Global Research Trends and Future Perspectives in Salivary Gland Oncology: A Scientometric Evaluation

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Aim This study aimed to provide a comprehensive bibliometric overview of global research trends, key contributors, and thematic developments in salivary gland oncology. Method A total of 2,932 relevant publications were retrieved from the Scopus database and analysed using Bibliometrix (R package) and VOSviewer. The analysis examined publication trends, citation metrics, collaborative networks, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic evolution. Bibliographic coupling and co-citation analyses were conducted to identify influential research topics and author collaborations. Results Research output has steadily increased over the past two decades, with a marked rise after 2010. The United States, Japan, and Germany were the leading contributors, supported by strong international collaborations. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre and MD Anderson Cancer Center emerged as the most productive institutions. Influential authors included Seifert G, Bishop JA, and Nagao T. Highly cited journals were Head and Neck Pathology, Histopathology, and the American Journal of Surgical Pathology. Major thematic clusters included salivary duct carcinoma, immunohistochemistry, pleomorphic adenoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Notably, recent trends showed a growing focus on artificial intelligence (AI) applications and molecular profiling of SGTs. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis maps the evolving landscape of salivary gland oncology research. Emphasis should be placed on strengthening global collaborations, advancing molecular diagnostics, and leveraging AI technologies. The findings serve as a valuable guide for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to shape future directions in SGT research. Oncology Salivary gland oncology bibliometric analysis citation network artificial intelligence molecular oncology international collaboration Introduction Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) represent a diverse and complex group of neoplasms affecting both major and minor salivary glands. While the majority of these tumors are benign, malignant salivary gland neoplasms account for approximately 3–5% of all head and neck cancers, presenting significant challenges due to their histopathological diversity, unpredictable clinical behavior, and limited treatment options [ 1 ]. The malignancy rates among the salivary glands vary, with parotid gland tumors being malignant in 15–35% of cases, submandibular gland tumors in approximately 45%, and sublingual/minor SGTs in 70–90% of cases [ 2 ]. These malignancies can result in severe complications, including facial nerve involvement, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis in aggressive subtypes [ 3 ]. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of salivary gland malignancies. The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced its first histopathological classification of SGTs in 1972, which has since undergone multiple revisions to incorporate molecular and genetic insights into tumor categorization [ 4 ]. The latest 2022 WHO classification integrates genomic data, immunohistochemical markers, and targeted therapy approaches, reflecting the increasing role of precision oncology in tumor management (Table 1) [ 5 ]. The field of salivary gland oncology has expanded significantly, with research spanning tumor pathogenesis, diagnostic methodologies, molecular biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies. However, given the vast volume of literature and the rapid pace of advancements, there is a need for systematic mapping of research trends, leading contributors, and knowledge gaps [ 3 ]. Bibliometric analysis is a valuable tool for evaluating scientific productivity, collaboration networks, citation impact, and thematic evolution within a research field [ 6 ]. By utilizing bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, researchers can analyze institutional productivity, co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, and emerging research themes [ 7 ]. This structured approach provides a comprehensive overview of salivary gland oncology research, guiding future investigations and clinical applications. This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric evaluation of research trends in salivary gland oncology. The specific objectives are: (i) to analyze publication trends over time, identifying periods of increased research activity, (ii) to assess the geographical distribution of research contributions and international collaborations, (iii) to determine the most influential authors, institutions, and journals shaping the field, (iv) to examine citation networks and bibliographic coupling, identifying key publications and research clusters and (v) to explore thematic developments and emerging research trends, including molecular oncology and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in salivary gland tumor diagnosis and treatment. By addressing these objectives, this bibliometric study provides valuable insights into the current state and future directions of salivary gland oncology research, serving as a reference for clinicians, oncologists, and researchers. Methods Study Design and Data Sources This bibliometric study was conducted using data retrieved from the Scopus database, which was selected for their comprehensive indexing of high-impact journals and robust citation tracking capabilities. The study followed a systematic bibliometric methodology, utilizing VOSviewer for visualization mapping and Bibliometrix (R package) for statistical bibliometric analysis. These tools enabled the assessment of scientific productivity, collaboration networks, citation impact, and thematic trends. Search Strategy A structured search was conducted using a combination of MeSH terms and free-text keywords to ensure comprehensive coverage of salivary gland oncology literature. The following search strategy was applied in Scopus. TITLE-ABS-KEY (parotid OR submandibular OR sublingual OR "salivary gland" OR "salivary duct") AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (neoplasm OR tumor OR carcinoma OR adenoma OR malignancy OR "salivary gland cancer" OR "salivary gland tumor" OR "pleomorphic adenoma" OR “adenoid cystic carcinoma" OR "salivary duct carcinoma") adenoma" OR "adenoid cystic carcinoma" OR "salivary duct carcinoma") The search was restricted to original research articles and reviews to ensure the inclusion of peer-reviewed scientific literature. Only English-language publications were considered to maintain consistency in the analysis. Exclusion criteria were applied to filter out conference proceedings, book chapters, editorials, letters, and case reports, as these types of publications do not undergo the same level of peer review as journal articles. Data Extraction and Cleaning Data was extracted in CSV format from Scopus database. Figure S1 gives the PRISMA flow diagram illustrating search, screening, and analysis of this study. Several key bibliometric indicators were collected including the number of publications per year to assess research growth trends, citations per document to evaluate impact and influence, and authorship details to analyze collaboration networks. Additionally, country affiliations were examined to determine geographical distribution, while keyword analysis and thematic clustering were conducted to identify emerging research trends. Bibliometric Analysis The extracted data were analyzed using VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) ( https://www.vosviewer.com/ )[ 8 ] to examine various bibliometric relationships. Co-authorship networks were mapped to evaluate author collaborations, while co-citation and bibliographic coupling analyses were conducted to assess document similarity and citation relationships. Additionally, keyword co-occurrence visualization was utilized to explore thematic trends and research focus areas The Bibliometrix R package[ 9 ] was employed for bibilometrix analysis including descriptive statistical analysis to assess annual publication growth, top contributing institutions, and the most-cited papers. Trend analysis of author keywords was conducted to track the evolution of research topics over time, while source impact analysis was performed to identify the most influential journals based on citation metrics and rankings. Visualization and Statistical Measures Co-authorship analysis was conducted by generating network maps to visualize collaborations between researchers and institutions. Keyword co-occurrence analysis involved thematic clustering to highlight emerging research areas and evolving scientific priorities. Citation analysis was performed to rank highly cited authors, articles, and journals, identifying key contributors in the field. Additionally, geographical and institutional mapping was used to analyze the distribution of publications, revealing major research hubs and international collaborations. Ethical Considerations Since this study utilized publicly available bibliometric data, no ethical approval was required. The analysis did not involve human or animal subjects, ensuring that no ethical concerns or conflicts of interest were associated with the study. Results Annual Scientific Output The scientific output in salivary gland oncology has experienced steady growth over the past two decades, reflecting increasing global interest in the field. Figure S2 illustrates the number of publications per year from 1936 to 2024, revealing distinct phases of research activity. There's a significant increase in publication rate from the late 1990s onward, peaking around 2021–2022. A sharp decline is evident after 2022, possibly indicating incomplete data collection for recent years. Between 2000 and 2010, the number of publications remained relatively stable, averaging between 50 and 70 articles per year. During this period, research primarily focused on histopathological classification and surgical management of SGTs. From 2010 to 2015, a moderate rise in publications was observed, reaching over 150 articles annually, coinciding with the growing interest in molecular diagnostics and biomarker discovery. A notable surge in research output occurred between 2016 and 2022, with annual publication numbers exceeding 400 articles. This increase can be attributed to several factors, including advancements in genomic sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and targeted therapies, as well as the integration of AI in oncology research. The peak in publications during 2021 and 2022 may also reflect the widespread application of machine learning models in pathology and radiomics for salivary gland tumor detection. In contrast, 2023 and 2024 show a decline in the number of publications. However, this trend is likely due to incomplete data collection for recent years, rather than an actual reduction in research activity. Several key factors have contributed to the growth of salivary gland oncology research over the past two decades which include advancements in molecular pathology have led to the discovery of genetic alterations in salivary gland carcinomas, such as MYB-NFIB fusions and NOTCH1 mutations, facilitating more precise tumor classification. Emerging therapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, androgen receptor-targeted therapies, and HER2-directed treatments, have fueled translational research efforts. The integration of AI in pathology has allowed for automated tumor classification