Multi-Mechanism Energy Dissipation Model for Droplet Impact on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: A Comprehensive Framework Integrating  Viscous, Slip, and Contact Line Effects"

Multi-Mechanism Energy Dissipation Model for Droplet Impact on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: A Comprehensive Framework Integrating Viscous, Slip, and Contact Line Effects" | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Multi-Mechanism Energy Dissipation Model for Droplet Impact on Superhydrophobic Surfaces: A Comprehensive Framework Integrating Viscous, Slip, and Contact Line Effects" Maedehsadat Mohajer, Norouz Mohammad Nouri This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7883147/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract For precise predictions of droplet impact dynamics on superhydrophobic surfaces, energy dissipation modelling is inevitable. Most theories apply viscous dissipation and neglect important other sources of dissipation, including slip effects and triple line dynamics, which lead to poor estimations, particularly for hydrophobic surfaces. The present research proposes a new multi-mechanism energy dissipation model that accounts for four separate mechanisms of energy loss: viscous dissipation with slip velocity effect, Slip-induced losses at the liquid-solid interface, dissipation due to triple-line movement, and contact angle hysteresis. The model proposes a linear velocity profile, considering slip velocity and a contact angle-based weighting function to regulate triple-line effects in relation to the hydrophobicity of surfaces. Comparing the model with the experiment through high-speed camera recording of water droplets impacting inclined superhydrophobic surfaces reveals some dynamic properties of the surface. For three repetitive rebounds, the model accurately predicts dynamic contact angles between 140.0° and 144.0° and slip velocities between 0.111 and 0.158 m/s, with maximal fitting errors of less than 0.34%. Unlike a static measurement approach, this process enables estimation of slip velocity and dynamic contact angle, based on energy loss measurements, and provides valuable insights into the qualities of dynamic surface properties for different applications. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing Physical sciences/Physics Superhydrophobic surfaces Droplet impact dynamics Energy dissipation Contact line dynamics Slip velocity Dynamic contact angle Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7883147","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":544675706,"identity":"f25b0a85-64a5-407f-97a4-0be8cd75cdbd","order_by":0,"name":"Maedehsadat Mohajer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Iran University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maedehsadat","middleName":"","lastName":"Mohajer","suffix":""},{"id":544675707,"identity":"d77a875a-3572-4024-9272-ca6d23ebe3ae","order_by":1,"name":"Norouz Mohammad 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Effects\"","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Superhydrophobic surfaces, Droplet impact dynamics, Energy dissipation, Contact line dynamics, Slip 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Most theories apply viscous dissipation and neglect important other sources of dissipation, including slip effects and triple line dynamics, which lead to poor estimations, particularly for hydrophobic surfaces. The present research proposes a new multi-mechanism energy dissipation model that accounts for four separate mechanisms of energy loss: viscous dissipation with slip velocity effect, Slip-induced losses at the liquid-solid interface, dissipation due to triple-line movement, and contact angle hysteresis. The model proposes a linear velocity profile, considering slip velocity and a contact angle-based weighting function to regulate triple-line effects in relation to the hydrophobicity of surfaces. Comparing the model with the experiment through high-speed camera recording of water droplets impacting inclined superhydrophobic surfaces reveals some dynamic properties of the surface. 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