The association between pelvic asymmetry and non-specific chronic low back pain as assessed by the Global Postural System. 

The association between pelvic asymmetry and non-specific chronic low back pain as assessed by the Global Postural System.  | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research article The association between pelvic asymmetry and non-specific chronic low back pain as assessed by the Global Postural System. Qiuhua Yu, Huanjie Huang, Zhou Zhang, Xiaoqian Hu, Wenfeng Li, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-15467/v5 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Sep, 2020 Read the published version in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders → Version 5 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Background: Empirical evidence that demonstrates the relationship between pelvic asymmetry and non-specific chronic low back pain (NCLBP) is currently lacking. Objective: To establish the reliability of the Global Postural System (GPS) in assessing pelvic asymmetry and identify the association between pelvic asymmetry parameters and the occurrence of NCLBP in young adults. Design: A cross-sectional, regression study. Methods: People who were aged between 18 and 30 and were diagnosed with NCLBP were recruited. Healthy individuals who were matched for age, sex, and education level were recruited as controls. Global Postural System (GPS) was employed to assess pelvic asymmetry. Prior to exploring the association, the reliability of GPS was assessed by the ICC (2, k) for interrater reliability, ICC (3, k) for intra-rater reliability, standard error and minimal detectable difference. Bivariate correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between pelvic asymmetry and the occurrence of NCLBP. Results: Twenty-eight healthy participants and 28 people with NCLBP were recruited. Moderate to excellent ICCs were observed for the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of most postural parameters. The bivariate correlation analysis indicated that age, body mass index and pelvic asymmetry parameters were related to the occurrence of NCLBP. Pelvic angle asymmetry (odds ratio=1.17), and asymmetry of the distance between the posterior superior iliac spine and the floor (odds ratio=1.21) were associated with NCLBP. Limitation: This study did not explore the causal relationship between pelvic asymmetry in the sagittal plane/pelvic asymmetry in the transverse plane and the occurrence of NCLBP. The interpretation of the results may not be generalized beyond the sample population. Conclusions: The GPS is a reliable method to assess pelvic asymmetry in a clinical setting. Two pelvic parameters were associated with the presence of NLBP. Measurement of pelvic asymmetry may assist in the early identification of potential occurrence of NCLBP but further work is required. Orthopedics pelvic asymmetry low back pain photographic assessment pelvic posture Figures Figure 1 Introduction Low back pain (LBP) creates a substantial socioeconomic burden for individuals worldwide (1). The prevalence of LBP is approximately 14% and is increasing in the young adult population (1). Most people who experience LBP do not have a recognisable or specific pathology, such as nerve root compression or serious spinal pathology (2). Thus, this pathological condition is often referred to as nonspecific LBP (2, 3). Pelvic asymmetry has been reported to be a potential contributor to the development of LBP and a primary source of pain (4, 5). To date, there is a lack of empirical evidence to demonstrate if pelvic asymmetry is associated with LBP in the young adult population. Identifying the relationship between pelvic asymmetry and LBP may assist in the early identification of chronic LBP. Pelvic asymmetry refers to the asymmetrical alignment of the pelvic bone in the frontal plane (lateral pelvic tilt), sagittal plane (iliac anterior/posterior rotation asymmetry) (6), or transverse plane (pelvic axial rotation) (7, 8) relative to the vertical axis. The classic overload principle suggests that anatomic adaptation of biological tissues occur when tissues are stressed beyond the normal stress level during tasks of daily living (9). A large number of studies have demonstrated asymmetrical tissue adaptations in bone and muscle girth in people who participate in sports that are predominantly unilateral (10-12). Therefore, directional asymmetry can be interpreted as the asymmetrically anatomic adaptations that occur in response to repetitive unilateral biomechanical loading (13, 14). The anatomical asymmetry of the pelvis, which was similar to that of lower limbs, was also associated with the directional biomechanical loading (13). It has been suggested that pelvic asymmetry may be related to the development of nonspecific chronic LBP (NCLBP), since lateral pelvic tilt is highly related to asymmetrical lumbar movement and places abnormal mechanical stresses on the body (15), which increases the strain on the soft tissues in the lumbar region (16). The abnormal stresses on the soft tissues may subsequently contribute to the development of LBP (17). In the last decade, several methods have been developed to perform accurate postural evaluations during standing. Technological advancements have enabled the use of highly reliable and easy-to-operate tools, such as X-ray scanners (18, 19) and computerized photographic systems (20), to assess postural asymmetry. X-ray imaging is the standard method of assessing spinal alignment because it provides clear images of anatomical landmarks. However, X-ray imaging is not preferred in clinical and research settings for routine procedures because X-ray imaging is associated with radiation emission. The use of computerized photographic systems that assess posture by the positions of anatomical landmarks is the recommended approach (20) because they are simple, noninvasive, affordable and free of radiation (20, 21). Acceptable levels of reliability (20, 22) and validity (23) of the photographic assessment systems have been reported in previous studies. To date, there is a wide variety of systems that are available for assessments with different levels of reported reliability. Published studies assessing pelvic and lower extremity alignments mostly investigated intra-rater reliability but not interrater