and predictive modeling, further expanding the field’s research scope. Multidisciplinary collaborations and global research consortia have facilitated large-scale clinical trials and the development of internationally recognized treatment guidelines. The continued rise in publication volume highlights the growing importance of salivary gland oncology within the broader field of head and neck cancer research. This trend underscores the need for continued investment in molecular diagnostics, biomarker validation, and AI-driven decision-support systems. Expanding international collaborations and establishing large patient cohorts through multicenter studies will be critical for advancing future research. Geographical Distribution and Country Analysis The geographical distribution of research in salivary gland oncology reveals notable disparities in scientific output across different regions. Figure S3 (Country Scientific Production) illustrates the top research-producing nations, highlighting variations in research activity and influence. The United States leads in both publication volume and citation impact, reflecting its strong research infrastructure, funding opportunities, and extensive collaboration networks. The country has contributed the highest number of publications and maintains a dominant presence in highly cited research. Japan and Germany follow as key contributors, benefiting from well-established pathology and oncology research programs that focus on molecular characterization and targeted therapies. China has shown significant growth in publication output, particularly after 2015, reflecting its increasing investment in cancer research and precision medicine. However, despite its rising publication count, its average citation impact remains lower, suggesting that much of this research is still in the process of gaining global recognition. European countries such as the United Kingdom, Italy, and France also play an essential role, contributing to high-quality research and strong international collaborations. When examining citation metrics (Figure S4. Most Cited Countries), a distinction emerges between countries with high research volume and those with high research influence. The United States and Germany exhibit the highest citation impact, indicating that their research is widely referenced and plays a significant role in shaping the field. While Japan and the United Kingdom have strong citation networks, reflecting their contributions to histopathology, surgical oncology, and biomarker research. Whereas, China, while producing an increasing number of publications, has a lower citation impact, likely due to the relatively recent surge in its research activity. Figure S5 (Country Collaboration Map) illustrates global research collaboration networks, revealing strong scientific partnerships between leading institutions and emerging research centers. The United States collaborates extensively with European and Asian countries, reinforcing its central role in shaping international research agendas. Whereas, Germany and Japan maintain strong collaborative ties, particularly in research areas focusing on tumor pathology and molecular diagnostics. While, China and South Korea have increasingly engaged in international collaborations, reflecting their growing influence in oncology research. However, smaller research hubs, such as Brazil and India, are beginning to emerge, although their contributions remain relatively modest compared to more research-intensive nations. The shift towards globalized research collaboration has fueled advancements in tumor classification, biomarker discovery, and novel therapeutic approaches. The increasing participation of Asian countries and emerging research centers suggests a more diverse and inclusive scientific landscape in the coming years. However, regional disparities remain, emphasizing the need for further collaboration, funding allocation, and knowledge exchange to enhance research capacity in underrepresented regions. Future efforts should focus on strengthening international research consortia, expanding multicenter clinical trials, and fostering cross-border collaboration to ensure equitable advancements in salivary gland oncology research. Institutional and Author Contributions Institutional contributions play a vital role in advancing the field of salivary gland oncology. Figure S6 illustrates the institutions with the highest research output and impact in this domain. The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (United States) and MD Anderson Cancer Center (United States) stand out as the two most prolific institutions, reflecting their strong focus on oncologic pathology, tumor classification, and molecular diagnostics. These centers are internationally recognized for their contributions to precision oncology and clinical management of salivary gland malignancies. Among European institutions, Radboud University Medical Center (Netherlands) and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (Germany) have demonstrated significant research contributions, particularly in histopathology, genetic markers, and molecular subtyping. In Asia, Kyushu University (Japan) has established itself as a major research hub, with a strong focus on genomic characterization and therapeutic innovations in SGTs. These institutions consistently produce highly cited research, indicating their global influence on salivary gland oncology. Their studies often serve as key references for emerging research areas, particularly in biomarker-driven classification and treatment approaches. The most influential researchers in the field were identified through citation metrics and co-authorship networks. Figure S7 highlights leading contributors based on publication volume and citation impact. Seifert G and Bishop JA emerged as the most cited authors, known for their work on salivary gland tumor pathology and molecular classification. Nagao T and Agaimy A have significantly contributed to salivary duct carcinoma research, focusing on genetic alterations and prognostic markers. Skalova A and Weinreb I have made impactful contributions to histopathological and immunohistochemical studies in SGTs. Spiro RH, widely co-cited, has played a foundational role in guiding treatment strategies and surgical management approaches for salivary gland neoplasms. These authors’ work has been pivotal in shaping the understanding of SGT biology and optimizing clinical decision-making. Figure S8 provides insight into the interconnected research clusters among leading authors. Such as Bishop JA, Nagao T, and Agaimy A form a strong collaborative network, frequently co-authoring studies on tumor histopathology, molecular markers, and emerging therapeutic targets. WhileSeifert G and Skalova A contribute extensively to classification systems and rare tumor subtypes, forming a distinct research cluster. Therefore, increasing co-authorship connections between researchers from different countries indicate a growing trend toward international and multidisciplinary collaborations. The dominance of United States-based and European institutions highlights their long-standing expertise in oncologic research. However, the growing presence of Asian research centers suggests an increasing globalization of salivary gland oncology research. Strengthening institutional partnerships, increasing research funding for underrepresented regions, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration will be crucial for advancing research in molecular diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and precision medicine in salivary gland oncology. Source Analysis and Journal Impact Scientific journals serve as primary platforms for disseminating advancements in salivary gland oncology. Figure S9 presents the most prominent journals based on publication volume and citation impact. Among the leading journals, Head and Neck Pathology, Histopathology, and the American Journal of Surgical Pathology have published the highest number of articles in the field. These journals specialize in oncologic pathology, molecular diagnostics, and tumor classification, making them essential resources for researchers and clinicians. Other notable sources include Oral Oncology and Head & Neck, which focus on clinical management, surgical techniques, and radiation therapy for salivary gland malignancies. Journals such as Modern Pathology and the Journal of Clinical Pathology have also made significant contributions, particularly in the validation of biomarkers and molecular profiling of salivary gland carcinomas. Figure S10, ranks journals based on their citation influence, highlighting the sources that have had the greatest impact on the field. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology has the highest h-index, reflecting its strong academic impact and frequent citation by researchers in oncologic pathology. Whereas, Histopathology and Oral Oncology also exhibit high citation influence, reinforcing their roles as authoritative sources for pathology and clinical oncology research. However, the emergence of open-access journals such as Cancers and Frontiers in Oncology has expanded the availability of research, increasing their influence in recent years. The steady rise in citation impact across multiple journals suggests an increasing recognition of salivary gland oncology research within the broader field of oncology and pathology. Figure S11 illustrates the evolution of journal contributions over the past two decades with Histopathology and Head & Neck Pathology have maintained consistent publication rates, reflecting sustained interest in SGT pathology and classification. While, Oral Oncology and Modern Pathology have experienced a rising trend, particularly due to the growing integration of molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies in their scope. Whereas, Cancers and Frontiers in Oncology have gained prominence in recent years, likely due to their open-access models and multidisciplinary readership. Implications for Researchers and Clinicians Authors should consider submitting their work to high-impact journals such as Head & Neck Pathology and Histopathology to maximize visibility and academic recognition. While the emergence of new oncology and pathology journals provides expanded opportunities for publishing interdisciplinary studies. Additionally, open-access journals are playing a crucial role in broadening research dissemination and increasing accessibility for researchers worldwide. Citation Analysis Citation analysis provides insight into the most influential studies that have shaped the field of salivary gland oncology. Figure S12 presents the most highly cited research articles, emphasizing their impact on tumor classification, molecular diagnostics, and therapeutic advancements. Among the most cited works, Marabelle et al. (2020)[ 10 ] published in Lancet Oncology holds the highest citation count, reflecting its seminal contribution to immunotherapy applications in salivary gland malignancies. Similarly, Cooper et al. (2006)[ 11 ] and Hyman et al. (2015)[ 12 ] remain foundational references, focusing on tumor classification systems and molecular diagnostics. Highly cited studies generally fall into three major categories which are (i) tumor pathology and classification, including works that have contributed to histopathological subtyping and WHO classification updates, (ii) biomarker discovery and molecular profiling, which have enhanced the understanding of genetic drivers in salivary gland carcinomas and (iii) therapeutic advancements, particularly studies that explore targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and radiotherapy outcomes. While global citation counts indicate internationally recognized studies, local citation analysis provides insight into highly referenced works within the salivary gland oncology community. Figure S13 highlights studies that, while potentially having fewer global citations, are crucial within their specialized research niche. Foundational authors such as Jaehne M et al [ 13 ], Lewis et al.