Investigation of the durability properties of concrete incorporating iron dust and silica fume

Investigation of the durability properties of concrete incorporating iron dust and silica fume | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Investigation of the durability properties of concrete incorporating iron dust and silica fume Bhupesh Jain, Gaurav Sancheti This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8322168/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective The study aims to develop a green, sustainable, and durable concrete suitable for general construction applications. In response to increasing construction activity and the need for sustainable practices, the research investigates the use of industrial waste materials—specifically iron dust and silica fume—as partial replacements for fine aggregates and cement, respectively, and evaluates their effects on the durability of concrete. Method Concrete mixes were prepared by replacing fine aggregates with 0–30% iron dust and cement with 0–15% silica fume. Durability performance was assessed through Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT), acid resistance, sorptivity, sulfate resistance, and water penetration tests at 28, 56, and 84 days of curing. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were conducted to examine the microstructural changes in the modified concrete. Results The incorporation of iron dust and silica fume significantly influenced the durability properties of concrete. The mix containing 20% iron dust and 10% silica fume showed optimal performance across most durability tests, demonstrating reduced chloride penetration, improved resistance to acid and sulfate attack, lower sorptivity, and decreased water permeability. Microstructural analyses further confirmed denser matrix formation and improved bonding in the optimized mix. Conclusion The study concludes that substituting 20% of fine aggregates with iron dust and 10% of cement with silica fume enhances the durability characteristics of concrete. Utilizing these industrial byproducts provides an environmentally sustainable approach while maintaining or improving concrete performance for construction applications. Concrete Silica fume Iron dust Durability test XRD SEM Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8322168","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":565369738,"identity":"4f03332f-0264-4eaa-a516-b53b17dc07d4","order_by":0,"name":"Bhupesh Jain","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Manipal University Jaipur","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bhupesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Jain","suffix":""},{"id":565369739,"identity":"883cfe08-a8fb-4ba0-b979-4bd1daeb19a5","order_by":1,"name":"Gaurav 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fume","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Concrete, Silica fume, Iron dust, Durability test, XRD, SEM","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8322168/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8322168/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study aims to develop a green, sustainable, and durable concrete suitable for general construction applications. In response to increasing construction activity and the need for sustainable practices, the research investigates the use of industrial waste materials—specifically iron dust and silica fume—as partial replacements for fine aggregates and cement, respectively, and evaluates their effects on the durability of concrete.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethod\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConcrete mixes were prepared by replacing fine aggregates with 0–30% iron dust and cement with 0–15% silica fume. Durability performance was assessed through Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT), acid resistance, sorptivity, sulfate resistance, and water penetration tests at 28, 56, and 84 days of curing. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were conducted to examine the microstructural changes in the modified concrete.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe incorporation of iron dust and silica fume significantly influenced the durability properties of concrete. The mix containing 20% iron dust and 10% silica fume showed optimal performance across most durability tests, demonstrating reduced chloride penetration, improved resistance to acid and sulfate attack, lower sorptivity, and decreased water permeability. Microstructural analyses further confirmed denser matrix formation and improved bonding in the optimized mix.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study concludes that substituting 20% of fine aggregates with iron dust and 10% of cement with silica fume enhances the durability characteristics of concrete. Utilizing these industrial byproducts provides an environmentally sustainable approach while maintaining or improving concrete performance for construction applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Investigation of the durability properties of concrete incorporating iron dust and silica fume","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-25 09:08:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8322168/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"941e872f-e4df-4780-a3e2-f3e151075327","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 25th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-21T14:01:22+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-25 09:08:53","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8322168","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8322168","identity":"rs-8322168","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}