Photo-electrochemical Characterization of New Lead-free Ferroelectric Ba0.975Ho0.017(Zr0.2Ti0.75)Sn0.05O3) Ceramic. Application to Bezacryl Oxidation Under Solar Light

Photo-electrochemical Characterization of New Lead-free Ferroelectric Ba0.975Ho0.017(Zr0.2Ti0.75)Sn0.05O3) Ceramic. Application to Bezacryl Oxidation Under Solar Light | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Original Research Photo-electrochemical Characterization of New Lead-free Ferroelectric Ba0.975Ho0.017(Zr0.2Ti0.75)Sn0.05O3) Ceramic. Application to Bezacryl Oxidation Under Solar Light S. Smail, Gharib Rekhila, K. Taïbi, A. Lahmar, M. Trari This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-203322/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Ba0.975Ho0.017(Zr0.20Ti0.75)Sn0.05O3 (abbreviated BHZ20TS) was elaborated by solid-state reaction at high temperature. The X-ray diffraction pattern, refined by the Rietveld method, indicated that the ceramic has a perovskite structure with a cubic symmetry. The Scanning electron microscopy revealed a high density and low porosity with reduced particle sizes upon substitution ofBa2+ by the rare earth ion Ho3+. The dielectric study as a function of temperature (-150 – 200 °C) and frequency (102 - 106 Hz) showed relaxor ferroelectric behavior. The modified Curie-Weiss law allowed us to evaluate the diffuse phase transition parameters. BHZ20TS obeys the empirical Vogel–Fulcher relation which confirms the relaxor behavior of this composition. With an optical band gap of 2.56 eV, BHZ20TS is attractive for photocatalytic applications. The capacitance-potential (C-2 - E) characteristic plotted in Na2SO4 (0.1 M) indicates n type behavior with a flat band potential (Efb) of -0.60 VSCE and electronic density (NA) of 2.2×1016cm-3. The semicircle in the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measured in the range (10-3 – 105 Hz) is ascribed to the bulk material BHZ20TS (80 kW cm2) with a constant phase element (CPE) and a depletion angle of -5°. As application, the oxide was tested with success for the photooxidation under solar light of Bezacryl (BEZ), a hazardous dye. The energy band diagram shows an electron transfer from the conduction band of BHZ20TS to dissolved oxygen, generating O2· and OH·- radicals, responsible of the BEZ mineralization whose disappearance was followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. An abatement of 60% is obtained in BEZ solution (10 mg L-1) within 100 min under a solar irradiance of 97 mWcm-2; the mineralization obeys a first order kinetic model with a half photocatalytic life of 57 min. Electronic Materials and Devices Scientific Communication relaxor Ba0.975Ho0.017(Zr0.20Ti0.75)Sn0.05O3 Dielectric Photocatalysis Bezacryl Solar light Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Full Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the latest manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Tables Table 1 Lattice parameters and refinement reliability factors of BHTZ20S ceramics a (Å) V(Å 3 ) R B (%) R F (%) R wp (%) χ 2 BHTZ20S 4.0861 68.22 6.80 4.09 17.8 5.04 a BaTiO 3 (Cubic) a 4.0119 64.5700 - - - - a PDF card 75-0461, JCPDS Table 2 Refined atomic positions and isotropic shift parameters Compositions Ions x y z B iso Occupancy BHZ20TS Ba 2+ /Ho 3+ 0 0 0 1.075(2) 0.9753/0.01644 Ti 4+ / Zr 4+ / Sn 4+ 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.785(3) 0.752/0.198/0.05 O 2- 0.5 0.5 0 2.761(5) 3 Table 3 Ferroelectric characteristic parameters relating to the compositionBHZ20TS Composition ε’ rmax Δε’ max /ε’ maxx Tanδ max T o (K) T m (K) T dev (K) ΔT m C×10 5 g BHTZ20S 4853 0.114 0.03 213 182 306 124 1.85 1.62 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-203322","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Original Research","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":10239860,"identity":"77362109-273c-4025-8a40-172bd83a6479","order_by":0,"name":"S. Smail","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"USTHB: Universite des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"S.","middleName":"","lastName":"Smail","suffix":""},{"id":10239861,"identity":"48194037-f08a-43d6-896d-900b64008e2c","order_by":1,"name":"Gharib Rekhila","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACNjaGhAIGBgMg8zBDBZBkZm4gQosBTMsZkBZGIrQwQLUwM7aBRAhoMW9vS3vwwMDObjv72YeHC+fVRvO3A7X8qNiGU4vMmWPHDRIMkpN39qQbHJ657XjujMOMDYw9Z27j1CIhkd4mkWDAnGxwII3hMO+2Y7kNQC1AF+LRIv8cpKU+2eD8M6CWOcdy5xPUIsF2DKjlsJ3BDZAtDTW5Gwhq4UlLA2o5nmBwA2jLjGMHcjcCtRzE6xf2Y2aSPyqq7Q3OpzF/Lqipy513/vDBBz8qcGuBgcQGCH0YTB4gqB4I7KF0HTGKR8EoGAWjYIQBAFVOXG3odM8+AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2257-0162","institution":"Laboratory of Storage and Valorization of Renewable Energies","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gharib","middleName":"","lastName":"Rekhila","suffix":""},{"id":10239862,"identity":"df88f492-85e8-4936-9db1-0085ade6c9c0","order_by":2,"name":"K. Taïbi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"USTHB: Universite des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"K.","middleName":"","lastName":"Taïbi","suffix":""},{"id":10239863,"identity":"9f8c45bc-4ddc-4003-9b8f-b45e323db004","order_by":3,"name":"A. Lahmar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"LPMC: Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"A.","middleName":"","lastName":"Lahmar","suffix":""},{"id":10239864,"identity":"09ba3b68-8674-4479-9d19-22e12560436a","order_by":4,"name":"M. Trari","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"USTHB: Universite des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"M.","middleName":"","lastName":"Trari","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-02-04 00:06:55","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-203322/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-203322/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":6058751,"identity":"57e8264c-4f64-4d32-bb38-8a0a7bb2916f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:24:47","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":433791,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The SEM image for the ceramic BHZ20TS","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/74a92bdfbfd1a2dc91690712.png"},{"id":6058452,"identity":"ad225f79-9bff-400f-a0dd-58230125649c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:21:47","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":15323,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Rietveld profile refinement of the X-ray diffraction\ndata for the ceramic BHZ20TS\n","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/7c658a95e36fc79d07139f89.png"},{"id":6058088,"identity":"c916a774-b076-4829-8bb8-4eb159dddc62","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:18:47","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":26925,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Temperature dependence of