[ 14 ], and Delgado et al[ 15 ] dominate local citation networks, reinforcing their long-standing influence on tumor classification and pathology. The discrepancy between local and global citation counts suggests that some highly specialized studies may not yet have broad international recognition, despite being essential within the discipline. Figure S14 demonstrates how citation trends have evolved over the years. Studies published between 2000 and 2010 primarily focused on surgical management and histopathological characterization, with gradual citation growth over time. However, research from 2010 to 2020 saw a significant rise in citations, particularly in works related to biomarker validation, molecular diagnostics, and genomic profiling. Whereas, recent years (2021–2024) have seen a growing number of citations for studies exploring AI, deep learning, and precision oncology, indicating a shift toward computational approaches in tumor classification and prediction models. Understanding citation patterns provides a roadmap for future research priorities. The highly cited papers serve as foundational references, guiding emerging research directions. However, the identification of underrepresented but locally significant studies suggests the need for increased global dissemination of specialized research. In addition, the rise in AI-driven diagnostics, biomarker research, and immunotherapy citations reflects an ongoing transformation in how salivary gland cancers are classified and treated. Keyword and Thematic Analysis Analyzing keyword co-occurrence provides valuable insight into the core themes and evolving research priorities in salivary gland oncology. Figure S15 visually represents the most frequently used keywords, where larger terms indicate higher occurrence rates and research significance. The most common keywords include (i) salivary gland carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, and salivary duct carcinoma, reflecting continued interest in tumor classification and histopathology, (ii) immunohistochemistry and molecular markers, indicating the increasing role of molecular diagnostics in tumor characterization and (iii) targeted therapy and precision medicine, highlighting a shift towards personalized treatment strategies. The prominence of these terms suggests that the integration of molecular and genomic insights into tumor classification and treatment is becoming a key focus in the field. Figure S16 visualizes the relationships between commonly used keywords, identifying distinct research clusters such as (i) Cluster 1 – Molecular and Genetic Research: Includes terms such as biomarkers, immunohistochemistry, genetic mutations, and molecular diagnostics, reflecting advancements in genomic characterization of SGTs. (ii) Cluster 2 – Tumor Classification and Histopathology: Encompasses pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and salivary gland neoplasms, representing the foundation of histopathological research in this field and (iii) Cluster 3 – Emerging Therapeutic Approaches: Contains keywords such as targeted therapy, immunotherapy, androgen receptor inhibitors, and AI, indicating a growing interest in novel treatment modalities and computational pathology applications. While author-assigned keywords reflect research focus areas, database-assigned index keywords provide a broader categorization of research themes. Figure S17 compares these two approaches. (i) a strong overlap between author and index keywords suggests that molecular and biomarker-driven research is becoming central in salivary gland oncology and (ii) emerging index keywords, such as liquid biopsy, radiomics, and PD-L1 inhibitors, indicate the integration of precision medicine and computational approaches into salivary gland cancer research. Keyword evolution over time reveals shifts in research priorities based on the time of publications such as (i) 2000–2010: the research was primarily focused on tumor histopathology and surgical management, (ii) 2010–2020: the emphasis shifted towards molecular biomarkers, genetic profiling, and targeted therapy and (iii) 2021–2024: recent trends indicate growing interest in AI, deep learning, and immunotherapy applications in salivary gland cancer research. This progression suggests that the future of salivary gland oncology will be driven by computational pathology, precision medicine, and AI-assisted diagnostics. Implications for Future Research are (i) molecular characterization of SGTs will continue to shape classification and prognosis prediction (ii) AI and machine learning applications in pathology will enhance early detection and diagnostic accuracy and (iii) emerging therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and gene-based treatments, are expected to become central in clinical trials and treatment guidelines. Collaboration Networks Collaboration between researchers plays a crucial role in advancing scientific knowledge and driving innovation in salivary gland oncology. Figure S18 presents a network visualization of author collaborations, where the size of each node represents the number of publications, and connecting lines indicate co-authorship links. Several key findings emerge from this analysis: (i) which are strong collaboration hubs exist among leading researchers, with Bishop JA, Nagao T, and Agaimy A forming one of the most interconnected author groups. Their work focuses extensively on tumor histopathology, molecular diagnostics, and emerging therapeutic approaches. (ii) Seifert G and Skalova A are part of a distinct network specializing in tumor classification and rare salivary gland neoplasms, contributing significantly to histopathological research and (iii) the increasing connectivity among authors from different regions suggests a shift toward greater international collaboration, particularly in areas involving genetic profiling and AI-assisted pathology. Figure S19 highlights the global scientific collaboration landscape in salivary gland oncology, emphasizing research partnerships based on shared authorship. Key observations include: (i) the United States leads in international collaboration, maintaining strong partnerships with Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan. European countries, including Germany, the Netherlands, and Italy, exhibit high interconnectivity, reflecting the region’s emphasis on histopathology and molecular research. While, China and South Korea have recently expanded their collaborative networks, indicating growing research investment and international engagement. While Brazil and India are beginning to emerge as contributors, their collaborations remain limited, suggesting the need for further integration into global research efforts. Co-citation analysis provides insights into how frequently two documents are cited together, revealing shared research themes and foundational studies in the field. Figure S20 presents key clusters of co-cited publications, forming the theoretical backbone of salivary gland oncology research. Notable findings include: (i) highly co-cited studies focus on tumor classification, biomarker discovery, and targeted therapies, reflecting the dominant themes in modern research. (ii) recent co-citation clusters highlight AI-driven approaches and molecular imaging, indicating the emerging influence of computational oncology in the field. (iii) older but still frequently co-cited studies provide the foundation for current classification and treatment guidelines, underscoring their continued relevance in clinical practice. Significance of Collaboration Networks: (i) strengthening global research collaborations can enhance knowledge sharing, improve clinical trial outcomes, and foster innovation in treatment approaches. While, co-citation networks help identify gaps in research, guiding future investigations into underexplored areas. While, encouraging interdisciplinary partnerships, particularly involving AI and bioinformatics specialists, can accelerate advancements in predictive diagnostics and personalized therapies. Discussion This bibliometric analysis of 2,932 publications on salivary gland oncology highlights significant advancements in research productivity, collaboration patterns, and thematic evolution. Over the past two decades, there has been a substantial increase in scientific output, particularly after 2010, reflecting a growing emphasis on molecular characterization, targeted therapies, and AI-driven diagnostics[ 3 ]. Figure S2 illustrates this steady increase in research output, emphasizing the rapid expansion of salivary gland oncology as a distinct research area. The observed rise in publication volume corresponds with advancements in diagnostic techniques, molecular research, and precision oncology, which have collectively shaped the field [ 2 ]. Salivary gland tumors have been extensively studied due to their heterogeneous nature, complex molecular landscape, and varying clinical outcomes. While early research predominantly focused on histopathological characterization and surgical management, recent studies have shifted toward genetic profiling, biomarker discovery, and novel therapeutic approaches [ 4 ]. The integration of AI in pathology and radiomics has further expanded the scope of salivary gland oncology research, contributing to personalized treatment strategies [ 6 ]. There is notable geographical variation in salivary gland oncology research, with the United States leading in both publication volume and citation impact [ 3 ]. Figure S4 highlights the global distribution of research impact, showing that Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom also play significant roles in shaping the field. The United States maintains a dominant presence, benefiting from strong research infrastructure, funding, and international collaborations [ 1 ]. While, Japan and Germany have historically contributed to advancements in histopathology and molecular oncology, with highly cited studies focusing on tumor classification and genetic alterations [ 7 ]. Whereas, China has demonstrated exponential growth in research contributions since 2015, but its citation impact remains lower, suggesting that its publications are still gaining global recognition [ 3 ]. The analysis further reveals a shift toward international collaboration, with increasing co-authorship between researchers from North America, Europe, and Asia. However, developing countries remain underrepresented, emphasizing the need for greater research equity and knowledge exchange in the field [ 2 ]. The evolution of research themes in salivary gland oncology demonstrates a transition from traditional histopathological studies to molecular and computational approaches [ 5 ]. Figure S15 highlights the clustering of frequently used keywords, illustrating thematic developments in the field. (i) Molecular Profiling and Biomarker Discovery: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genomic analysis have revolutionized tumor classification, enabling the identification of genetic drivers such as MYB-NFIB fusions, NOTCH1 mutations, and androgen receptor expression [ 4 ]. The role of PD-L1 expression as a biomarker for immunotherapy responsiveness