reliability (21, 24, 25). The Global Postural System (GPS) is a recently developed computerized photographic postural assessment system. The GPS hardware that comprises a digital camera, a frame with a ruler and a fixed platform that enables consistent landmark identification is advantageous compared to a traditional photographic system that comprises a single camera placed in front of the person being assessed. The reliability of the GPS to assess pelvic asymmetry is not available, and it is essential to establish its reliability before it is recommended for clinical use. The first part of the study aimed to establish the reliability of the GPS to assess pelvic asymmetry in young adults in a clinical setting. The second part of the study primarily aimed to explore the association between pelvic asymmetry parameters and NCLBP occurrences in young adults by using a binary logistic regression model. It was hypothesized that the GPS was sufficiently reliable to assess pelvic postural asymmetry and that pelvic postural asymmetry was related to the occurrence of NCLBP. Methods 2.1 Sample population Participants were recruited from the staff and student populations of Sun Yat-sen University. The inclusion criteria for the NCLBP group were as follows: 1) age between 18 and 30; 2) diagnosis of NCLBP lasting more than 3 months; 3) pain score greater than 2 on the numerical rating scale (NRS) in both static (i.e., lying, sitting, or standing) and dynamic situations (i.e., moving or walking) was defined as the presence of LBP; 4) no referred symptoms of radiating pain below the knee, or paresthesia during straight-leg raise test (26); and 5) no radiographic evidence of congenital anomalies of the lumbosacral region. The exclusion criteria for the NCLBP group were as follows: 1) presence of scoliosis as assessed by the Adam’s forward bend test (27) ; 2) history of fracture or surgery in the pelvic or spinal area; 3) history of a neurological disorder or on regular medications; 4) Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score of <26;and 5) pregnancy. Healthy individuals who were matched for age, sex, and education level were recruited as controls. This study included participants with a minimum NRS score of 2 because part of the study aimed to obtain clinical information to potentially facilitate the early identification of low back pain. Thus, a slightly lower pain score was adopted as inclusion criteria. It was also for pragmatic reason to increase the sample size and enhance the statistical power. 2.2 Ethics Ethical approval of this study was obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University (ETHICS No.[2019]206). An information sheet was provided to all participants prior to enrolment of the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants. 2.3 Study settings and instruments The present study was conducted in the postural examination room in the Rehabilitation Outpatient Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The bespoke GPS 5.0 software was adopted for photo acquisition and postural analysis. The GPS hardware comprised of two aluminium, vertical bars with rulers on the sides, a plumb line for postural reference, and an adjustable mirror on the top that was attached to a stable platform (Figure 1). Two reference lines and four footprints facing different directions were used to calibrate the platform and enable consistent positioning of the feet. To set the scale of the lines, the horizontal distance between two vertical lines on the frame with rulers was recorded as 40 cm. A 1-m-tall digital camera with 2 megapixels (Logitech Pro C920; Logitech, China) was positioned 2.5 m away from the participant. The participant stood barefoot on the platform in undergarments while his or her posture was captured by the digital camera. 2.4 Data collection procedure Prior to commencing postural assessment, participants’ characteristics, of age, sex, education level, medication status, history of NCLBP in the past year, history of any other disease, and time spent on general physical exercise per week, were recorded in a demographic information sheet. The centres of the anatomical landmarks were first marked by the assessors using red stickers. The selected anatomical landmarks were the bilateral anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), greater trochanter, tuberositas tibiae and midpoint of the patella. Postures were captured from the anterior, posterior and left/right lateral views (Figure 1). During the postural examination, participants were asked to keep their usual body posture with their eyes looking straight ahead. Reliability For within-day inter-rater reliability of the GPS, healthy participants received a postural assessment by two different testers separately (tester A and tester B) during the first visit. Each tester was required to identify the anatomical landmarks and apply the red sticker at the centre of each landmark. The sequence of assessments by the two testers was randomized. Tester A then repeated the postural assessment procedure one week later to establish the intra-rater reliability. The two testers were trained by an experienced therapist who was not directly involved in the study. The two raters were not aware of the group allocation of each participant. Pelvic postural assessment for the NCLBP group Participants in the NCLBP group received the GPS assessment by tester A on one occasion. The pelvic postural parameters that were included in the data analysis were: 1) the left/right anterior pelvic tilt angle; 2) the left/right distance between the ASIS and the midline; 3) the left/right height of the ASIS from the platform; and 4) the left/right Q angle (see Figure 1). The photo analyser module of GPS 5.0 software required the anatomical landmark to be manually confirmed from the recorded image by the assessor in order to calculate the parameter. This procedure was repeated 3 times to obtain the mean of each parameter. The mean values were used for data analysis and the calculation of pelvic asymmetry ratios. Similar to the methods used by Gnat and Bialy (8), the pelvic asymmetry ratios of each parameter were calculated first by dividing the parameter of the left side by the parameter of the right side to obtain a relative ratio between the two sides. Then, 1 was subtracted from this ratio to normalize the ratio. The equation that was used to quantify pelvic asymmetry is as follows: Asymmetry ratio (%) = | (left pelvic postural parameter / right pelvic postural parameter) – 1 | x 100 . The pelvic asymmetry ratios that were calculated are: 1) the Q angle asymmetry ratio (QAR); 2) the height of the PSIS from the platform asymmetry ratio (PHAR); 3) the distance of the PSIS from the platform asymmetry ratio (PDAR); 4) the height of the ASIS from the platform asymmetry ratio (AHAR); 5) the distance between the ASIS and the midline asymmetry ratio (ADAR); and 6) the pelvic tilt angle asymmetry ratio in the sagittal plane (PTAR). 