Influence of rock mass properties and powder factor on the fractal dimension of the natural rock mass blocks during blasting

Influence of rock mass properties and powder factor on the fractal dimension of the natural rock mass blocks during blasting | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Influence of rock mass properties and powder factor on the fractal dimension of the natural rock mass blocks during blasting Ajay Pratap Singh Tomar, Suman Panthee, Sanjaya Dahal, Sandesh Pandey This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4675320/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The rock mass fragmentation in discontinuous rock mass is a concern issue in rock mass blasting. The purpose of the study is to find out the influencing parameters of rock mass and blast design in degree of fragmentation of natural block during blasting. The fragmentation conditions were evaluated by block fragmentation method in three different rock types. Blasted block size reduction from in-situ block size distribution (ISBD) to blasted block size distribution (BBSD) were analyzed based on modified Kuz-Ram models and other empirical models which were used to predict D50 of the blocks. Similarly, blastability index (BI), blastability designation (BD), and Fragmentation index (FI) were used to analyzed fractal dimension of block (i.e. volume reduction) from in-situ to blasted rock blocks where average reduction amount in block fragmentation were found 80.3%, 76.41% and 60.14% in Gneiss, Phyllite, and Metasandstone respectively. The result of this study revealed that the blastability and fragmentation index of rock mass depends on in-situ block size, rock mass strength, and powder factor used during blasting. Based on the outcome of the study rock fragmentation and fragmented block size can be predicted by understanding of the discontinuity characteristics of the rock mass along with rock mass class and powder factor of that blasting. Therefore, desired level of block fragmentation, blastability and fragmentation index of blasting rock mass can be got by modifying the blasting design according to the natural block size and rock mass strength of the rock mass. Natural block size Blasted block size Block fragmentation Blastability Fragmentation index Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 29 Jul, 2024 Reviews received at journal 28 Jul, 2024 Reviews received at journal 27 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Jul, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Jul, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 16 Jul, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Jul, 2024 First submitted to journal 02 Jul, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4675320","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":333063258,"identity":"0f909aae-7d91-488a-bf94-09259c076d7b","order_by":0,"name":"Ajay Pratap Singh Tomar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tribhuvan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ajay","middleName":"Pratap Singh","lastName":"Tomar","suffix":""},{"id":333063259,"identity":"63bf77e7-3732-4c13-80d0-63923b6039a4","order_by":1,"name":"Suman Panthee","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFADCSD+AMRs7MTq4AFqYZwB0sJMihZmHhCLkBb5GdmJnwt32OXZSzcffGzza5s8HzMD44ePObi1GNzI3Sw980xyMY/MsWTj3L7bhm3MDMySM7fh0SKRu0Gat405sUcix0w6t+c2I1ALGzMvHi3yM3I3/+Ztqwdqyf/+27Lntj1BLQw3crcBbTkMsgUYVj9uJxLUYnDm7TZr3jPHE3tupBlL9jbcTm5jZmzG6xf59tzNt3l3VCe2z0h++OHHn9u289ubD374iM9hIMDYAGO0oXCJ0cLwh7DiUTAKRsEoGHkAABZQT42WCi0XAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Tribhuvan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Suman","middleName":"","lastName":"Panthee","suffix":""},{"id":333063260,"identity":"12f9886d-e718-4299-b4f1-90f9134f0686","order_by":2,"name":"Sanjaya Dahal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tribhuvan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sanjaya","middleName":"","lastName":"Dahal","suffix":""},{"id":333063261,"identity":"7bc2b7db-171c-44eb-8d8b-0a080673fe1e","order_by":3,"name":"Sandesh Pandey","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tribhuvan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sandesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Pandey","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-02 15:31:04","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4675320/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4675320/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":61977427,"identity":"badb80fc-1240-4a6f-a264-b4ad0a51b577","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-07 19:10:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":337361,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Influenceofrockmasspropertiesandpowderfactoronthefractaldimension....blastingFinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4675320/v1_covered_ee5150cf-64fb-4066-8236-2761bde33e52.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Influence of rock mass properties and powder factor on the fractal dimension of the natural rock mass blocks during blasting","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-geoscience","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Geoscience](https://www.springer.com/journal/44288)","snPcode":"44288","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44288","title":"Discover Geoscience","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Natural block size, Blasted block size, Block fragmentation, Blastability, Fragmentation index","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4675320/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4675320/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe rock mass fragmentation in discontinuous rock mass is a concern issue in rock mass blasting. The purpose of the study is to find out the influencing parameters of rock mass and blast design in degree of fragmentation of natural block during blasting. The fragmentation conditions were evaluated by block fragmentation method in three different rock types.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBlasted block size reduction from in-situ block size distribution (ISBD) to blasted block size distribution (BBSD) were analyzed based on modified Kuz-Ram models and other empirical models which were used to predict D50 of the blocks. Similarly, blastability index (BI), blastability designation (BD), and Fragmentation index (FI) were used to analyzed fractal dimension of block (i.e. volume reduction) from in-situ to blasted rock blocks where average reduction amount in block fragmentation were found 80.3%, 76.41% and 60.14% in Gneiss, Phyllite, and Metasandstone respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe result of this study revealed that the blastability and fragmentation index of rock mass depends on in-situ block size, rock mass strength, and powder factor used during blasting. Based on the outcome of the study rock fragmentation and fragmented block size can be predicted by understanding of the discontinuity characteristics of the rock mass along with rock mass class and powder factor of that blasting. Therefore, desired level of block fragmentation, blastability and fragmentation index of blasting rock mass can be got by modifying the blasting design according to the natural block size and rock mass strength of the rock mass.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Influence of rock mass properties and powder factor on the fractal dimension of the natural rock mass blocks during blasting","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-07 19:02:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4675320/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-07-29T08:50:12+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-07-28T14:54:54+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-07-27T14:04:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"124863247031544828060349455290056516847","date":"2024-07-18T12:42:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"314431356335792078264130971926171394352","date":"2024-07-16T12:46:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"104561485789363013210837584857814174929","date":"2024-07-16T07:13:36+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-07-16T06:59:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-07-16T06:06:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-07-15T03:36:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Geoscience","date":"2024-07-02T15:29:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-geoscience","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Geoscience](https://www.springer.com/journal/44288)","snPcode":"44288","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44288","title":"Discover Geoscience","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a79bb125-3004-4826-af7a-47065a525b14","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 7th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-04-01T09:23:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-07 19:02:35","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4675320","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4675320","identity":"rs-4675320","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}