has gained increasing attention, particularly in aggressive salivary gland carcinomas [ 16 ]. (ii) AI-Driven Diagnostics and Radiomics: The application of machine learning algorithms in pathology and imaging has improved tumor detection accuracy, aiding in early diagnosis and prognosis prediction [ 6 ]. AI-driven histopathological analysis is being explored for automated tumor grading and classification, reducing diagnostic variability [ 3 ]. (iii) Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: The efficacy of targeted treatments such as androgen receptor inhibitors, HER2-directed therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors is being actively investigated in clinical trials [ 2 ]. Precision oncology approaches aim to tailor treatments based on tumor-specific genetic alterations, improving patient outcomes [ 5 ]. These findings suggest that future research will be increasingly driven by molecular insights, AI applications, and immunotherapeutic advancements in salivary gland oncology. Despite significant progress, several challenges persist in salivary gland oncology research, necessitating strategic efforts to address them [ 1 – 3 , 6 , 16 ]. Figure S5 and S18 illustrates the global distribution of scientific partnerships, emphasizing the need for greater interdisciplinary and international collaboration. (i) Need for Larger, Multicenter Studies: Many studies in salivary gland oncology suffer from small patient cohorts, limiting the generalizability of findings. Establishing international research consortia and multicenter clinical trials is essential for validating molecular and therapeutic discoveries. (ii) Integration of AI in Clinical Practice: While AI-driven diagnostics show great promise, their widespread clinical adoption is hindered by regulatory, ethical, and infrastructural challenges. Further research is needed to standardize AI-driven histopathological and radiological analysis for routine use. (iii) Underrepresentation of Developing Countries in Research Output: Research from South America, Africa, and parts of Asia remains limited, emphasizing the need for increased funding, training programs, and collaborative initiatives. Expanding access to genomic technologies and biomarker-driven treatment strategies will be crucial in ensuring global advancements in salivary gland oncology. (iv) Standardization of Tumor Classification Criteria: While WHO classification updates have enhanced diagnostic accuracy, variability in molecular profiling and classification approaches persists across institutions. Future efforts should focus on harmonizing molecular, histopathological, and imaging-based classification systems to improve diagnostic reproducibility and clinical decision-making. Clinical and Research Implications This study provides valuable insights into research trends, key contributors, and emerging themes in salivary gland oncology. While clinicians and researchers should prioritize molecular profiling, AI-based diagnostics, and biomarker-driven therapies in future investigations. It is important to stress that international collaboration and funding should be expanded to support research in underrepresented regions, ensuring equitable advancements in salivary gland cancer management. Conclusion This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of global research trends, key contributors, thematic evolution, and collaboration networks in salivary gland oncology. Over the past two decades, scientific output has expanded significantly, with a notable rise in molecular diagnostics, targeted therapies, and AI applications in tumor classification and treatment strategies. This study also serves as a valuable reference for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers, offering a structured roadmap for future research priorities in salivary gland oncology. With ongoing advancements in molecular biology, precision medicine, and AI-driven diagnostics, the field is poised for significant breakthroughs that will improve patient outcomes and clinical management strategies. Future research should focus on: Expanding interdisciplinary collaborations between oncologists, pathologists, computational scientists, and bioinformaticians. Enhancing accessibility to genomic and AI-driven technologies in underrepresented regions. Standardizing tumor classification systems by integrating molecular, proteomic, and radiological data. By fostering global research collaboration, technological advancements, and equitable access to cutting-edge diagnostics and treatments, salivary gland oncology will continue to evolve as a high-impact field in cancer research. Declarations Conflict of interest All authors declare that they do not have any potential conflict of interest Author contributions statement A.C., M.Y., and B. S. conceptualised the study and led the project administration. B. S, A.G, and M. Y. contributed to the methodology and original draft preparation. M.Y., T.B., A.G, A.C., and G. S. contributed to investigation, data curation, conducted formal analysis and assisted with data interpretation. A.C., M.Y., B. S., R. J. K. T.B, A.G., and A. R. was involved in writing – review and editing, as well as supervision. M.Y., G. S., and A. C. contributed to validation and visualisation. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. Data availability The information involved in this study are all from the Scopus database, which can be obtained according to the search strategies in this paper. Funding statement The authors declare that no funding was received from any governmental, commercial, or non-profit organizations for the conduct of this review or the preparation of this manuscript. 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N Engl J Med 373:726–736 Jaehne M et al (2005) Clinical and immunohistologic typing of salivary duct carcinoma: A report of 50 cases. Cancer 103:2526–2533 Lewis JE, McKinney BC, Weiland LH, Ferreiro JA, Olsen K (1996) D. Salivary duct carcinoma: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical review of 26 cases. Cancer 77:223–230 Delgado R, Vuitch F, Albores-Saavedra (1993) J Salivary duct carcinoma Cancer 72:1503–1512 Mohan V et al (2022) Dose response modelling of secretory cell loss in salivary glands using PSMA PET. Radiother Oncol 177:164–171 Table 1 Table 1 is available in the Supplementary Files section. Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files Table1.docx Table 1: Classification of salivary gland tumors by WHO from 1972 to 2022 FigureS1.jpg PRISMA Flow diagram illustrating search, screening, and analysis. FigureS2.jpg The annual scientific production from 1936 to 2024. FigureS3.tif Country Scientific Production Map FigureS4.jpg Most Cited Countries FigureS5.jpg Country Collaboration Map FigureS6.jpg Most Relevant Affiliations FigureS7.jpg Most Relevant Authors FigureS8.jpg Collaboration Network among Authors FigureS9.jpg Most Relevant Sources (Journals) FigureS10.jpg Sources' Local Impact by h-index' FigureS11.jpg Sources' Production over Time FigureS12.jpg Most Globally Cited Documents FigureS13.jpg Most Locally Cited Documents FigureS14.jpg Average Citations per Year FigureS15.jpg Word Cloud (Author Keywords) FigureS16.jpg Co-occurrence of Author Keywords FigureS17.jpg Co-occurrence of Index Keywords FigureS18.jpg Co-authorship between Authors FigureS19.jpg Co-authorship Between Countries FigureS20.jpg Co-citations Network of Documents Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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While the majority of these tumors are benign, malignant salivary gland neoplasms account for approximately 3\u0026ndash;5% of all head and neck cancers, presenting significant challenges due to their histopathological diversity, unpredictable clinical behavior, and limited treatment options [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. The malignancy rates among the salivary glands vary, with parotid gland tumors being malignant in 15\u0026ndash;35% of cases, submandibular gland tumors in approximately 45%, and sublingual/minor SGTs in 70\u0026ndash;90% of cases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. These malignancies can result in severe complications, including facial nerve involvement, distant metastasis, and poor prognosis in aggressive subtypes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of salivary gland malignancies. The World Health Organization (WHO) introduced its first histopathological classification of SGTs in 1972, which has since undergone multiple revisions to incorporate molecular and genetic insights into tumor categorization [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. The latest 2022 WHO classification integrates genomic data, immunohistochemical markers, and targeted therapy approaches, reflecting the increasing role of precision oncology in tumor management (Table\u0026nbsp;1) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe field of salivary gland oncology has expanded significantly, with research spanning tumor pathogenesis, diagnostic methodologies, molecular biomarkers, and therapeutic strategies. However, given the vast volume of literature and the rapid pace of advancements, there is a need for systematic mapping of research trends, leading contributors, and knowledge gaps [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Bibliometric analysis is a valuable tool for evaluating scientific productivity, collaboration networks, citation impact, and thematic evolution within a research field [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. By utilizing bibliometric tools such as VOSviewer and Bibliometrix, researchers can analyze institutional productivity, co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, and emerging research themes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. This structured approach provides a comprehensive overview of salivary gland oncology research, guiding future investigations and clinical applications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric evaluation of research trends in salivary gland oncology. The specific objectives are: (i) to analyze publication trends over time, identifying periods of increased research activity, (ii) to assess the geographical distribution of research contributions and international collaborations, (iii) to determine the most influential authors, institutions, and journals shaping the field, (iv) to examine citation networks and bibliographic coupling, identifying key publications and research clusters and (v) to explore thematic developments and emerging research trends, including molecular oncology and artificial intelligence (AI) applications in salivary gland tumor diagnosis and treatment. By addressing these objectives, this bibliometric study provides valuable insights into the current state and future directions of salivary gland oncology research, serving as a reference for clinicians, oncologists, and researchers.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Design and Data Sources\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis bibliometric study was conducted using data retrieved from the Scopus database, which was selected for their comprehensive indexing of high-impact journals and robust citation tracking capabilities. The study followed a systematic bibliometric methodology, utilizing VOSviewer for visualization mapping and Bibliometrix (R package) for statistical bibliometric analysis. These tools enabled the assessment of scientific productivity, collaboration networks, citation impact, and thematic trends.