2.5 Data analysis All statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS ver 20.0 software (IBM SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.050. The sample characteristics were analysed by descriptive statistics. For the reliability analysis, relative reliability was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). As repeated measurements were recorded for each parameter, this study employed the ICC(2,k) model for the inter-rater reliability and ICC(3,k) model for the intra-rater reliability. ICC levels were interpreted as follows: Excellent: > 0.75; Good to Fair: 0.74 – 0.40; and Poor: < 0.40 (28). Absolute reliability was determined by the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable difference (MDD 95 ) (29). The MDD 95 corresponds to the upper bound of the random variation that 95% of stable patients generate when tested on multiple occasions (30). The formula for MDD 95 is MDD=1.96*SEM* (30). The pelvic asymmetry ratios are the ratio of pelvic postural parameters between left and right sides, which are affected by the measured values of the pelvic postural parameters. To identify the relationship between pelvic asymmetry and NCLBP, the differences in the demographic variables (including age, height, weight, BMI, duration of exercise per week), pelvic postural parameters and pelvic asymmetry parameters between groups were tested using an independent t -test. A stepwise logistic regression analysis with a forward conditional method was employed to explore the association between pelvic asymmetry and NCLBP. Before testing this model, a bivariate Pearson correlation was performed to test the relationships between age, BMI, height, weight and the pelvic asymmetry parameters. The relationships between the occurrence of NCLBP and the other variables (including the BMI, height, weight and pelvic asymmetry parameters) were explored by Spearman correlation with the occurrences of NCLBP as ordinal data (the participants with NCLBP were marked as 1, and the controls were marked as 0). Adapting the methods used in the previous study (31), the age, BMI, height, weight, and pelvic asymmetry parameters were used as the independent variables in the logistic regression analysis. Results 3.1 Participants A total of fifty-six participants were recruited. Twenty-eight healthy participants (13 females and 15 males) who never experienced low back pain were recruited for the reliability analysis and as controls. Twenty-eight (14 females and 14 males) participants who reported experiencing chronic low back pain were included in the NCLBP group. The sample characteristics of both cohorts are presented in Table 1. Both groups were matched for age, height, weight and education levels with normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. No participants had a history of a neurological disorder, mental disorder or regular medication. Participants in the NCLBP group had a statistically higher BMI than those in the control group ( p = 0.03). 3.2 Reliability Moderate to excellent ICCs were observed for within-day inter-rater and between-day intra-rater reliability of all parameters. Among all the parameters, the lowest ICC values were observed for the distance between the PSIS and the midline for both inter- and intra-rater reliability. Eight parameters were observed to have a lower bound of the confidence interval less than the acceptable lower bound of 0.75 for inter-rater reliability (32). For intra-rater reliability, lower bound of the confidence interval for six parameters was less than 0.75; the ICC values, SEM and MDD 95 for intra-rater reliability were higher than those for inter-rater reliability across all parameters. The SEM for all pelvic postural assessments ranged from 0.38 to 2.28 for inter-rater reliability and from 0.32 to 2.02 for intra-rater reliability. The MDD 95 for all pelvic postural assessments ranged from 1.26 to 6.31 for inter-rater reliability and from 1.12 to 5.59 for intra-rater reliability. Table 2 presents the results of all reliability indices for inter- and intra-rater reliability of all the pelvic postural parameters. 3.3 Pelvic postural parameters The results of the descriptive statistics of the pelvic postural parameters for both groups are presented in Table 3. Independent t -tests revealed that between-group differences were not statistically significant in all pelvic postural parameters ( p >0.05), except for the distance from the left PSIS to the midline ( p =0.04). The between-group differences for the asymmetry ratios of the pelvic tilt angle in the sagittal plane (PTAR), the Q angle (QAR), the distance between the ASIS and the midline (ADAR), and the distance between the PSIS and the midline (PDAR) were significant ( p 0.05). 3.4 Logistic regression The binary correlations between age, BMI, height, weight, pelvic asymmetry parameters and occurrence of low back pain are shown in Table 4. The results of the bivariate correlation indicated that age, BMI and several pelvic asymmetry parameters were related to the occurrence of NCLBP. In the regression model, only BMI (B=0.48, p =0.05, odds ratio (OR)=1.62), PTAR (B=0.15, p =0.02, OR=1.17), and PDAR (B=0.19, p= 0.02, OR=1.21) were found to be significant factors for NCLBP (Table 5). One person in the healthy group had larger PTAR than the mean PTAR in NCLBP group. Nine participants in the NCLBP group had smaller PTAR than the mean PTAR of the control group. For the PDAR, no participants in the control group had larger asymmetry than the mean PDAR of the NCLBP group. Five participants with NCLBP had lower PDAR than the mean PDAR of the NCLBP group. Other factors including age, height, weight, QAR, AHAR, ADAR, and PHAR were not significant factors. Discussion The current study investigated if the GPS was a reliable method for pelvic postural assessment when used in the clinical setting. It also explored the associations between pelvic asymmetry and the occurrence of NCLBP in the young adult population. The results of this study indicated that GPS was a reliable method for postural assessment. PTAR and PDAR were factors associated with NCLBP. 