High entropy nanoalloys for electrocatalytic plastic waste upcycling

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This review highlights high-entropy alloy nanostructures as electrocatalysts for upcycling plastic waste into value-added chemicals, discussing their performance, stability, and future prospects.

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This (preprint) review paper studies how high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanoalloys with five or more elements in near-equimolar ratios have been used as electrocatalysts to oxidize plastic hydrolysates derived from multiple plastic wastes, focusing on product selectivity, conversion efficiency, and how HEA dimensionality, size, and multi-site synergism affect catalysis for substrates such as ethylene glycol, lactic acid, and glycolic acid. It summarizes stability considerations of HEA nanostructures and reports performance evaluation in lab-scale setups including H-Cell and flow cells, while also outlining challenges and future prospects for active, stable HEAs for broader upcycling adoption. A stated caveat is that the document is a preprint and not peer reviewed, meaning the presented synthesis may be preliminary. This paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

Plastic pollution has become a global issue due to improper management of plastic waste, posing a significant environmental burden. Microplastic pollution is also widely recognized as a health hazard, and there is an urgent need to develop methods to upcycle plastic waste into value-added chemicals and precursors. Among upcycling approaches, electrocatalytic upcycling is gaining attention as a key technology for converting waste plastics, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, and polystyrene, into value-added chemicals and fuels. High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanostructures are an emerging class of nanomaterials with five or more elements in near-equimolar ratios, which support catalytic oxidation of complex reactions involving plastic hydrolysate. In this review, we first focused on high-entropy alloy nanostructures that have been employed as electrocatalysts for the oxidation of plastic hydrolysate derived from various plastic wastes. We have specifically highlighted the product selectivity and conversion efficiency attained due to the availability of multi-metal HEA nanostructures. The influence of HEA dimensionality, size, and multi-site synergism on the electrocatalysis of plastic waste hydrolysates, including ethylene glycol, lactic acid, and glycolic acid, is discussed in detail. The stability aspects of HEA nanostructures, along with their performance in lab-scale test setups such as H-Cell and flow cell, are summarised. This review also outlines the challenges that need to be addressed to further develop active, stable HEAs and presents the future prospects of the electrocatalytic upcycling process for wide-scale adoption.
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High entropy nanoalloys for electrocatalytic plastic waste upcycling | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL Energy & Environmental Materials This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 12 May 2026 V1 Latest version Share on High entropy nanoalloys for electrocatalytic plastic waste upcycling Authors : Palaniappan Subramanian 0000-0003-1000-6994 [email protected] , Palanisamy Kannan [email protected] , and Jan Minar [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/authorea.15003071/v1 28 views 13 downloads Contents Abstract Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Plastic pollution has become a global issue due to improper management of plastic waste, posing a significant environmental burden. Microplastic pollution is also widely recognized as a health hazard, and there is an urgent need to develop methods to upcycle plastic waste into value-added chemicals and precursors. Among upcycling approaches, electrocatalytic upcycling is gaining attention as a key technology for converting waste plastics, such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, and polystyrene, into value-added chemicals and fuels. High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanostructures are an emerging class of nanomaterials with five or more elements in near-equimolar ratios, which support catalytic oxidation of complex reactions involving plastic hydrolysate. In this review, we first focused on high-entropy alloy nanostructures that have been employed as electrocatalysts for the oxidation of plastic hydrolysate derived from various plastic wastes. We have specifically highlighted the product selectivity and conversion efficiency attained due to the availability of multi-metal HEA nanostructures. The influence of HEA dimensionality, size, and multi-site synergism on the electrocatalysis of plastic waste hydrolysates, including ethylene glycol, lactic acid, and glycolic acid, is discussed in detail. The stability aspects of HEA nanostructures, along with their performance in lab-scale test setups such as H-Cell and flow cell, are summarised. This review also outlines the challenges that need to be addressed to further develop active, stable HEAs and presents the future prospects of the electrocatalytic upcycling process for wide-scale adoption. Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 12 May 2026 Collection Energy & Environmental Materials Keywords catalysts electrochemistry fuel cells materials science nanomaterials materials science energy materials nanomaterials sustainability batteries surface and interface solar cells density functional theory electrochemistry CO2 utilization energy materials waste water treatment catalysts High-entropy alloy Multimetallic components Plastic waste upcycling Value-added products sustainability energy materials semiconductors solar cells light emitting materials materials science catalysts electrochemistry fuel cells materials science nanomaterials CO2 utilization energy materials waste water treatment catalysts materials science energy materials nanomaterials sustainability batteries surface and interface solar cells density functional theory electrochemistry electrochemistry energy materials environmental materials fuel cells electrodes Authors Affiliations Palaniappan Subramanian 0000-0003-1000-6994 [email protected] University of West Bohemia in Pilsen New Technologies Research Centre, Pilsen, Czech Republic, 301 00 View all articles by this author Palanisamy Kannan [email protected] University of West Bohemia in Pilsen New Technologies Research Centre, Pilsen, Czech Republic, 301 00 View all articles by this author Jan Minar [email protected] University of West Bohemia in Pilsen New Technologies Research Centre, Pilsen, Czech Republic, 301 00 View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 28 views 13 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Palaniappan Subramanian, Palanisamy Kannan, Jan Minar. High entropy nanoalloys for electrocatalytic plastic waste upcycling. Authorea . 12 May 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/authorea.15003071/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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