Photon-Number Conserved Universal Quantum Logic Employing Continuous-Time Quantum Walk on Dual-Rail Qubit Arrays

Photon-Number Conserved Universal Quantum Logic Employing Continuous-Time Quantum Walk on Dual-Rail Qubit Arrays | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Photon-Number Conserved Universal Quantum Logic Employing Continuous-Time Quantum Walk on Dual-Rail Qubit Arrays Xiu-Hao Deng, Hao-Yu Guan, Yifei Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5835875/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in npj Quantum Information → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We demonstrate a synergy between dual-rail qubit encoding and continuous-time quantum walks (CTQW) to realize universal quantum logic in superconducting circuits. Utilizing the photon-number-conserving dynamics of CTQW on dual-rail transmons, which systematically transform leakage and relaxation into erasure events, our architecture facilitates the suppression of population leakage and the implementation of high-fidelity quantum gates. We construct single-, two-, and three-qubit operations that preserve dual-rail encoding, facilitated by tunable coupler strengths compatible with current superconducting qubit platforms. Numerical simulations confirm robust behavior against dephasing, relaxation, and imperfections in coupling, underscoring the erasure-friendly nature of the system. This hardware-efficient scheme thus provides a practical pathway to early fault-tolerant quantum computation, laying the groundwork for scalable gate implementations and advanced error-correction strategies. Physical sciences/Physics/Quantum physics/Qubits Physical sciences/Physics/Information theory and computation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in npj Quantum Information → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 25 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 01 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Feb, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 31 Jan, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 30 Jan, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 23 Jan, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Jan, 2025 First submitted to journal 15 Jan, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5835875","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":406414717,"identity":"9063ae3f-c77a-48a5-a178-43a927363656","order_by":0,"name":"Xiu-Hao Deng","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6klEQVRIie3RPQrCMACA0YRAXWpmS0GvECkUhGKv0hJwcvAGCkK27vYWHR1bOnQJ7RrooM46KJ2Ki/FncEp1E8wHCU3II4ECoNP9YqkccOU9F3D12vmAzOSMviP5FwQXUX7sbyufVFW2b7dgiEUAm4WCWLycTWJeh4mgaBxx4FgiQPZGQYiYu+TC6oAIZNiQAWkDA5kqsju5JGSlfFjeu0qy7CbCdPYXlsIkpQaSRF7XQSw+d2HMaBgL6lgRG4xjfljbKoIL7jR9NvVxlR3OLfNGuKBZoyIyY/C2uH8//o4ydO46odPpdH/eDa+uU1OI2eTkAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Southern University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiu-Hao","middleName":"","lastName":"Deng","suffix":""},{"id":406414721,"identity":"afce27e4-dcb7-4a70-a174-f15e10f7740f","order_by":1,"name":"Hao-Yu Guan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southern University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hao-Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Guan","suffix":""},{"id":406414722,"identity":"08505910-3ce9-4d14-bd8a-57bb0067cea6","order_by":2,"name":"Yifei Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lanzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yifei","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-01-15 15:53:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5835875/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5835875/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-01147-1","type":"published","date":"2026-01-17T16:30:45+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100616282,"identity":"acf5d6c8-84f9-4b2c-b0f7-383e2d5e92e3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-19 17:42:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1317637,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Universalquantumgatesbasedoncontinuoustimequantumwalk.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5835875/v1_covered_dc07e885-7101-495b-9c44-1c2e5ff565de.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Photon-Number Conserved Universal Quantum Logic Employing Continuous-Time Quantum Walk on Dual-Rail Qubit Arrays","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"npj-quantum-information","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"npjqi","sideBox":"Learn more about [npj Quantum Information](http://www.nature.com/npjqi/)","snPcode":"41534","submissionUrl":"https://mts-npjqi.nature.com/","title":"npj Quantum Information","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"NPJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5835875/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5835875/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"We demonstrate a synergy between dual-rail qubit encoding and continuous-time quantum walks (CTQW) to realize universal quantum logic in superconducting circuits. 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