enhances ferroptosis in synovial sarcoma cells via NF-κB- and PRMT5-mediated PGC1α reduction

Sarcoma is a rare type of cancer for which new therapeutic agents are required. Ferroptosis is a nonapoptotic cell death triggered by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation. We found that transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC), an iron uptake protein, was expressed at higher levels in sarcoma cell lines than in noncancer and carcinoma cell lines. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) protects cells against ferroptosis, and its inhibition using RAS-selective lethal 3 (RSL3) had an antitumor effect that was more pronounced in sarcoma cell lines, particularly synovial sarcoma cells, than in non-sarcoma cells. Because NF-κB can provoke ferroptosis, we examined the role of SHARPIN, an activator of NF-κB, in sarcoma. We found that SHARPIN expression is significantly associated with reduced survival in cohorts of patients with cancer, including sarcoma. In addition, SHARPIN promotes the sensitivity of sarcoma cells to ferroptosis. Further analyses revealed that the PGC1α/NRF2/SLC7A11 axis and BNIP3L/NIX-mediated mitophagy are regulated through NF-κB and PRMT5 downstream of SHARPIN. Our findings suggest that ferroptosis could have a therapeutic effect in sarcoma, particularly in subpopulations with high TFRC and SHARPIN expression.