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSearch Strategy\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA structured search was conducted using a combination of MeSH terms and free-text keywords to ensure comprehensive coverage of salivary gland oncology literature. The following search strategy was applied in Scopus.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTITLE-ABS-KEY (parotid OR submandibular OR sublingual OR \"salivary gland\" OR \"salivary duct\") AND TITLE-ABS-KEY (neoplasm OR tumor OR carcinoma OR adenoma OR malignancy OR \"salivary gland cancer\" OR \"salivary gland tumor\" OR \"pleomorphic adenoma\" OR \u0026ldquo;adenoid cystic carcinoma\" OR \"salivary duct carcinoma\") adenoma\" OR \"adenoid cystic carcinoma\" OR \"salivary duct carcinoma\")\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe search was restricted to original research articles and reviews to ensure the inclusion of peer-reviewed scientific literature. Only English-language publications were considered to maintain consistency in the analysis. Exclusion criteria were applied to filter out conference proceedings, book chapters, editorials, letters, and case reports, as these types of publications do not undergo the same level of peer review as journal articles.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData Extraction and Cleaning\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData was extracted in CSV format from Scopus database. Figure S1 gives the PRISMA flow diagram illustrating search, screening, and analysis of this study. Several key bibliometric indicators were collected including the number of publications per year to assess research growth trends, citations per document to evaluate impact and influence, and authorship details to analyze collaboration networks. Additionally, country affiliations were examined to determine geographical distribution, while keyword analysis and thematic clustering were conducted to identify emerging research trends.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eBibliometric Analysis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe extracted data were analyzed using VOSviewer (version 1.6.18) (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.vosviewer.com/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.vosviewer.com/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e)[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e] to examine various bibliometric relationships. Co-authorship networks were mapped to evaluate author collaborations, while co-citation and bibliographic coupling analyses were conducted to assess document similarity and citation relationships. Additionally, keyword co-occurrence visualization was utilized to explore thematic trends and research focus areas\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Bibliometrix R package[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e] was employed for bibilometrix analysis including descriptive statistical analysis to assess annual publication growth, top contributing institutions, and the most-cited papers. Trend analysis of author keywords was conducted to track the evolution of research topics over time, while source impact analysis was performed to identify the most influential journals based on citation metrics and rankings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eVisualization and Statistical Measures\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCo-authorship analysis was conducted by generating network maps to visualize collaborations between researchers and institutions. Keyword co-occurrence analysis involved thematic clustering to highlight emerging research areas and evolving scientific priorities. Citation analysis was performed to rank highly cited authors, articles, and journals, identifying key contributors in the field. Additionally, geographical and institutional mapping was used to analyze the distribution of publications, revealing major research hubs and international collaborations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthical Considerations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince this study utilized publicly available bibliometric data, no ethical approval was required. The analysis did not involve human or animal subjects, ensuring that no ethical concerns or conflicts of interest were associated with the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAnnual Scientific Output\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe scientific output in salivary gland oncology has experienced steady growth over the past two decades, reflecting increasing global interest in the field. Figure S2 illustrates the number of publications per year from 1936 to 2024, revealing distinct phases of research activity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere's a significant increase in publication rate from the late 1990s onward, peaking around 2021\u0026ndash;2022. A sharp decline is evident after 2022, possibly indicating incomplete data collection for recent years. Between 2000 and 2010, the number of publications remained relatively stable, averaging between 50 and 70 articles per year. During this period, research primarily focused on histopathological classification and surgical management of SGTs. From 2010 to 2015, a moderate rise in publications was observed, reaching over 150 articles annually, coinciding with the growing interest in molecular diagnostics and biomarker discovery.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA notable surge in research output occurred between 2016 and 2022, with annual publication numbers exceeding 400 articles. This increase can be attributed to several factors, including advancements in genomic sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and targeted therapies, as well as the integration of AI in oncology research. The peak in publications during 2021 and 2022 may also reflect the widespread application of machine learning models in pathology and radiomics for salivary gland tumor detection. In contrast, 2023 and 2024 show a decline in the number of publications. However, this trend is likely due to incomplete data collection for recent years, rather than an actual reduction in research activity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeveral key factors have contributed to the growth of salivary gland oncology research over the past two decades which include advancements in molecular pathology have led to the discovery of genetic alterations in salivary gland carcinomas, such as MYB-NFIB fusions and NOTCH1 mutations, facilitating more precise tumor classification. Emerging therapeutic strategies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, androgen receptor-targeted therapies, and HER2-directed treatments, have fueled translational research efforts. The integration of AI in pathology has allowed for automated tumor classification and predictive modeling, further expanding the field\u0026rsquo;s research scope. Multidisciplinary collaborations and global research consortia have facilitated large-scale clinical trials and the development of internationally recognized treatment guidelines.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe continued rise in publication volume highlights the growing importance of salivary gland oncology within the broader field of head and neck cancer research. This trend underscores the need for continued investment in molecular diagnostics, biomarker validation, and AI-driven decision-support systems. Expanding international collaborations and establishing large patient cohorts through multicenter studies will be critical for advancing future research.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eGeographical Distribution and Country Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe geographical distribution of research in salivary gland oncology reveals notable disparities in scientific output across different regions. Figure S3 (Country Scientific Production) illustrates the top research-producing nations, highlighting variations in research activity and influence.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe United States leads in both publication volume and citation impact, reflecting its strong research infrastructure, funding opportunities, and extensive collaboration networks. The country has contributed the highest number of publications and maintains a dominant presence in highly cited research. Japan and Germany follow as key contributors, benefiting from well-established pathology and oncology research programs that focus on molecular characterization and targeted therapies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina has shown significant growth in publication output, particularly after 2015, reflecting its increasing investment in cancer research and precision medicine. However, despite its rising publication count, its average citation impact remains lower, suggesting that much of this research is still in the process of gaining global recognition. European countries such as the United Kingdom, Italy, and France also play an essential role, contributing to high-quality research and strong international collaborations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen examining citation metrics (Figure S4. Most Cited Countries), a distinction emerges between countries with high research volume and those with high research influence. The United States and Germany exhibit the highest citation impact, indicating that their research is widely referenced and plays a significant role in shaping the field. While Japan and the United Kingdom have strong citation networks, reflecting their contributions to histopathology, surgical oncology, and biomarker research. Whereas, China, while producing an increasing number of publications, has a lower citation impact, likely due to the relatively recent surge in its research activity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure S5 (Country Collaboration Map) illustrates global research collaboration networks, revealing strong scientific partnerships between leading institutions and emerging research centers. The United States collaborates extensively with European and Asian countries, reinforcing its central role in shaping international research agendas. Whereas, Germany and Japan maintain strong collaborative ties, particularly in research areas focusing on tumor pathology and molecular diagnostics. While, China and South Korea have increasingly engaged in international collaborations, reflecting their growing influence in oncology research. However, smaller research hubs, such as Brazil and India, are beginning to emerge, although their contributions remain relatively modest compared to more research-intensive nations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe shift towards globalized research collaboration has fueled advancements in tumor classification, biomarker discovery, and novel therapeutic approaches. The increasing participation of Asian countries and emerging research centers suggests a more diverse and inclusive scientific landscape in the coming years. However, regional disparities remain, emphasizing the need for further collaboration, funding allocation, and knowledge exchange to enhance research capacity in underrepresented regions. Future efforts should focus on strengthening international research consortia, expanding multicenter clinical trials, and fostering cross-border collaboration to ensure equitable advancements in salivary gland oncology research.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eInstitutional and Author Contributions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstitutional contributions play a vital role in advancing the field of salivary gland oncology. Figure S6 illustrates the institutions with the highest research output and impact in this domain.