Investigation on Cavitating Flow and Energy Performance of Mixed-Flow Pump with Varied Tip Clearances

Investigation on Cavitating Flow and Energy Performance of Mixed-Flow Pump with Varied Tip Clearances | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Investigation on Cavitating Flow and Energy Performance of Mixed-Flow Pump with Varied Tip Clearances Jin-peng Wang, Xing-qi Luo, Jian-jun Feng, Hang Xie, Guo-jun Zhu, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7968598/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The blade tip clearance in a semi-open mixed-flow pump induces tip leakage flow (TLF). The TLF is capable of inducing tip clearance cavitation and perturbing the primary flow field, which leads to the formation of a tip leakage vortex (TLV) and consequently adversely affects the pump performance. The influence of different tip clearances on the cavitation performance in the mixed-flow pump is systematically examined through a combination of numerical simulation and experimentation. The best efficiency point of the pump moves towards the low flow region as the tip clearance increases from 0 mm to 1.7 mm under non-cavitation conditions, with a corresponding reduction in head and efficiency of 35.56% and 22.98%, respectively. When the net positive suction head available (NPSHa) falls below the critical cavitation point, the vapor volume within the impeller passage increases rapidly. Under fully developed cavitation conditions, the vapor volume in the first-stage impeller of the closed pump (MT0) is 1.46 times that of the pump with a 1.7 mm tip clearance (MT1.7), indicating that TLF has a certain inhibitory effect on the development of cavitation bubbles in the impeller. Energy characteristic analysis shows that under non-cavitation conditions, the work capability in the blade leading edge (LE) region of the MT1.7 dropped by 50% compared to the MT0. After the NPSHa drops to a critical point, the work capability of the impeller LE region decreases sharply due to the influence of cavitation bubbles. Moreover, the reduction in the MT0 is 1.6 times that of the MT1.7, indicating that TLF can break up cavitation bubble clusters at the impeller inlet, thereby increasing the effective contact area between the impeller and the liquid, and enhancing pressurization capacity of the impeller. However, TLF can also induce TLV, leading to an increase in entropy production and vorticity within the impeller region, which causes additional energy dissipation and ultimately compromises the impeller's pressurization performance. Mixed flow pump Blade tip clearance Tip leakage flow Cavitation Energy characteristics Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Minor revisions 29 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 05 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 05 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 29 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7968598","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":540182534,"identity":"a12c57d0-6eed-4b5a-aed2-144c31c63b4c","order_by":0,"name":"Jin-peng 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The TLF is capable of inducing tip clearance cavitation and perturbing the primary flow field, which leads to the formation of a tip leakage vortex (TLV) and consequently adversely affects the pump performance. The influence of different tip clearances on the cavitation performance in the mixed-flow pump is systematically examined through a combination of numerical simulation and experimentation. The best efficiency point of the pump moves towards the low flow region as the tip clearance increases from 0 mm to 1.7 mm under non-cavitation conditions, with a corresponding reduction in head and efficiency of 35.56% and 22.98%, respectively. When the net positive suction head available (NPSHa) falls below the critical cavitation point, the vapor volume within the impeller passage increases rapidly. Under fully developed cavitation conditions, the vapor volume in the first-stage impeller of the closed pump (MT0) is 1.46 times that of the pump with a 1.7 mm tip clearance (MT1.7), indicating that TLF has a certain inhibitory effect on the development of cavitation bubbles in the impeller. Energy characteristic analysis shows that under non-cavitation conditions, the work capability in the blade leading edge (LE) region of the MT1.7 dropped by 50% compared to the MT0. After the NPSHa drops to a critical point, the work capability of the impeller LE region decreases sharply due to the influence of cavitation bubbles. Moreover, the reduction in the MT0 is 1.6 times that of the MT1.7, indicating that TLF can break up cavitation bubble clusters at the impeller inlet, thereby increasing the effective contact area between the impeller and the liquid, and enhancing pressurization capacity of the impeller. However, TLF can also induce TLV, leading to an increase in entropy production and vorticity within the impeller region, which causes additional energy dissipation and ultimately compromises the impeller's pressurization performance.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Investigation on Cavitating Flow and Energy Performance of Mixed-Flow Pump with Varied Tip Clearances","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-14 04:06:04","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7968598/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor revisions","date":"2025-11-29T19:20:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2025-11-06T00:54:31+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-05T06:19:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-03T12:01:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","date":"2025-10-30T03:47:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-hydrodynamics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ijhd","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Hydrodynamics](http://link.springer.com/journal/42241)","snPcode":"42241","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ijhd/default2.aspx","title":"Journal of Hydrodynamics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"20542a6c-90e1-4c6f-aafd-c45938b2cacf","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 14th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-26T06:47:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-14 04:06:04","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7968598","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7968598","identity":"rs-7968598","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}