Trade openness, human capital, natural resource and carbon emission nexus: A CS-ARDL assessment for Central Asian Economies

Trade openness, human capital, natural resource and carbon emission nexus: A CS-ARDL assessment for Central Asian Economies | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Trade openness, human capital, natural resource and carbon emission nexus: A CS-ARDL assessment for Central Asian Economies Meng Qing Feng, Otsile Morake, Agyemang Kwasi Sampene, Fredrick Oteng Agyeman This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3612574/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Apr, 2024 Read the published version in Environmental Science and Pollution Research → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract There is a call for global efforts to preserve the ecological systems that can sustain economies and people’s lives. However, carbon emission (CEM) poses a danger to the sustainability of humanity and ecological systems. This analysis looked into the influence of energy use (ERU), human capital (HCI), trade openness (TOP, natural resource (NRR), population, and economic growth (ENG) on CEM. The paper gathered panel data ranging from 1990 to 2020 from the Central Asia region. The CS-ARDL was applied to establish the long-term interaction among the indicators. The paper findings indicated the presence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the Central Asia regions. Also, the empirical evidence highlighted that energy use, natural resources, and trade openness cause higher levels of CEM. However, the research verified that CEM can be improved through human capital and urban population growth. The study also found that HCI moderates the interaction between NRR and CEM. The causality assessment indicated a one-way interplay between ENG, ERU, NRR, and CEM. The study proposes that in order to support ecological stability in these regions, policy-makers should concentrate on developing human capital, investing in renewable energy sources, and utilizing contemporary technologies to harness natural resources in the economies of Central Asia. Energy uses Natural resource Human Capital Trade openness Environmental sustainability Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 16 Apr, 2024 Read the published version in Environmental Science and Pollution Research → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Jan, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Jan, 2024 Editor invited by journal 22 Dec, 2023 Editor assigned by journal 07 Dec, 2023 First submitted to journal 01 Dec, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3612574","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":267350736,"identity":"98d77497-d364-4fb7-9915-b3e0ebc13a91","order_by":0,"name":"Meng Qing Feng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Meng","middleName":"Qing","lastName":"Feng","suffix":""},{"id":267350737,"identity":"5e27e67a-ea36-4a6d-8ce0-2e355b0f8725","order_by":1,"name":"Otsile Morake","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDADCQbmAwyMDcQoZYNrYUsgWQuPAXFa+OWbDz66UXFPXrK955vEzx02cgzsh49uwKdFso0t2TjnTLHhbJ6z2yR7z6QZM/Ckpd3Ap8XgGI+ZdG5bAuM8idxtErxthxMbJHjMCGjh//4bqMV+nvybZ5J/idPCw8YM1JI4W4KHTZooWyTb0oylc84kJM/sSTO2lgXy2Aj5hZ/58MPPORUJtjOOH354822bjRw/++FjeLUgAxYJEMlGSBkyYP5AiupRMApGwSgYOQAAQ+BHiYNoTfQAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Otsile","middleName":"","lastName":"Morake","suffix":""},{"id":267350738,"identity":"74c3cc1e-d339-41e5-872c-a7625576c96a","order_by":2,"name":"Agyemang Kwasi Sampene","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Agyemang","middleName":"Kwasi","lastName":"Sampene","suffix":""},{"id":267350739,"identity":"f5a5d87b-ea2a-4416-bb4b-f6e8351be893","order_by":3,"name":"Fredrick Oteng Agyeman","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jiangsu University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fredrick","middleName":"Oteng","lastName":"Agyeman","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-11-15 01:17:06","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3612574/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3612574/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33059-6","type":"published","date":"2024-04-17T01:07:07+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":55016163,"identity":"5aea05e4-08c2-4350-801e-fa401d7d850c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-20 01:07:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":963133,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptCEMCentralAsia.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3612574/v1_covered_ccd81e07-441c-4d39-ac20-18d26da63cac.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Trade openness, human capital, natural resource and carbon emission nexus: A CS-ARDL assessment for Central Asian Economies","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-science-and-pollution-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"espr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Science and Pollution Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/11356)","snPcode":"11356","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11356/3","title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Energy uses, Natural resource, Human Capital, Trade openness, Environmental sustainability","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3612574/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3612574/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThere is a call for global efforts to preserve the ecological systems that can sustain economies and people\u0026rsquo;s lives. However, carbon emission (CEM) poses a danger to the sustainability of humanity and ecological systems. This analysis looked into the influence of energy use (ERU), human capital (HCI), trade openness (TOP, natural resource (NRR), population, and economic growth (ENG) on CEM. The paper gathered panel data ranging from 1990 to 2020 from the Central Asia region. The CS-ARDL was applied to establish the long-term interaction among the indicators. The paper findings indicated the presence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the Central Asia regions. Also, the empirical evidence highlighted that energy use, natural resources, and trade openness cause higher levels of CEM. However, the research verified that CEM can be improved through human capital and urban population growth. The study also found that HCI moderates the interaction between NRR and CEM. The causality assessment indicated a one-way interplay between ENG, ERU, NRR, and CEM. The study proposes that in order to support ecological stability in these regions, policy-makers should concentrate on developing human capital, investing in renewable energy sources, and utilizing contemporary technologies to harness natural resources in the economies of Central Asia.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Trade openness, human capital, natural resource and carbon emission nexus: A CS-ARDL assessment for Central Asian Economies","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-01-17 16:03:50","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3612574/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-01-16T03:54:22+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-01-15T22:52:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","date":"2023-12-22T14:31:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2023-12-08T04:28:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","date":"2023-12-02T03:56:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-science-and-pollution-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"espr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Science and Pollution Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/11356)","snPcode":"11356","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11356/3","title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"33c13d7c-d418-4019-ae14-ef9fa38119ec","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 17th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-04-20T01:07:07+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-3612574","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33059-6","journal":{"identity":"environmental-science-and-pollution-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},"publishedOn":"2024-04-17 01:07:07","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 17th, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-01-17 16:03:50","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11356-024-33059-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33059-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3612574","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3612574","identity":"rs-3612574","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}