4.1 Reliability The results of the present study indicated moderate to excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability for distance variables surrounding the pelvis assessed by the GPS, except for the distance between the PSIS and the midline. These results were consistent with those reported in published studies (21, 24, 25). A common issue related to the reliability of photographic pelvic posture assessments is the repositioning of markers between measurement sessions. The repositioning of markers at the centre of the ASIS and PSIS is particularly problematic due to the anatomical characteristics of these two points (21). This study observed that the horizontal distances (distance between the ASIS and the midline; distance between the PSIS and the midline) had lower ICC values than the vertical distances (distance between the ASIS and the platform; distance between the PSIS and the platform). A potential reason for this observation is that the ICC values tend to be affected by the spread of the data (33). The distances between the ASIS/PSIS to the midline are shorter than the distances between the ASIS/PSIS and the platform. Thus, the small range of the data may contribute to low ICC values. Parameters that involved the ASIS and PSIS also have higher MDD 95 and SEM values for inter-rater reliability than for intra-rater reliability, suggesting more measurement errors occur in assessments between individuals than in assessments within individuals. Muscle contractions and excessive soft tissue surrounding the pelvis made it difficult to locate the PSIS and ASIS landmarks (21, 25). This issue did not appear to be improved by thorough training prior to the data collections, which in theory should reduce the landmark repositioning error. The anatomical angle assessed by the GPS showed good to excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability. A previous study on intra-rater reliability reported an ICC of 0.84 and an SEM of 2.48 degrees and an ICC of 0.89 and an SEM of 2.16 degrees for pelvic tilt angle and Q angle, respectively (21). For inter-rater reliability, a previous study reported an ICC of 0.43 and an SEM of 3.99 on the right and an ICC of 0.49 and an SEM of 4.24 degrees on the left for the pelvic tilt angle. An ICC of 0.84 and an SEM of 2.83 degrees on the right and an ICC of 0.89 and an SEM of 2.16 degrees on the left was reported for the Q angle (25). The smaller SEM values observed in the present study compared with previous studies indicates that the GPS has less measurement error that previous methods when measuring angle parameters. 4.2 The relationship between pelvic asymmetry and NCLBP Significant between-group differences in PTAR, QAR, ADAR and PDAR were observed, which may suggest that asymmetry parameters relate to the occurrence of NCLBP in young adults. The present study did not observe a significant difference in pelvic asymmetry parameters in the frontal plane (AHAR and PHAR) between the two cohorts. This result suggests that asymmetry in the frontal plane is unlikely to be associated with the occurrence of NCLBP. These findings are supported by Levangie (4), who also reported pelvic asymmetry in the frontal plane was not positively related to the occurrence of NCLBP. The logistic regression model suggested that BMI was significantly related to the NCLBP occurrence, which was supported by the findings of previous studies (34-36) that suggested overweight and high BMI increase tissue stress around the lumbar spine (34). However, the finding that BMI was a factor associated with NCLBP occurrence must be interpreted with caution. This is because of the small actual difference in BMI observed between the NCLBP and the control group, and no participants in either group had the BMI beyond “normal” BMI classification. Despite published literature that reported association between BMI and NCLBP, the absolute difference in BMI was often very small, ranging between 0.59 (37) and 1.5 (38). The small differences in BMI cast some doubts on the relationship between BMI and NCLBP. Several studies have reported that anatomical variations of the lumbosacral and sacroiliac joints may also lead to pelvic asymmetries (39, 40). The results of logistic regression analysis also reported that PTAR and PDAR were significant factors for NCLBP. The asymmetrical biomechanics of the articular surface of the lumbosacral and sacroiliac joints may increase one-sided muscle activity and subsequently lead to the occurrence of CLBP (41). Previous studies showed that anterior pelvic tilt angle was associated with LBP because an increased anterior pelvic tilt could increase the strain of soft tissue in the lumbar region (36, 42, 43). The standard deviation of anterior pelvic tilt angle in the NCLBP group observed in this study was higher than the standard deviation of 4.697 previously reported (36). The larger standard deviation observed in the present study is likely to be related to the smaller sample group. Existing studies that investigated the impact of unilateral and bilateral dominant sports on pelvic torsion (pelvic rotation in the sagittal plane) reported that people who participated in unilateral dominant sports had a greater prevalence of pelvic asymmetry than those who participated in bilateral dominant sports and non-athlete groups. Bussey (12) found that athletes who engaged in bilateral dominant activities (e.g., running and cycling) showed decreased pelvic asymmetry (including lateral pelvic tilt and pelvic torsion) and lower rates of low back pain than those who engaged in unilateral dominant activities (e.g., hockey). Early literature proposed that pelvic torsion caused positional changes to one or both innominate bones of the sacroiliac joint (4). The alteration of an innominate position may increase the stress to surrounding soft tissues because it is less efficient to dissipate the force from caudal or cephalad directions (4). The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that only PTAR and PDAR were significant factors for the occurrence of NCLBP and that AHAR and PHAR were not significant factors. This finding is a novel finding of the present study since the existing study mostly focused on assessing pelvic asymmetry in predominantly lateral pelvic tilt or pelvic torsion calculated by both the height and the width of the ASIS and PSIS. Previous studies showed that the pelvic asymmetry ratio would increase when the participant experienced not only pelvic torsion but also lateral pelvic tilt(44). These findings indicated that the ratio or difference in the height between the left and right ASIS and PSIS could not specifically detect the predominant type of pelvic asymmetry (lateral pelvic tilt or pelvic torsion) for mixed pelvic asymmetry. Therefore, pelvic asymmetry may better be assessed by methods, such as the one proposed by Gnat and Bialy (8), that take into consideration the angular measurement and the ratio of the pelvis size to detect pelvic asymmetry in the sagittal plane. 4.3 Limitations The findings of the study should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations. Although BMI was found to be associated with pelvic asymmetry, the between-group difference in BMI was small. However, the difference in BMI between healthy individuals and people with low back pain observed in this study was similar with published studies that investigated risk factor of low back pain (37, 38). It is currently unclear if the small difference may be of clinical significance. The sample size was not power calculated and is likely to contain type two error and contribute to the significant between-group difference in BMI. Despite the statistically significant association between PTAR (pelvic asymmetry in the sagittal plane) and PDAR (pelvic asymmetry in the transverse plane) and the occurrence of NCLBP, the small odds ratio of PTAR (1.17) and PDAR (1.21) limited the interpretation of asymmetry from these two parameters. These two significant asymmetry parameters may not be clinically meaningful, and their roles in NCLBP remains unclear. The present study adopted a cross-sectional design, therefore causality cannot be inferred. Due to the small association between asymmetry parameters and LBP observed in the present study, future longitudinal studies are recommended to confirm the association between pelvic asymmetry in the sagittal plane/pelvic asymmetry in the transverse plane and LBP occurrence. The reliability of the GPS was only tested in the healthy group. This was because that it could not ascertain if people with NCLBP would have reproducible posture when measured with the GPS. Thus the first step was to establish the reliability of the device in the healthy population. Future study is recommended to explore the reliability for GPS in the NCLBP group. The interpretation of the results may not be generalized to patients who age outside the 20 to 27 range. The GPS in the present study employed the skin markers on pelvic bones to assess the pelvic parameters. Even though previous study showed acceptable validity (23) of the photographic assessment systems, skin markers on pelvic bones seem to have an impact on the pelvic parameters. The future study should also investigate the GPS validity. The camera used in the present study only had a 2 megapixel lens, which was likely to increase the measurement errors. Future studies could utilize higher resolution lenses to assess body posture. Conclusion The study demonstrated an acceptable level of reliability of the GPS to assess pelvic posture asymmetry. However, not all pelvic asymmetry variables demonstrated the same level of reliability. It is currently unclear whether the observed reliability may be sufficient to identify intervention-induced changes in the symmetry ratio. Despite the pelvic tilt angle asymmetry ratio in the sagittal plane and the distance between the PSIS and the midline in the frontal plane were significantly associated with the occurrence of NCLBP, however, the associations were small which suggested a limited potential role of pelvic asymmetry may play in NCLBP occurrence Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Ethical approval of this study was obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University (ETHICS No.[2019]206). Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants. Consent to publish Written informed consent for patient information and images to be published was provided by the participants. Competing interests The authors declared no conflict of interest associated with the work presented in this manuscript. Funding This research project was supported by Guangdong Province Medical Science Technology Research Grant (grant number A2019452); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81772434, 81971224); and the Special Fund for Science and Technology of the Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation of Guangzhou, China (grant number 201704020122). Authors’ contribution All authors have read and approved the final manuscript. All authors meet the four primary ICMJE criteria for authorship. In addition, all authors have been actively involved in the study in different capacities: QY and HH designed the study and conducted all stages of the study including data collection, analysis, interpretation, and drafting of the manuscript. ZZ, XH, WL, LL, MC, ZL participated in the design of research protocol, recruitment and data analysis. WLAL and CW revised the manuscript, interpreted the data and managed the trial. Availability of data and materials The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is available from the authors upon request. Data statement The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is available from the authors upon request. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the participants who gave up their time for this study and all the clinical and research staff members of the institute for their tremendous support during the course of the research. Abbreviations ADAR The distance between the ASIS and the midline asymmetry ratio AHAR The height of the ASIS from the platform asymmetry ratio ASIS Anterior superior iliac spine BMI Body mass index GPS Global Postural System ICC Intraclass correlation coefficient LBP Low back pain MDD 95 Minimal detectable difference NCLBP Non-specific chronic low back pain NRS Numerical rating scale OR Odds ratio PDAR The height of the PSIS from the platform asymmetry ratio PHAR The height of the PSIS from the platform asymmetry ratio PSIS Posterior superior iliac spine PTAR The pelvic tilt angle asymmetry ratio in the sagittal plane QAR Q angle asymmetry ratio SEM Standard error of measurement References Manchikanti L, Singh V, Datta S, Cohen SP, Hirsch JA, American Society of Interventional Pain P. Comprehensive review of epidemiology, scope, and impact of spinal pain. Pain Physician. 2009;12(4):E35-70. Saragiotto BT, Maher CG, Yamato TP, Costa LO, Menezes Costa LC, Ostelo RW, et al. 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J Sport Rehabil. 2009;18(2):296-315. Nguyen AD, Boling MC, Slye CA, Hartley EM, Parisi GL. Various methods for assessing static lower extremity alignment: implications for prospective risk-factor screenings. J Athl Train. 2013;48(2):248-57. Tawa N, Rhoda A, Diener I. Accuracy of clinical neurological examination in diagnosing lumbo-sacral radiculopathy: a systematic literature review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2017;18(1):93. Côté P, Kreitz BG, Cassidy JD, Dzus AK, Martel J. A study of the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of the Scoliometer and Adam's forward bend test. Spine. 1998;23(7):796-802; discussion 3. Portney L, Watkins M. Foundations of clinical research : applications to practice. Third ed. Pearson Prentice Hall2009. Hu X, Lei D, Li L, Leng Y, Yu Q, Wei X, et al. Quantifying paraspinal muscle tone and stiffness in young adults with chronic low back pain: a reliability study. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):14343. Portney L, Watkins M. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. . Norwalk: Appleton & Lange; 2000. Masaki M, Aoyama T, Murakami T, Yanase K, Ji X, Tateuchi H, et al. Association of low back pain with muscle stiffness and muscle mass of the lumbar back muscles, and sagittal spinal alignment in young and middle-aged medical workers. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2017;49:128-33. Lee J, Koh D, Ong CN. Statistical evaluation of agreement between two methods for measuring a quantitative variable. Computers in biology and medicine. 1989;19(1):61-70. Rankin G, Stokes M. Reliability of assessment tools in rehabilitation: an illustration of appropriate statistical analyses. Clin Rehabil. 1998;12(3):187-99. Heuch I, Heuch I, Hagen K, Zwart JA. Body mass index as a risk factor for developing chronic low back pain: a follow-up in the Nord-Trondelag Health Study. Spine. 2013;38(2):133-9. Shiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E. The association between obesity and low back pain: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(2):135-54. Krol A, Polak M, Szczygiel E, Wojcik P, Gleb K. Relationship between mechanical factors and pelvic tilt in adults with and without low back pain. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2017;30(4):699-705. Şimşek Ş, Yağcı N, Şenol H. Prevalence of and risk factors for low back pain among healthcare workers in Denizli. Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir = The journal of the Turkish Society of Algology. 2017;29(2):71-8. Sions JM, Elliott JM, Pohlig RT, Hicks GE. Trunk Muscle Characteristics of the Multifidi, Erector Spinae, Psoas, and Quadratus Lumborum in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy. 2017;47(3):173-9. Jancuska JM, Spivak JM, Bendo JA. A Review of Symptomatic Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae: Bertolotti's Syndrome. International journal of spine surgery. 2015;9:42. Mahato NK. Asymmetric sacroiliac joint anatomy in partial lumbosacral transitional variations: Potential impact on clinical testing in sacral dysfunctions. Medical hypotheses. 2019;124:110-3. Mahato NK. Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: variations in low back structure, biomechanics, and stress patterns. Journal of chiropractic medicine. 2012;11(2):134-5. Taniguchi M, Tateuchi H, Ibuki S, Ichihashi N. Relative mobility of the pelvis and spine during trunk axial rotation in chronic low back pain patients: A case-control study. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0186369. Laird RA, Gilbert J, Kent P, Keating JL. Comparing lumbo-pelvic kinematics in people with and without back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:229. Egan DA, Cole J, Twomey L. An Alternative Method for the Measurement of Pelvic Skeletal Asymmetry (PSA) Using an Asymmetry Ratio (AR). Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy. 1999;7(1):11-9. Tables NCLBP(n=28) Mean ( SD) Control(n=28) Mean ( SD) t , p value 95% CI Age (years, Mean ( SD)) 22.21 (2.53) 22.61 (1.85) t =0.663, p =0.51 -0.8,1.58 Height (cm, Mean ( SD)) 166.82 (7.98) 168.32 (8.46) t =0.682, p =0.50 -2.91,5.91 Weight (kg, Mean ( SD)) 59.22 (9.35) 56.36 (10.51) t =-1.076, p =0.29 -8.19,2.47 BMI (kg/m^2, Mean ( SD)) 21.15 (2.16) 19.77 (2.51) t =-2.219, p =0.03 -2.64,-0.13 General exercise duration per week (hour, Mean ( SD)) 0.56 (0.52) 0.47 (0.49) t =-0.662, p =0.51 -0.36,0.18 NRS (static, Mean ( SD)) 2.85 (0.76) ‒ ‒ NRS (dynamic, Mean ( SD)) 3.82 (1.16) ‒ ‒ Table 1: The characteristics of the two groups of participants. Keys: BMI: body mass index; NRS: numerical rating scale Inter-rater reliability Intra-rater reliability ICC (95% CI) SEM MDD 95 ICC (95% CI) SEM MDD 95 Anterior pelvis tilt angle Left 0.76 (0.48,0.89) 2.28 6.31 0.83(0.63,0.92) 2.02 5.59 Right 0.77 (0.50,0.90) 2.15 5.95 0.78 (0.53,0.90) 2.00 5.55 Q angle Left 0.78 (0.52,0.90) 1.83 5.06 0.89 (0.77,0.95) 1.48 4.10 Right 0.74 (0.44,0.88) 1.82 5.04 0.79 (0.54,0.90) 1.80 4.98 The height of the ASIS from the platform Left 0.96 (0.92,0.98) 1.35 3.74 0.99 (0.97,0.99) 0.79 2.20 Right 0.97 (0.92,0.98) 1.27 3.52 0.98 (0.97,0.99) 0.85 2.37 The distance between the ASIS and the midline Left 0.77 (0.50,0.89) 0.59 1.62 0.87 (0.72,0.94) 0.48 1.33 Right 0.77 (0.24,0.91) 0.63 1.76 0.95 (0.89,0.98) 0.32 0.88 The height of the PSIS from the platform Left 0.94 (0.88,0.97) 1.71 4.74 0.99 (0.98,0.99) 0.67 1.85 Right 0.94 (0.87,0.97) 1.70 4.72 0.99 (0.98,0.99) 0.69 1.90 The distance between the PSIS and the midline Left 0.72 (0.40,0.87) 0.38 1.07 0.73 (0.42,0.88) 0.45 1.26 Right 0.68 (0.33,0.85) 