Research on Dynamic Urine Volume Detection System Based on Smart Flexible Textile Sensors

Research on Dynamic Urine Volume Detection System Based on Smart Flexible Textile Sensors | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Research on Dynamic Urine Volume Detection System Based on Smart Flexible Textile Sensors Fan * Xiong, Yunfei Li, Chuanle Xie, Zheng Wang, Jinli Zhou, Hongying Yang, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4261885/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Urinary leakage volume is a crucial indicator reflecting the condition of patients with urinary incontinence. Currently, there are limited smart diapers capable of continuous dynamic detection of urinary volume. This study developed two types of urinary volume sensors based on resistance and capacitance, integrating them with traditional diapers for evaluating the severity of urinary leakage: mild leakage: 0-5mL; moderate leakage: 6-12mL; severe leakage: above 12mL. Three patterns of resistance-based urinary volume sensors were designed. The results showed that Pattern A could accurately determine the level of urinary volume. Additionally, three electrode distances of capacitance-based urinary volume sensors were designed. The results demonstrated that the sensor with a 1cm electrode spacing could detect the urinary volume range, indicating 1mL per drop with a capacitance increase of approximately 1.5-1.8pF. The error per drop was around ± 0.5mL. This study validated the feasibility of smart flexible textile sensors in urinary volume detection, providing a potential solution for better assessing and managing the condition of patients with urinary incontinence. Health sciences/Diseases/Urogenital diseases/Urinary incontinence Health sciences/Diseases/Urogenital diseases Wearable Textiles Urinary Incontinence Urinary Volume Monitoring Resistance Method Capacitance Method Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 28 Sep, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 16 May, 2024 Reviews received at journal 15 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 May, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 28 Apr, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 28 Apr, 2024 Editor invited by journal 17 Apr, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 17 Apr, 2024 First submitted to journal 13 Apr, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4261885","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":293521095,"identity":"dc8e422c-e30b-4787-9db7-17052be13562","order_by":0,"name":"Fan * Xiong","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAtklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfvbm4x8+QNgGxGmR7DmWxjiDgUGCeC0GM3LMmHlI08JzwOyxzZ/DdQzszdskGGruENZizt6QbpzDc1iCgedYmQTDsWeEtVj2HDggnSMB1CKRYybB2HCYCIfdSGyQtjAAapF/Q7SWZDZphgSQLTxEagEGMrNhz4F0yTaetGKLhGNEaOFn7//44Mcfa35+9sMbb3yoIUILHLCBiAQSNIyCUTAKRsEowAMAFCo1saSu+k8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fan","middleName":"*","lastName":"Xiong","suffix":""},{"id":293521096,"identity":"3a688ad7-643e-4d24-a70b-ea52d2274abd","order_by":1,"name":"Yunfei Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yunfei","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":293521097,"identity":"c387e893-63aa-4745-8240-5a7767f0e188","order_by":2,"name":"Chuanle Xie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chuanle","middleName":"","lastName":"Xie","suffix":""},{"id":293521098,"identity":"01338fbc-8748-48c4-a1ac-d70379777d42","order_by":3,"name":"Zheng Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":293521099,"identity":"a8094e57-d0d1-44e1-81ed-4aafb134a17a","order_by":4,"name":"Jinli Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jinli","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":293521100,"identity":"a0091292-bb6f-4a64-9aa0-45797d0cb435","order_by":5,"name":"Hongying Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongying","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":293521101,"identity":"eb924e71-8657-45f6-b91f-61adfd1b29fd","order_by":6,"name":"Mengzhao Fan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mengzhao","middleName":"","lastName":"Fan","suffix":""},{"id":293521102,"identity":"524cad5d-d022-46c9-89e0-c1d8a9b48f3b","order_by":7,"name":"Chaoran Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chaoran","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":293521103,"identity":"6b63d90f-567d-4e9c-a6f5-81d8ee60ff5e","order_by":8,"name":"Junjie Zheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Junjie","middleName":"","lastName":"Zheng","suffix":""},{"id":293521104,"identity":"64fb6907-1309-433b-819c-b457956a22ed","order_by":9,"name":"Chenxiao Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chenxiao","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":293521105,"identity":"f5066960-db2a-4da3-ab80-7d088ff76531","order_by":10,"name":"Cheng Guo","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zhongyuan University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Guo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-13 13:14:22","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4261885/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4261885/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73179-0","type":"published","date":"2024-09-28T15:57:51+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":65628089,"identity":"87fae30a-215d-4386-91f6-dffd10f22515","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-30 16:17:58","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":922564,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptFi.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4261885/v1_covered_37c36b80-6580-43a9-82e1-0d3a6c72835f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Research on Dynamic Urine Volume Detection System Based on Smart Flexible Textile Sensors","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Wearable Textiles, Urinary Incontinence, Urinary Volume Monitoring, Resistance Method, Capacitance Method","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4261885/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4261885/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eUrinary leakage volume is a crucial indicator reflecting the condition of patients with urinary incontinence. Currently, there are limited smart diapers capable of continuous dynamic detection of urinary volume. This study developed two types of urinary volume sensors based on resistance and capacitance, integrating them with traditional diapers for evaluating the severity of urinary leakage: mild leakage: 0-5mL; moderate leakage: 6-12mL; severe leakage: above 12mL. Three patterns of resistance-based urinary volume sensors were designed. The results showed that Pattern A could accurately determine the level of urinary volume. Additionally, three electrode distances of capacitance-based urinary volume sensors were designed. The results demonstrated that the sensor with a 1cm electrode spacing could detect the urinary volume range, indicating 1mL per drop with a capacitance increase of approximately 1.5-1.8pF. The error per drop was around \u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5mL. This study validated the feasibility of smart flexible textile sensors in urinary volume detection, providing a potential solution for better assessing and managing the condition of patients with urinary incontinence.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Research on Dynamic Urine Volume Detection System Based on Smart Flexible Textile Sensors","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-22 02:25:06","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4261885/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-16T15:36:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-15T14:23:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"abd762fd-96b6-49a0-8573-811180146454","date":"2024-05-03T14:19:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"e62a8ba1-de28-414e-bdd5-a0e5cdc79c0e","date":"2024-05-01T05:33:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-04-28T13:58:48+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-04-28T13:40:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-04-17T06:02:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-04-17T05:55:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-04-13T13:01:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3adb8a46-ae6c-4c84-a6e7-2a410de17a8f","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 22nd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":30936387,"name":"Health sciences/Diseases/Urogenital diseases/Urinary incontinence"},{"id":30936388,"name":"Health sciences/Diseases/Urogenital diseases"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-09-30T16:11:05+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4261885","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73179-0","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2024-09-28 15:57:51","publishedOnDateReadable":"September 28th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-22 02:25:06","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-024-73179-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-73179-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4261885","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4261885","identity":"rs-4261885","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}