the dielectric constant \nand tangent loss BHTZ20S compositions\n\n","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/7986ea0c07f98b2031357fd2.png"},{"id":6058450,"identity":"e8408ba9-e75a-4e95-a2b6-cebef3f806d9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:21:47","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":11381,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Thermal evolution of the inverse of the permittivity\nfor BHZ20TS compositions\n","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/5267172c0db769db67e74abc.png"},{"id":6058451,"identity":"dd24a3ba-4586-4521-9a86-1fd9dce84412","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:21:47","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":13861,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Plots of ln (1/εr-1/εm) versus ln (T-Tm) at 1 kHz for BHZ20TS","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/62c898d0ff3d6a091e69f33e.png"},{"id":6058094,"identity":"d6591cde-1036-4577-b9d7-5ba9ec2c5f6d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:18:47","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":10788,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Plots of log(f) as a function of Tm for the ceramic BHZ20TS \n(Symbols = experimental data; Solid curve: fitting to the Vogel–Fülcher relation)\n","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/2ddb5d647d101ebc37edfc48.png"},{"id":6058453,"identity":"2664849d-cdc2-4f2d-8703-3be5c2e9a454","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:21:47","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":13052,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The indirect (αhν)1/2 optical transitions of BHZ20TS","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/634b0cc049b2ad9839885557.png"},{"id":6058455,"identity":"c19e3ddc-3102-4d57-aad2-d92910cb0cc0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:21:47","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":10880,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The thermo power of BHZ20TS","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/bf2932865143f3bc93a5a12c.png"},{"id":6058092,"identity":"4870a301-32ae-43d1-a6fd-a2ad8fde3c75","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:18:47","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":16314,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The J(E) characteristic of BHZ20TS plotted in the dark\nInset: The Polarization curves in Na2SO4 (0.1 M) electrolyte\n\n","description":"","filename":"9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/a74add02fafb615e0388e3d5.png"},{"id":6058084,"identity":"410baef9-b09b-4483-89f3-202bee94cb90","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:18:47","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":14512,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The Mott-Schottky plot of BHZ20TS","description":"","filename":"10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/e4c338a696c7d3fc9d89e689.png"},{"id":6058750,"identity":"6250259f-f27a-40af-9a69-20b705417f14","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:24:47","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":23942,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Complex impedance plots in Na2SO4 (0.1 M) solution.\nInset: the equivalent electrical circuit\n","description":"","filename":"11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/145e2a69d77d667fc69b653c.png"},{"id":6058085,"identity":"c9de2f01-f50d-4ef1-b61a-85ddc510cbd6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:18:47","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":69876,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The UV–vis spectra of Bez solutions on BHZ20TS over illumination time. \n(b) The kinetic plot ln Co/Ct vs. time\nExperimental conditions: catalyst dose: 0.5 g/L; [Bezacryl] = 10 mg L-1; Vsolution = 100 mL \n\n","description":"","filename":"12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1/db469b2bacafabc17681f29e.png"},{"id":13589369,"identity":"3e62d325-cbe9-48f8-90a4-f9fbcd571dc3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 05:00:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":708362,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscriptnewnew.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":6059259,"identity":"0312544f-a6cf-423a-9534-1cdb09d1fe70","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-02-17 17:27:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":975288,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscriptnewnew.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-203322/v1_stamped.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003ePhoto-electrochemical Characterization of New Lead-free Ferroelectric Ba0.975Ho0.017(Zr0.2Ti0.75)Sn0.05O3) Ceramic. Application to Bezacryl Oxidation Under Solar Light\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the latest manuscript can be downloaded and \u003ca href='/article/rs-203322/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003e accessed as a PDF.\u003c/a\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLattice parameters and refinement reliability factors of BHTZ20S ceramics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ea (\u0026Aring;)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eV(\u0026Aring;\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eR\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eR\u003csub\u003eF\u003c/sub\u003e (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eR\u003csub\u003ewp\u003c/sub\u003e (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026chi;\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBHTZ20S\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.0861\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e68.22\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6.80\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.09\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e17.8\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.04\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003eBaTiO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (Cubic)\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"88\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.0119\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"92\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e64.5700\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"79\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"74\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd colspan=\"7\" width=\"113\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e PDF card 75-0461, JCPDS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRefined atomic positions and isotropic shift