0.46 1.26 0.71 (0.37,0.86) 0.40 1.12 Table 2: ICCs and absolute reliability for inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of all the pelvic postural variables Mean (SD) Control Group NCLBP Group t , p value 95% CI Tester A Tester B: first time Tester B: second time Tester A Anterior pelvis tilt angle ( o ) Left 21.04 (4.48) 21.04 (4.80) 21.36 (5.10) 22.29 (6.83) t =-0.809, p =0.42 -4.35,1.85 Right 21.07 (4.99) 21.25 (4.00) 20.75 (4.53) 22.43 (7.06) t =-0.831, p =0.41 -4.63,1.92 Q angle ( o ) Left 20.00 (3.45) 21.00 (4.24) 21.21 (4.67) 19.64 (7.99) t =0.217, p =0.83 -2.94,3.65 Right 19.93 (3.24) 20.57 (3.87) 21.25 (3.89) 19.50 (7.97) t =0.263, p =0.79 -2.83,3.69 The height of the ASIS from the platform (cm) Left 103.16 (6.92) 102.76 (6.91) 102.70 (7.00) 100.11 (18.27) t =0.826, p =0.41 -4.35,10.45 Right 103.25 (6.81) 103.00 (6.76) 102.76 (6.75) 100.30 (17.96) t =0.812, p =0.42 -4.33,10.23 The distance between the ASIS and the midline (cm) Left 14.44 (1.09) 14.45 (1.35) 14.46 (1.33) 14.43 (1.55) t =0.030, p =0.98 -0.71,0.73 Right 14.73 (1.25) 15.54 (1.42) 15.45 (1.37) 14.76 (1.74) t =-0.71, p =0.94 -0.84,0.78 The height of the PSIS from the platform (cm) Left 110.41 (7.51) 109.46 (6.96) 109.65 (6.41) 110.68 (6.88) t =-0.141, p =0.89 -4.13,3.59 Right 110.56 (7.40) 109.41 (6.86) 109.43 (6.21) 110.66 (6.87) t =-0.049, p =0.96 -3.92,3.73 The distance between the PSIS and the midline (cm) Left 5.52 (0.73) 5.68 (0.72) 5.79 (1.03) 6.28 (1.67) t =-2.194, p =0.04 -1.32,0.02 Right 5.48 (0.83) 5.69 (0.79) 5.53 (0.72) 6.04 (1.29) t =-1.948, p =0.06 -1.14,0.02 PTAR (%) 8.3 (7.7) 19.9 (19.1) t =-2.989, p =0.01 -19.5,-3.7 QAR (%) 10.3 (7.6) 51.6 (67.6) t =-3.206, p =0.003 -67.6,-14.9 AHAR (%) 0.7 (0.5) 1.1 (1.4)_ t =-1.416, p =0.17 -0.9,0.2 ADAR (%) 3.7 (3.8) 7.5 (3.7)_ t =-3.825, p <0.001 -5.8,-1.8 PHAR (%) 0.4 (0.3) 0.4 (0.4) t =0.679, p =0.50 -0.1,0.2 PDAR (%) 6.3 (4.0) 21.8 (17.5) t =-4.570, p <0.001 -22.4,-8.6 Table 3: Means and standard deviations (SDs) of all pelvic postural variables and pelvic asymmetry parameters. Keys: ASIS – anterior superior iliac spine; PSIS - posterior superior iliac spine; PTAR - pelvic tilt angle asymmetry ratio in the sagittal plane; QAR - Q angle asymmetry ratio; AHAR - height of the ASIS from the platform asymmetry ratio; ADAR - distance between the ASIS and the midline asymmetry ratio; PHAR - height of the PSIS from the platform asymmetry ratio; PDAR – distance between the PSIS and the platform asymmetry ratio. Age Height Weight BMI PTAR QAR AHAR ADAR PHAR PDAR Group Age Pearson — Height Pearson .045 — Weight Pearson -.015 .745 ** — BMI Pearson -.051 .271 * .840 ** — PTAR Pearson .108 -.070 .011 .044 — QAR Pearson .074 .040 .246 .330 * .191 — AHAR Pearson -.211 .309* .154 -.040 .300* -.046 — ADAR Pearson -.022 .148 .271* .271* .284* .238 .146 — PHAR Pearson -.026 -.287* -.196 -.067 .196 -.037 -.073 .195 — PDAR Pearson -.081 -.033 .017 .051 .156 .137 .078 .353** -.052 — Occurrence of NCLBP Spearman a -.286* -.091 .114 .276* .447** .623** -.001 .495** -.125 .535** — Table 4: The binary correlations between age, BMI, pelvic asymmetry parameters and the occurrence of low back pain. *denotes p <0.05; ** denotes p <0.01; a denotes the relationships between the occurrence of NCLBP and other variables as explored by Spearman correlation Dependent variables Independent variables Non-stand partial regression coefficient p value OR 95% confidence interval for odds ratio lower upper BMI 0.48 0.05 a 1.62 1.00 2.63 PTAR 0.16 0.02 1.21 1.02 1.34 PDAR 0.19 0.02 1.17 1.04 1.42 Table 5: Results of the stepwise logistic regression analysis with a forward selection method . a denotes that p is equal to 0.052 , which is marginally significant Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Sep, 2020 Read the published version in BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders → Version 5 posted Submission checks completed at journal 26 Aug, 2020 Editorial decision: Accept 26 Aug, 2020 Editor assigned by journal 24 Aug, 2020 Editor invited by journal 24 Aug, 2020 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-15467","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":1742772,"identity":"475106d5-9cba-4d44-aef8-2d7dcf755da5","order_by":0,"name":"Qiuhua Yu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiuhua","middleName":"","lastName":"Yu","suffix":""},{"id":1742773,"identity":"3961f9d7-7966-4e9e-b8f1-9dfed3952444","order_by":1,"name":"Huanjie Huang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Huanjie","middleName":"","lastName":"Huang","suffix":""},{"id":1742774,"identity":"0477f115-9378-4887-87b0-59ad112b5d0c","order_by":2,"name":"Zhou Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhou","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":1742775,"identity":"38d8edbd-e2f2-4a66-bacb-4e8bc1155ca5","order_by":3,"name":"Xiaoqian Hu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Hong Kong","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaoqian","middleName":"","lastName":"Hu","suffix":""},{"id":1742776,"identity":"7f423dd6-0ac0-4beb-8b84-bbd428131c71","order_by":4,"name":"Wenfeng Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wenfeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":1742777,"identity":"ae2af3fc-9c3a-4fad-b295-d46873a717f4","order_by":5,"name":"Le Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Le","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":1742778,"identity":"01928752-da14-4640-a3ee-0a2b8c47c630","order_by":6,"name":"Min Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Min","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""},{"id":1742779,"identity":"35399dae-030a-4b63-9534-4d202752cf15","order_by":7,"name":"Zhenwen Liang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhenwen","middleName":"","lastName":"Liang","suffix":""},{"id":1742780,"identity":"2a40151c-dcd7-471a-8bdb-f7c1d934714a","order_by":8,"name":"Wai Leung Ambrose Lo","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHjApw8DM//HBhwogk52BgbGBCC08DOwNxoYzzgBZzERr4TlgJs3ZRoQW/mlnj3348MeGh18iIUGacZ5N4n5m5oMPZzDYyeni0CdxOy955sy2NB7JGQkHjAu3pSX2MLMlG25gSDY2O4DDmts5xsy8DYd5DG4kNiTP3HYYqIXHTPIBw4HEbTi0yIO08Pz5D9SSzHCYdw4RWgzAWtgO8BicOcbYDLQOomUDHi2GQL8wzmxL5pFs72FmnHEszbjnMNAvMwxw+0Xudu5hhg9/7OT4mXnYf3yosZFtb28++LCnwk4Op/dxAAPSlI+CUTAKRsEoQAUACERawdUypwcAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7350-2157","institution":"The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wai","middleName":"Leung