Strength Enhancement and Microstructural Analysis of Silty Sand Mixed With Biopolymer and Eggshell Powder.

Strength Enhancement and Microstructural Analysis of Silty Sand Mixed With Biopolymer and Eggshell Powder. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Strength Enhancement and Microstructural Analysis of Silty Sand Mixed With Biopolymer and Eggshell Powder. Ajanta Kalita, Ajuk Gida This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4761327/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly soil stabilization methods has led to exploring techniques that minimize ecological impact while optimizing engineering properties. Traditional stabilizers like cement and lime, though effective, have significant environmental drawbacks, including high carbon footprint, vegetation disruption, and health risks to workers. This study investigates the efficiency of biopolymer and eggshell powder, as a soil stabilizer, parameters, such as compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), and micro-structural analysis, were assessed. The research evaluates soil samples treated with varying concentrations of biopolymer (1%, 2%, and 3%) and eggshell powder (4%, 6%, and 8%). Results indicated that biopolymer addition slightly decreased the maximum dry density (MDD) and increased the optimum moisture content (OMC), while eggshell powder slightly increased both MDD and OMC. The optimal mix, S+1%XG+6%ESP, enhanced UCS by 131.29% and CBR by 145.48%. Scanning electron microscope revealed that treated soil samples transformed into a hard solid matrix, demonstrating improved stability. EDX analysis revealed the mineralogical composition of the mixes. Overall, the use of biopolymer and eggshell powder not only enhances soil strength but also promotes environmental sustainability. biopolymer eggshell powder sustainability scanning electron microscope. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4761327","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":333048311,"identity":"d6f93d41-df81-43a3-af6f-8ceac5a8299f","order_by":0,"name":"Ajanta Kalita","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCAyDCBogZGyACzMRoOcCQBtFygDgtYF2HkWwkBPgbDz97/KHmfB6/9OHmzx8Y7OQZ2Hnx65Q4cMzc4MCx28WSfYltEgcYkg0bmPkSCDjqgJnEAbbbiRvOMLYBHcacwMDMY4BXh/yB498kDvw7l7j/DGPzhwMM9YS1GBw4YyZxsO1A4gYexgagww4T1mJ44EyZxNm+5MQZQIdJnDE4bthGSIvcjePbJCq+2SX297A//lBRUS3Pz38GvxZgkKG4k4GBDb96IOBvIKhkFIyCUTAKRjoAAEH6SIsTTbLFAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ajanta","middleName":"","lastName":"Kalita","suffix":""},{"id":333048312,"identity":"a308557d-b103-4b58-8698-83a645db0663","order_by":1,"name":"Ajuk Gida","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ajuk","middleName":"","lastName":"Gida","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-18 09:12:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4761327/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4761327/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":71438742,"identity":"d58a8d73-8c0a-43dc-a2c8-df5e3911b0e3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-12-15 11:01:29","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":947292,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"paperR2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4761327/v1_covered_927418c6-72b5-47ec-bc59-562efb43cc3b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eStrength Enhancement and Microstructural Analysis of Silty Sand Mixed With Biopolymer and Eggshell Powder.\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"biopolymer, eggshell powder, sustainability, scanning electron microscope.","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4761327/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4761327/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly soil stabilization methods has led to exploring techniques that minimize ecological impact while optimizing engineering properties. 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