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (United States) and MD Anderson Cancer Center (United States) stand out as the two most prolific institutions, reflecting their strong focus on oncologic pathology, tumor classification, and molecular diagnostics. These centers are internationally recognized for their contributions to precision oncology and clinical management of salivary gland malignancies. Among European institutions, Radboud University Medical Center (Netherlands) and University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (Germany) have demonstrated significant research contributions, particularly in histopathology, genetic markers, and molecular subtyping. In Asia, Kyushu University (Japan) has established itself as a major research hub, with a strong focus on genomic characterization and therapeutic innovations in SGTs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese institutions consistently produce highly cited research, indicating their global influence on salivary gland oncology. Their studies often serve as key references for emerging research areas, particularly in biomarker-driven classification and treatment approaches.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe most influential researchers in the field were identified through citation metrics and co-authorship networks. Figure S7 highlights leading contributors based on publication volume and citation impact.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeifert G and Bishop JA emerged as the most cited authors, known for their work on salivary gland tumor pathology and molecular classification. Nagao T and Agaimy A have significantly contributed to salivary duct carcinoma research, focusing on genetic alterations and prognostic markers. Skalova A and Weinreb I have made impactful contributions to histopathological and immunohistochemical studies in SGTs. Spiro RH, widely co-cited, has played a foundational role in guiding treatment strategies and surgical management approaches for salivary gland neoplasms. These authors\u0026rsquo; work has been pivotal in shaping the understanding of SGT biology and optimizing clinical decision-making.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure S8 provides insight into the interconnected research clusters among leading authors. Such as Bishop JA, Nagao T, and Agaimy A form a strong collaborative network, frequently co-authoring studies on tumor histopathology, molecular markers, and emerging therapeutic targets. WhileSeifert G and Skalova A contribute extensively to classification systems and rare tumor subtypes, forming a distinct research cluster. Therefore, increasing co-authorship connections between researchers from different countries indicate a growing trend toward international and multidisciplinary collaborations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe dominance of United States-based and European institutions highlights their long-standing expertise in oncologic research. However, the growing presence of Asian research centers suggests an increasing globalization of salivary gland oncology research. Strengthening institutional partnerships, increasing research funding for underrepresented regions, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration will be crucial for advancing research in molecular diagnostics, biomarker discovery, and precision medicine in salivary gland oncology.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSource Analysis and Journal Impact\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific journals serve as primary platforms for disseminating advancements in salivary gland oncology. Figure S9 presents the most prominent journals based on publication volume and citation impact. Among the leading journals, Head and Neck Pathology, Histopathology, and the American Journal of Surgical Pathology have published the highest number of articles in the field. These journals specialize in oncologic pathology, molecular diagnostics, and tumor classification, making them essential resources for researchers and clinicians.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther notable sources include Oral Oncology and Head \u0026amp; Neck, which focus on clinical management, surgical techniques, and radiation therapy for salivary gland malignancies. Journals such as Modern Pathology and the Journal of Clinical Pathology have also made significant contributions, particularly in the validation of biomarkers and molecular profiling of salivary gland carcinomas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure S10, ranks journals based on their citation influence, highlighting the sources that have had the greatest impact on the field. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology has the highest h-index, reflecting its strong academic impact and frequent citation by researchers in oncologic pathology. Whereas, Histopathology and Oral Oncology also exhibit high citation influence, reinforcing their roles as authoritative sources for pathology and clinical oncology research. However, the emergence of open-access journals such as Cancers and Frontiers in Oncology has expanded the availability of research, increasing their influence in recent years.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe steady rise in citation impact across multiple journals suggests an increasing recognition of salivary gland oncology research within the broader field of oncology and pathology.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure S11 illustrates the evolution of journal contributions over the past two decades with Histopathology and Head \u0026amp; Neck Pathology have maintained consistent publication rates, reflecting sustained interest in SGT pathology and classification. While, Oral Oncology and Modern Pathology have experienced a rising trend, particularly due to the growing integration of molecular diagnostics and targeted therapies in their scope. Whereas, Cancers and Frontiers in Oncology have gained prominence in recent years, likely due to their open-access models and multidisciplinary readership.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eImplications for Researchers and Clinicians\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAuthors should consider submitting their work to high-impact journals such as Head \u0026amp; Neck Pathology and Histopathology to maximize visibility and academic recognition. While the emergence of new oncology and pathology journals provides expanded opportunities for publishing interdisciplinary studies. Additionally, open-access journals are playing a crucial role in broadening research dissemination and increasing accessibility for researchers worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCitation Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCitation analysis provides insight into the most influential studies that have shaped the field of salivary gland oncology. Figure S12 presents the most highly cited research articles, emphasizing their impact on tumor classification, molecular diagnostics, and therapeutic advancements. Among the most cited works, Marabelle et al. (2020)[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e] published in Lancet Oncology holds the highest citation count, reflecting its seminal contribution to immunotherapy applications in salivary gland malignancies. Similarly, Cooper et al. (2006)[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e] and Hyman et al. (2015)[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e] remain foundational references, focusing on tumor classification systems and molecular diagnostics.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHighly cited studies generally fall into three major categories which are (i) tumor pathology and classification, including works that have contributed to histopathological subtyping and WHO classification updates, (ii) biomarker discovery and molecular profiling, which have enhanced the understanding of genetic drivers in salivary gland carcinomas and (iii) therapeutic advancements, particularly studies that explore targeted therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and radiotherapy outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile global citation counts indicate internationally recognized studies, local citation analysis provides insight into highly referenced works within the salivary gland oncology community.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure S13 highlights studies that, while potentially having fewer global citations, are crucial within their specialized research niche. Foundational authors such as Jaehne M et al [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e], Lewis et al.[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e], and Delgado et al[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e] dominate local citation networks, reinforcing their long-standing influence on tumor classification and pathology. The discrepancy between local and global citation counts suggests that some highly specialized studies may not yet have broad international recognition, despite being essential within the discipline.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure S14 demonstrates how citation trends have evolved over the years. Studies published between 2000 and 2010 primarily focused on surgical management and histopathological characterization, with gradual citation growth over time. However, research from 2010 to 2020 saw a significant rise in citations, particularly in works related to biomarker validation, molecular diagnostics, and genomic profiling. Whereas, recent years (2021\u0026ndash;2024) have seen a growing number of citations for studies exploring AI, deep learning, and precision oncology, indicating a shift toward computational approaches in tumor classification and prediction models.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnderstanding citation patterns provides a roadmap for future research priorities. The highly cited papers serve as foundational references, guiding emerging research directions. However, the identification of underrepresented but locally significant studies suggests the need for increased global dissemination of specialized research. In addition, the rise in AI-driven diagnostics, biomarker research, and immunotherapy citations reflects an ongoing transformation in how salivary gland cancers are classified and treated.