Effectiveness of Nurse-led Telehealth Compared with Usual Care on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Effectiveness of Nurse-led Telehealth Compared with Usual Care on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effectiveness of Nurse-led Telehealth Compared with Usual Care on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Rong Hu, CaiYun He, Ping Yuan, XinYi Cui, QianQian He, MeiZi Dong, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8211447/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led telehealth interventions, compared with usual care, on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Medline from database inception to August 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nurse-led telehealth with usual or conventional care in adults with T2DM were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0). RevMan 5.4 software was used for statistical synthesis. The primary outcome was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %). The secondary outcome was body mass index (BMI, kg/m²). Results A total of 11 RCTs were included in the systematic review. The pooled results from the meta-analysis demonstrated that nurse-led telehealth significantly lowered HbA1c levels in T2DM patients compared to conventional care (MD= -0.54%, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.30; P < 0.001). In addition, the intervention group achieved a significant reduction in BMI (MD = -0.74 kg/m 2 , 95% CI: -1.40 to -0.08; P < 0.05). Conclusion Nurse-led remote care improves both glycemic control and weight-related outcomes in adults with T2DM. These findings support the integration of nurse-led telehealth into routine diabetes management as a clinically beneficial and scalable strategy. Telehealth Nurse-led type 2 diabetes meta-analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files appendix.doc Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8211447","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":559964137,"identity":"0b32c2d6-2c4d-4b65-b0d4-50c415a3afb2","order_by":0,"name":"Rong Hu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hunan Normal University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rong","middleName":"","lastName":"Hu","suffix":""},{"id":559964138,"identity":"dca294c2-abcd-4ddb-a759-a7891239bf58","order_by":1,"name":"CaiYun 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meta-analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8211447/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8211447/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective\u003c/strong\u003e This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led telehealth interventions, compared with usual care, on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods \u003c/strong\u003eA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Medline from database inception to August 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nurse-led telehealth with usual or conventional care in adults with T2DM were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0). RevMan 5.4 software was used for statistical synthesis. The primary outcome was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c, %). The secondary outcome was body mass index (BMI, kg/m²).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e A total of 11 RCTs were included in the systematic review. The pooled results from the meta-analysis demonstrated that nurse-led telehealth significantly lowered HbA1c levels in T2DM patients compared to conventional care (MD= -0.54%, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.30; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; 0.001). In addition, the intervention group achieved a significant reduction in BMI (MD = -0.74 kg/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, 95% CI: -1.40 to -0.08; \u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt; 0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e Nurse-led remote care improves both glycemic control and weight-related outcomes in adults with T2DM. These findings support the integration of nurse-led telehealth into routine diabetes management as a clinically beneficial and scalable strategy.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effectiveness of Nurse-led Telehealth Compared with Usual Care on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-16 22:24:06","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8211447/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"78e374ee-9d1c-4518-b135-1da645598c59","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 16th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-05T10:54:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-16 22:24:06","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8211447","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8211447","identity":"rs-8211447","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}