parameters\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"103\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompositions\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIons\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ex\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ey\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"81\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ez\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"91\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB\u003csub\u003eiso\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOccupancy\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" width=\"103\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBHZ20TS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBa\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e/Ho\u003csup\u003e3+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"81\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"91\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.075(2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.9753/0.01644\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTi\u003csup\u003e4+\u003c/sup\u003e/ Zr\u003csup\u003e4+\u003c/sup\u003e/ Sn\u003csup\u003e4+\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"81\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"91\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.785(3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.752/0.198/0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"105\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eO\u003csup\u003e2-\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"70\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"80\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"81\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"91\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.761(5)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"123\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFerroelectric characteristic parameters relating to the compositionBHZ20TS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eComposition\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026epsilon;\u0026rsquo;\u003csub\u003ermax\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;\u0026epsilon;\u0026rsquo;\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e/\u0026epsilon;\u0026rsquo;\u003csub\u003emaxx\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTan\u0026delta;\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003eo\u003c/sub\u003e (K)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003em \u003c/sub\u003e(K)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003edev\u003c/sub\u003e(K)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"73\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;T\u003csub\u003em \u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eg\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"106\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBHTZ20S\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"53\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4853\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"95\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.03\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"65\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e213\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"66\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e182\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"72\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e306\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"73\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e124\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"57\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.85\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd width=\"47\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.62\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"relaxor Ba0.975Ho0.017(Zr0.20Ti0.75)Sn0.05O3 , Dielectric , Photocatalysis, Bezacryl , Solar light,","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-203322/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-203322/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Ba0.975Ho0.017(Zr0.20Ti0.75)Sn0.05O3 (abbreviated BHZ20TS) was elaborated by solid-state reaction at high temperature. The X-ray diffraction pattern, refined by the Rietveld method, indicated that the ceramic has a perovskite structure with a cubic symmetry. The Scanning electron microscopy revealed a high density and low porosity with reduced particle sizes upon substitution ofBa2+ by the rare earth ion Ho3+. The dielectric study as a function of temperature (-150 – 200 °C) and frequency (102 - 106 Hz) showed relaxor ferroelectric behavior. The modified Curie-Weiss law allowed us to evaluate the diffuse phase transition parameters. BHZ20TS obeys the empirical Vogel–Fulcher relation which confirms the relaxor behavior of this composition. With an optical band gap of 2.56 eV, BHZ20TS is attractive for photocatalytic applications. The capacitance-potential (C-2 - E) characteristic plotted in Na2SO4 (0.1 M) indicates n type behavior with a flat band potential (Efb) of -0.60 VSCE and electronic density (NA) of 2.2×1016cm-3. The semicircle in the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measured in the range (10-3 – 105 Hz) is ascribed to the bulk material BHZ20TS (80 kW cm2) with a constant phase element (CPE) and a depletion angle of -5°. As application, the oxide was tested with success for the photooxidation under solar light of Bezacryl (BEZ), a hazardous dye. The energy band diagram shows an electron transfer from the conduction band of BHZ20TS to dissolved oxygen, generating O2· and OH·- radicals, responsible of the BEZ mineralization whose disappearance was followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. An abatement of 60% is obtained in BEZ solution (10 mg L-1) within 100 min under a solar irradiance of 97 mWcm-2; the mineralization obeys a first order kinetic model with a half photocatalytic life of 57 min.","manuscriptTitle":"Photo-electrochemical Characterization of New Lead-free Ferroelectric Ba0.975Ho0.017(Zr0.2Ti0.75)Sn0.05O3) Ceramic. Application to Bezacryl Oxidation Under Solar Light","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-02-17 17:18:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-203322/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"843bbb1f-1a85-4244-a4d6-5d73e3dc1de5","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 17th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":2457580,"name":"Electronic Materials and Devices"},{"id":2457581,"name":"Scientific Communication"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-02-17T17:18:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-02-17 17:18:45","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-203322","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-203322","identity":"rs-203322","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}