Oscillatory Dynamics in Paclitaxel-Proteinoid Networks

Oscillatory Dynamics in Paclitaxel-Proteinoid Networks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Oscillatory Dynamics in Paclitaxel-Proteinoid Networks Panagiotis Mougkogiannis, Andrew Adamatzky This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7684054/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Paclitaxel is a common chemotherapy drug that targets microtubules. Most research has focused on itspharmacological effects. Yet, its electrochemical properties have received less attention. This study looksat the electrical oscillations and electrochemical behavior of paclitaxel. It does this when paclitaxel entersproteinoid microspheres. These microspheres mimic the conditions found in living cells. We used four methodsto study pure paclitaxel, proteinoid–paclitaxel mixtures, and related proteinoid systems: scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and square wavevoltammetry (SWV). Our results show that adding paclitaxel changes proteinoid shape. It creates connectedfibrous networks and boosts electrical conductivity by 100 times compared to pure paclitaxel. The proteinoid–paclitaxel mixture shows diffusion-controlled redox processes. It has a diffusion coefficient of 1.73 × 10−4 cm2/s.The mixture also exhibits stable oscillatory behavior for long periods. Plus, it maintains a high signal coherenceof 0.975. SWV analysis reveals that the mixture’s redox peak around −0.6 V is broader and significantly tallerthan that of pure paclitaxel, reflecting enhanced electron transfer dynamics. Comparative analysis shows thatL-Glu:L-Phe proteinoid has the highest dynamic response, with 228 oscillation peaks and brown noise features.In contrast, the L-Glu:L-Phe mixture exhibits the most chaotic behavior, marked by a Lyapunov exponentof λ = 0.1619. This chaotic behavior and the mixture’s high conductivity suggest that proteinoid-paclitaxelsystems could mimic the MHz signal bursts caused by microtubules. This has been observed in patients underanesthesia. These findings suggest that proteinoid–paclitaxel systems might be new tools. They can help usstudy microtubule dynamics, create drug delivery systems, and explore bioelectrical phenomena in syntheticbiology.These systems could act as models to study bioelectrical phenomena linked to consciousness. Theyconnect synthetic biology with the brain’s neural correlates of consciousness. paclitaxel proteinoids microtubules electrical oscillations cyclic voltammetry electrochemical impedance spectroscopy biomimetic systems Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 25 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 10 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 30 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 24 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 24 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 22 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7684054","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":539028963,"identity":"d4e3fcbd-ef4d-4a9e-9545-1129b6e4b499","order_by":0,"name":"Panagiotis Mougkogiannis","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"University of the West of England","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Panagiotis","middleName":"","lastName":"Mougkogiannis","suffix":""},{"id":539028964,"identity":"61665169-c607-42aa-8e98-92240828f7b1","order_by":1,"name":"Andrew Adamatzky","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of the West of England","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Andrew","middleName":"","lastName":"Adamatzky","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-09-22 23:53:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7684054/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7684054/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":95573091,"identity":"0f5e4b47-fcde-4d5c-ba8d-9657049afde4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 17:22:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12296065,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscriptpdf.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7684054/v1/12e5253ded774beffe95dec0.pdf"},{"id":95573090,"identity":"3d3d26f8-c07c-4f64-81a4-7c60bad7c2b9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-10 17:22:53","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4954,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"484ddf71025449e984c74ae204534f72.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7684054/v1/05bbcee842d9154e72d8cd65.json"},{"id":95656571,"identity":"3293d844-96d0-446b-84fd-a9de149de22c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-11-11 16:19:05","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3119100,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscriptpdf.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7684054/v1_covered_c501cfb9-b0f6-4654-9949-ed6df6f1b1dc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Oscillatory Dynamics in Paclitaxel-Proteinoid Networks","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-molecules","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Molecules](https://link.springer.com/journal/44345)","snPcode":"44345","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44345/3","title":"Discover Molecules","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"paclitaxel, proteinoids, microtubules, electrical oscillations, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, biomimetic systems","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7684054/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7684054/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Paclitaxel is a common chemotherapy drug that targets microtubules. 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