From Adhyatma Vidya to Neural Correlates: A Scientific Inquiry into the Distinction Between Matter and Spirit

This paper examines the resurgence of the ancient spiritual science distinguishing matter and spirit in light of modern developments in consciousness studies, neuroscience, and analytic philosophy. Drawing upon Sankhya and Vedantic traditions, and comparing these with neural imaging data and formal models of cognition, this paper argues for a coherent re-framing of Adhyatma Vidya as a formal science, with measurable and computable properties. Emphasis is placed on the use of formal equations, neural metrics, and analytic arguments to ground this exploration in rigorous academic discourse.