Analysis of Primary Energy Demand Satisfaction from Domestic Sources in Selected European Countries Using Cluster Analysis

Abstract The article analyzes the extent to which selected European countries meet their primary energy demand from domestic sources. A k-means clustering analysis was conducted to group these countries based on the degree of demand satisfaction from sollid fossil fuels, natural gas, and oil, using data from the Eurostat database for the years 1990 and 2021. The analysis reveals significant changes in the energy sector over three decades, highlighting a transition from solid fossil fuels to renewable energy sources and an increased dependence on natural gas and oil imports. In 2021, the countries were classified into six distinct clusters, each reflecting unique energy profiles and dependencies. The results underscore the importance of tailored energy policies, investments in renewable energy sources, and strategic planning to enhance energy security and sustainable development within the EU and individual European countries.