Water Quality Assessment of Lake Burullus, Egypt, utilizing Statistical and GIS Modeling as Environmental Hydrology Applications

GIS is a very powerful tool for analyzing huge amount of data and connecting them with the geography, moreover recently there is great advancement in the field. The main objective of this study is to assess the water quality (WQ) and trophic status (TS) conditions of Lake Burullus, Egypt, using statistical modeling (PCA/FA & CA), WQ index (L-WQI) and trophic status index (Carlson TSI & TRIX) approaches, in addition to using GIS tools for building models able to automatically calculate the various indices and producing color coded maps for the lake. The results indicated that PCA/FA grouped the twenty-four WQ parameters into nine principal components explaining 72.6% of the total variance, domestic and agriculture pollution were dominant. CA divided the twelve sampling stations into most and least polluted groups. The lake WQ was classified as a “Very Poor”, according to L-WQI. Moreover, the results of the Carlson TSI and TRIX indices were coincided and classified the eutrophication levels in the lake as “Hyper-Eutrophic” and “Elevated Trophic”, respectively. Based on the results of this study, Lake Burullus needs urgent plans for recovering its WQ. Pre-treatment for its drains effluents and implementing of a periodical WQ monitoring program are highly recommended.