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eKeyword and Thematic Analysis\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalyzing keyword co-occurrence provides valuable insight into the core themes and evolving research priorities in salivary gland oncology. Figure S15 visually represents the most frequently used keywords, where larger terms indicate higher occurrence rates and research significance. The most common keywords include (i) salivary gland carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, and salivary duct carcinoma, reflecting continued interest in tumor classification and histopathology, (ii) immunohistochemistry and molecular markers, indicating the increasing role of molecular diagnostics in tumor characterization and (iii) targeted therapy and precision medicine, highlighting a shift towards personalized treatment strategies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prominence of these terms suggests that the integration of molecular and genomic insights into tumor classification and treatment is becoming a key focus in the field. Figure S16 visualizes the relationships between commonly used keywords, identifying distinct research clusters such as (i) Cluster 1 \u0026ndash; Molecular and Genetic Research: Includes terms such as biomarkers, immunohistochemistry, genetic mutations, and molecular diagnostics, reflecting advancements in genomic characterization of SGTs. (ii) Cluster 2 \u0026ndash; Tumor Classification and Histopathology: Encompasses pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and salivary gland neoplasms, representing the foundation of histopathological research in this field and (iii) Cluster 3 \u0026ndash; Emerging Therapeutic Approaches: Contains keywords such as targeted therapy, immunotherapy, androgen receptor inhibitors, and AI, indicating a growing interest in novel treatment modalities and computational pathology applications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile author-assigned keywords reflect research focus areas, database-assigned index keywords provide a broader categorization of research themes. Figure S17 compares these two approaches. (i) a strong overlap between author and index keywords suggests that molecular and biomarker-driven research is becoming central in salivary gland oncology and (ii) emerging index keywords, such as liquid biopsy, radiomics, and PD-L1 inhibitors, indicate the integration of precision medicine and computational approaches into salivary gland cancer research.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeyword evolution over time reveals shifts in research priorities based on the time of publications such as (i) 2000\u0026ndash;2010: the research was primarily focused on tumor histopathology and surgical management, (ii) 2010\u0026ndash;2020: the emphasis shifted towards molecular biomarkers, genetic profiling, and targeted therapy and (iii) 2021\u0026ndash;2024: recent trends indicate growing interest in AI, deep learning, and immunotherapy applications in salivary gland cancer research.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis progression suggests that the future of salivary gland oncology will be driven by computational pathology, precision medicine, and AI-assisted diagnostics. Implications for Future Research are (i) molecular characterization of SGTs will continue to shape classification and prognosis prediction (ii) AI and machine learning applications in pathology will enhance early detection and diagnostic accuracy and (iii) emerging therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and gene-based treatments, are expected to become central in clinical trials and treatment guidelines.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCollaboration Networks\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollaboration between researchers plays a crucial role in advancing scientific knowledge and driving innovation in salivary gland oncology. Figure S18 presents a network visualization of author collaborations, where the size of each node represents the number of publications, and connecting lines indicate co-authorship links.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeveral key findings emerge from this analysis: (i) which are strong collaboration hubs exist among leading researchers, with Bishop JA, Nagao T, and Agaimy A forming one of the most interconnected author groups. Their work focuses extensively on tumor histopathology, molecular diagnostics, and emerging therapeutic approaches. (ii) Seifert G and Skalova A are part of a distinct network specializing in tumor classification and rare salivary gland neoplasms, contributing significantly to histopathological research and (iii) the increasing connectivity among authors from different regions suggests a shift toward greater international collaboration, particularly in areas involving genetic profiling and AI-assisted pathology.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure S19 highlights the global scientific collaboration landscape in salivary gland oncology, emphasizing research partnerships based on shared authorship.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKey observations include: (i) the United States leads in international collaboration, maintaining strong partnerships with Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan. European countries, including Germany, the Netherlands, and Italy, exhibit high interconnectivity, reflecting the region\u0026rsquo;s emphasis on histopathology and molecular research. While, China and South Korea have recently expanded their collaborative networks, indicating growing research investment and international engagement. While Brazil and India are beginning to emerge as contributors, their collaborations remain limited, suggesting the need for further integration into global research efforts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCo-citation analysis provides insights into how frequently two documents are cited together, revealing shared research themes and foundational studies in the field. Figure S20 presents key clusters of co-cited publications, forming the theoretical backbone of salivary gland oncology research.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotable findings include: (i) highly co-cited studies focus on tumor classification, biomarker discovery, and targeted therapies, reflecting the dominant themes in modern research. (ii) recent co-citation clusters highlight AI-driven approaches and molecular imaging, indicating the emerging influence of computational oncology in the field. (iii) older but still frequently co-cited studies provide the foundation for current classification and treatment guidelines, underscoring their continued relevance in clinical practice.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSignificance of Collaboration Networks: (i) strengthening global research collaborations can enhance knowledge sharing, improve clinical trial outcomes, and foster innovation in treatment approaches. While, co-citation networks help identify gaps in research, guiding future investigations into underexplored areas. While, encouraging interdisciplinary partnerships, particularly involving AI and bioinformatics specialists, can accelerate advancements in predictive diagnostics and personalized therapies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis bibliometric analysis of 2,932 publications on salivary gland oncology highlights significant advancements in research productivity, collaboration patterns, and thematic evolution. Over the past two decades, there has been a substantial increase in scientific output, particularly after 2010, reflecting a growing emphasis on molecular characterization, targeted therapies, and AI-driven diagnostics[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure S2 illustrates this steady increase in research output, emphasizing the rapid expansion of salivary gland oncology as a distinct research area. The observed rise in publication volume corresponds with advancements in diagnostic techniques, molecular research, and precision oncology, which have collectively shaped the field [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalivary gland tumors have been extensively studied due to their heterogeneous nature, complex molecular landscape, and varying clinical outcomes. While early research predominantly focused on histopathological characterization and surgical management, recent studies have shifted toward genetic profiling, biomarker discovery, and novel therapeutic approaches [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. The integration of AI in pathology and radiomics has further expanded the scope of salivary gland oncology research, contributing to personalized treatment strategies [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere is notable geographical variation in salivary gland oncology research, with the United States leading in both publication volume and citation impact [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Figure S4 highlights the global distribution of research impact, showing that Germany, Japan, and the United Kingdom also play significant roles in shaping the field. The United States maintains a dominant presence, benefiting from strong research infrastructure, funding, and international collaborations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. While, Japan and Germany have historically contributed to advancements in histopathology and molecular oncology, with highly cited studies focusing on tumor classification and genetic alterations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Whereas, China has demonstrated exponential growth in research contributions since 2015, but its citation impact remains lower, suggesting that its publications are still gaining global recognition [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. The analysis further reveals a shift toward international collaboration, with increasing co-authorship between researchers from North America, Europe, and Asia. However, developing countries remain underrepresented, emphasizing the need for greater research equity and knowledge exchange in the field [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe evolution of research themes in salivary gland oncology demonstrates a transition from traditional histopathological studies to molecular and computational approaches [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Figure S15 highlights the clustering of frequently used keywords, illustrating thematic developments in the field. (i) Molecular Profiling and Biomarker Discovery: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) and genomic analysis have revolutionized tumor classification, enabling the identification of genetic drivers such as MYB-NFIB fusions, NOTCH1 mutations, and androgen receptor expression [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. The role of PD-L1 expression as a biomarker for immunotherapy responsiveness has gained increasing attention, particularly in aggressive salivary gland carcinomas [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. (ii) AI-Driven Diagnostics and Radiomics: The application of machine learning algorithms in pathology and imaging has improved tumor detection accuracy, aiding in early diagnosis and prognosis prediction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. AI-driven histopathological analysis is being explored for automated tumor grading and classification, reducing diagnostic variability [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. (iii) Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: The efficacy of targeted treatments such as androgen receptor inhibitors, HER2-directed therapies, and immune checkpoint inhibitors is being actively investigated in clinical trials [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Precision oncology approaches aim to tailor treatments based on tumor-specific genetic alterations, improving patient outcomes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. These findings suggest that future research will be increasingly driven by molecular insights, AI applications, and immunotherapeutic advancements in salivary gland oncology.