Enhanced Heat Transfer and Melting of PCM in Cavities with Bimetallic Flexible Fins: Numerical Investigation

Enhanced Heat Transfer and Melting of PCM in Cavities with Bimetallic Flexible Fins: Numerical Investigation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Enhanced Heat Transfer and Melting of PCM in Cavities with Bimetallic Flexible Fins: Numerical Investigation Tahseen A. Al-Hattab This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6136541/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 12 May, 2025 Read the published version in Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering → Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study investigates numerically the effects of a bimetallic flexible fin on the heat transfer and melting process of liquid phase change material (PCM) within a cavity. The bimetallic fin is attached to the left heated wall of the cavity. The governing equations of the system model in the fluid and structure domains are written in the Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation and then solved by the Multiphysics commercial software (COMSOL 6.1). The results demonstrate that the bimetallic flexible fin significantly enhances heat transfer compared to a fixed fin, leading to faster melting of the PCM for different values of Rayleigh number. Moreover, the bimetallic fin configuration leads to a more uniform temperature distribution and faster melting time (up to 11% reduction) compared to the fixed fin. Phase Change Materials (PCM) Bimetallic Fin Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) COMSOL Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 12 May, 2025 Read the published version in Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 08 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Mar, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 04 Mar, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Mar, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Mar, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Mar, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 03 Mar, 2025 First submitted to journal 01 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6136541","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":423833547,"identity":"abc82304-bcd1-4c4f-a912-a6b4a7136f4a","order_by":0,"name":"Tahseen A. Al-Hattab","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"University of Babylon","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tahseen","middleName":"A.","lastName":"Al-Hattab","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-01 21:23:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6136541/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6136541/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-025-00872-4","type":"published","date":"2025-05-12T15:57:56+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83067852,"identity":"8e3e8e07-a85c-419e-a1fe-7d35a4235f6e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-19 16:07:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1468719,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6136541/v1_covered_24d7495a-1dc5-4bd1-a541-1a4dccdfbff2.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Enhanced Heat Transfer and Melting of PCM in Cavities with Bimetallic Flexible Fins: Numerical Investigation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"iranian-journal-of-science-and-technology-transactions-of-mechanical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"istm","sideBox":"Learn more about [Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering](https://link.springer.com/journal/40997)","snPcode":"40997","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/40997/3","title":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Phase Change Materials (PCM), Bimetallic Fin, Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE), Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI), COMSOL","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6136541/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6136541/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study investigates numerically the effects of a bimetallic flexible fin on the heat transfer and melting process of liquid phase change material (PCM) within a cavity. The bimetallic fin is attached to the left heated wall of the cavity. The governing equations of the system model in the fluid and structure domains are written in the Arbitrary Lagrangian\u0026ndash;Eulerian (ALE) formulation and then solved by the Multiphysics commercial software (COMSOL 6.1). The results demonstrate that the bimetallic flexible fin significantly enhances heat transfer compared to a fixed fin, leading to faster melting of the PCM for different values of Rayleigh number. Moreover, the bimetallic fin configuration leads to a more uniform temperature distribution and faster melting time (up to 11% reduction) compared to the fixed fin.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Enhanced Heat Transfer and Melting of PCM in Cavities with Bimetallic Flexible Fins: Numerical Investigation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-03-04 09:48:18","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6136541/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-03-10T04:33:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-03-08T18:52:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-03-08T04:37:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"23885284612117335351016533560953807385","date":"2025-03-06T14:20:38+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"338553275438767131034446229613032553431","date":"2025-03-04T12:42:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-03-04T11:12:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"283623043024940433274968713973892764941","date":"2025-03-04T09:24:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"12308472250212819399032214993504461539","date":"2025-03-04T08:23:26+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"304812080271326677890705785405111360755","date":"2025-03-04T06:17:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"107177771877603362594792858946211294821","date":"2025-03-04T04:58:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-03-04T04:55:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-03-03T08:23:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-03-03T08:23:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering","date":"2025-03-01T21:13:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"iranian-journal-of-science-and-technology-transactions-of-mechanical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"istm","sideBox":"Learn more about [Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering](https://link.springer.com/journal/40997)","snPcode":"40997","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/40997/3","title":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9600ad9b-300d-48ee-8d6b-7c73c4fed389","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 4th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-19T16:02:18+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6136541","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-025-00872-4","journal":{"identity":"iranian-journal-of-science-and-technology-transactions-of-mechanical-engineering","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Mechanical Engineering"},"publishedOn":"2025-05-12 15:57:56","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 12th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-03-04 09:48:18","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s40997-025-00872-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40997-025-00872-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6136541","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6136541","identity":"rs-6136541","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}