Comparison Between the Velocity-specific Exercise and Isometric Exercise on Neck Muscle Functions and Performance: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Abstract Background: Evidences showed that the additional benefits of velocity-specific exercise for improving functions of peripheral joint muscles. Its effects for spinal muscles is yet to be investigated. This study aimed to compare the effects of velocity-specific exercise to isometric exercise on cervical muscle functions and performance in healthy adults.Methods: Thirty healthy adults received either a 6-week velocity-specific (VSE, n=15) or isometric exercise program (IE, n=15) of their neck muscles. Cervical muscle functions and performance were assessed pre- and post-program, using isokinetic assessment, electromyography and cross-sectional area assessment of deep neck muscles. A self-reported level of difficulty and post-exercise soreness was also recorded during the program.Results: Both exercises programs showed significant increase in cross-sectional area of longus colli and semispinalis capitis; EMG amplitude in sternocleidomastoid and cervical erector spinae, and flexion and extension torque values, at reassessment, without between-groups difference. However, correlation between extension torque and EMG amplitude of cervical erector spinae increased in both groups and a significant correlation found in VSE group post-program. No significant differences found between groups on the self-reported scales.Conclusions: Both exercises promoted cervical muscle functions and performance significantly with velocity-specific exercise contributes to a greater enhancement of torque production efficiency of superficial neck muscles. This novel exercise may consider as a safe alternative for neck muscle rehabilitation. Further study to examine the effects of velocity-specific exercise in symptomatic individuals to unravel its potential application and benefit for promoting the functional recovery is recommended.