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite significant progress, several challenges persist in salivary gland oncology research, necessitating strategic efforts to address them [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR2\" citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Figure S5 and S18 illustrates the global distribution of scientific partnerships, emphasizing the need for greater interdisciplinary and international collaboration. (i) Need for Larger, Multicenter Studies: Many studies in salivary gland oncology suffer from small patient cohorts, limiting the generalizability of findings. Establishing international research consortia and multicenter clinical trials is essential for validating molecular and therapeutic discoveries. (ii) Integration of AI in Clinical Practice: While AI-driven diagnostics show great promise, their widespread clinical adoption is hindered by regulatory, ethical, and infrastructural challenges. Further research is needed to standardize AI-driven histopathological and radiological analysis for routine use. (iii) Underrepresentation of Developing Countries in Research Output: Research from South America, Africa, and parts of Asia remains limited, emphasizing the need for increased funding, training programs, and collaborative initiatives. Expanding access to genomic technologies and biomarker-driven treatment strategies will be crucial in ensuring global advancements in salivary gland oncology. (iv) Standardization of Tumor Classification Criteria: While WHO classification updates have enhanced diagnostic accuracy, variability in molecular profiling and classification approaches persists across institutions. Future efforts should focus on harmonizing molecular, histopathological, and imaging-based classification systems to improve diagnostic reproducibility and clinical decision-making.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eClinical and Research Implications\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study provides valuable insights into research trends, key contributors, and emerging themes in salivary gland oncology. While clinicians and researchers should prioritize molecular profiling, AI-based diagnostics, and biomarker-driven therapies in future investigations. It is important to stress that international collaboration and funding should be expanded to support research in underrepresented regions, ensuring equitable advancements in salivary gland cancer management.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of global research trends, key contributors, thematic evolution, and collaboration networks in salivary gland oncology. Over the past two decades, scientific output has expanded significantly, with a notable rise in molecular diagnostics, targeted therapies, and AI applications in tumor classification and treatment strategies. This study also serves as a valuable reference for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers, offering a structured roadmap for future research priorities in salivary gland oncology. With ongoing advancements in molecular biology, precision medicine, and AI-driven diagnostics, the field is poised for significant breakthroughs that will improve patient outcomes and clinical management strategies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuture research should focus on:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eExpanding interdisciplinary collaborations between oncologists, pathologists, computational scientists, and bioinformaticians.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnhancing accessibility to genomic and AI-driven technologies in underrepresented regions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandardizing tumor classification systems by integrating molecular, proteomic, and radiological data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBy fostering global research collaboration, technological advancements, and equitable access to cutting-edge diagnostics and treatments, salivary gland oncology will continue to evolve as a high-impact field in cancer research.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors declare that they do not have any potential conflict of interest\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA.C., M.Y., and B. S. conceptualised the study and led the project administration. B. S, A.G, and M. Y. contributed to the methodology and original draft preparation. M.Y., T.B., A.G, A.C., and G. S. contributed to investigation, data curation, conducted formal analysis and assisted with data interpretation. A.C., M.Y., B. S., R. J. K. T.B, A.G., and A. R. was involved in writing \u0026ndash; review and editing, as well as supervision. M.Y., G. S., and A. C. contributed to validation and visualisation. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe information involved in this study are all from the Scopus database, which can be obtained according to the search strategies in this paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that no funding was received from any governmental, commercial, or non-profit organizations for the conduct of this review or the preparation of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNil \u003c/p\u003e\n"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJansen L et al (2024) Clinical and molecular epidemiology of malignant salivary gland tumors. Laryngorhinootologie 104:87\u0026ndash;93\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLocati LD et al (2023) Current management and future challenges in salivary glands cancer. Front Oncol 13:1264287\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDing H et al (2024) Current landscape and future trends in salivary gland oncology research\u0026mdash;a bibliometric evaluation. Gland Surg 13:969\u0026ndash;986\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYin LX, Ha PK (2016) Genetic alterations in salivary gland cancers. Cancer 122:1822\u0026ndash;1831\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePesoli C, Youssef M, Wei S (2022) Salivary Gland-Type Carcinomas of the Breast: A Review and Update With Emphasis on Molecular Advances and Differential Diagnosis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 146:1319\u0026ndash;1328\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSong W et al (2024) Current developments and opportunities of pluripotent stem cells-based therapies for salivary gland hypofunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 12:1346996\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJaremek-Ochniak W, Skulimowska J, Płachta I, Szafarowski T, Kukwa W (2022) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 407 salivary glands neoplasms in surgically treated patients in 2010\u0026ndash;2020. Otolaryngol Pol 76:29\u0026ndash;36\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003evan Eck NJ, Waltman L (2010) Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics 84:523\u0026ndash;538\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAria M, Cuccurullo C, bibliometrix (2017) An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. J Informetr 11:959\u0026ndash;975\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMarabelle A et al (2020) Efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with noncolorectal high microsatellite instability/ mismatch repair\u0026ndash;deficient cancer: Results from the phase II KEYNOTE-158 study. J Clin Oncol 38:1\u0026ndash;10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCooper DS et al (2006) Management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 16:109\u0026ndash;141\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHyman DM et al (2015) Vemurafenib in Multiple Nonmelanoma Cancers with BRAF V600 Mutations. N Engl J Med 373:726\u0026ndash;736\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJaehne M et al (2005) Clinical and immunohistologic typing of salivary duct carcinoma: A report of 50 cases. Cancer 103:2526\u0026ndash;2533\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLewis JE, McKinney BC, Weiland LH, Ferreiro JA, Olsen K (1996) D. Salivary duct carcinoma: Clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical review of 26 cases. Cancer 77:223\u0026ndash;230\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDelgado R, Vuitch F, Albores-Saavedra (1993) J Salivary duct carcinoma Cancer 72:1503\u0026ndash;1512\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMohan V et al (2022) Dose response modelling of secretory cell loss in salivary glands using PSMA PET. Radiother Oncol 177:164\u0026ndash;171\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Table 1","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 1 is available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Salivary gland oncology, bibliometric analysis, citation network, artificial intelligence, molecular oncology, international collaboration","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8529694/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8529694/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eIntroduction:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalivary gland tumours (SGTs) comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with diverse histopathological and molecular features.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAim\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to provide a comprehensive bibliometric overview of global research trends, key contributors, and thematic developments in salivary gland oncology.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethod\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 2,932 relevant publications were retrieved from the Scopus database and analysed using Bibliometrix (R package) and VOSviewer. The analysis examined publication trends, citation metrics, collaborative networks, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic evolution. Bibliographic coupling and co-citation analyses were conducted to identify influential research topics and author collaborations.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eResearch output has steadily increased over the past two decades, with a marked rise after 2010. The United States, Japan, and Germany were the leading contributors, supported by strong international collaborations. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre and MD Anderson Cancer Center emerged as the most productive institutions. Influential authors included Seifert G, Bishop JA, and Nagao T. Highly cited journals were Head and Neck Pathology, Histopathology, and the American Journal of Surgical Pathology. Major thematic clusters included salivary duct carcinoma, immunohistochemistry, pleomorphic adenoma, and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Notably, recent trends showed a growing focus on artificial intelligence (AI) applications and molecular profiling of SGTs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis bibliometric analysis maps the evolving landscape of salivary gland oncology research. Emphasis should be placed on strengthening global collaborations, advancing molecular diagnostics, and leveraging AI technologies. The findings serve as a valuable guide for clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to shape future directions in SGT research.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Global Research Trends and Future Perspectives in Salivary Gland Oncology: A Scientometric Evaluation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-07 09:08:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8529694/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9a725f3e-6853-428a-8a46-c7304667f57f","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 7th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":60670860,"name":"Oncology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-07T09:08:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-07 09:08:00","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8529694","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8529694","identity":"rs-8529694","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}