Ambrose","lastName":"Lo","suffix":""},{"id":1742781,"identity":"d41bfdc6-c1c0-4f4e-9075-bb85ff47fce8","order_by":9,"name":"Chuhuai Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chuhuai","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-02-27 12:18:05","currentVersionCode":5,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15467/v5","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-15467/v5","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03617-3","type":"published","date":"2020-09-05T12:00:00+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":2131685,"identity":"37c84db0-c08d-4535-ab2c-25ce411c26fe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-08-28 15:40:56","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":980531,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Photos with different views taken by the GPS. 1a front view; 1b right lateral view; 1c back view; 1d left lateral view. Keys: AD - the distance between ASIS and the midline; AH - the height of the ASIS from the platform; PT- anterior pelvic tilt angle.","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-15467/v5/1.png"},{"id":13586369,"identity":"e27d1e0c-2fe8-48d2-89ad-94e7b1276c60","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 04:46:50","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1267254,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-15467/v5/b85311c6-205f-4b47-9194-5fad4b453418.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eThe association between pelvic asymmetry and non-specific chronic low back pain as assessed by the Global Postural System.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eLow back pain (LBP) creates a substantial socioeconomic burden for individuals worldwide (1). The prevalence of LBP is approximately 14% and is increasing in the young adult population (1). Most people who experience LBP do not have a recognisable or specific pathology, such as nerve root compression or serious spinal pathology (2). Thus, this pathological condition is often referred to as nonspecific LBP (2, 3). Pelvic asymmetry has been reported to be a potential contributor to the development of LBP and a primary source of pain (4, 5). To date, there is a lack of empirical evidence to demonstrate if pelvic asymmetry is associated with LBP in the young adult population. Identifying the relationship between pelvic asymmetry and LBP may assist in the early identification of chronic LBP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePelvic asymmetry refers to the asymmetrical alignment of the pelvic bone in the frontal plane (lateral pelvic tilt), sagittal plane (iliac anterior/posterior rotation asymmetry) (6), or transverse plane (pelvic axial rotation) (7, 8) relative to the vertical axis. The classic overload principle suggests that anatomic adaptation of biological tissues occur when tissues are stressed beyond the normal stress level during tasks of daily living (9). A large number of studies have demonstrated asymmetrical tissue adaptations in bone and muscle girth in people who participate in sports that are predominantly unilateral (10-12). Therefore, directional asymmetry can be interpreted as the asymmetrically anatomic adaptations that occur in response to repetitive unilateral biomechanical loading (13, 14). The anatomical asymmetry of the pelvis, which was similar to that of lower limbs, was also associated with the directional biomechanical loading (13). It has been suggested that pelvic asymmetry may be related to the development of nonspecific chronic LBP (NCLBP), since lateral pelvic tilt is highly related to asymmetrical lumbar movement and places abnormal mechanical stresses on the body (15), which increases the strain on the soft tissues in the lumbar region (16). The abnormal stresses on the soft tissues may subsequently contribute to the development of LBP (17).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the last decade, several methods have been developed to perform accurate postural evaluations during standing. Technological advancements have enabled the use of highly reliable and easy-to-operate tools, such as X-ray scanners (18, 19) and computerized photographic systems (20), to assess postural asymmetry. X-ray imaging is the standard method of assessing spinal alignment because it provides clear images of anatomical landmarks. However, X-ray imaging is not preferred in clinical and research settings for routine procedures because X-ray imaging is associated with radiation emission. The use of computerized photographic systems that assess posture by the positions of anatomical landmarks is the recommended approach (20) because they are simple, noninvasive, affordable and free of radiation (20, 21).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcceptable levels of reliability (20, 22) and validity (23) of the photographic assessment systems have been reported in previous studies. To date, there is a wide variety of systems that are available for assessments with different levels of reported reliability. Published studies assessing pelvic and lower extremity alignments mostly investigated intra-rater reliability but not interrater reliability (21, 24, 25). The Global Postural System (GPS) is a recently developed computerized photographic postural assessment system. The GPS hardware that comprises a digital camera, a frame with a ruler and a fixed platform that enables consistent landmark identification is advantageous compared to a traditional photographic system that comprises a single camera placed in front of the person being assessed. The reliability of the GPS to assess pelvic asymmetry is not available, and it is essential to establish its reliability before it is recommended for clinical use.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first part of the study aimed to establish the reliability of the GPS to assess pelvic asymmetry in young adults in a clinical setting. The second part of the study primarily aimed to explore the association between pelvic asymmetry parameters and NCLBP occurrences in young adults by using a binary logistic regression model. It was hypothesized that the GPS was sufficiently reliable to assess pelvic postural asymmetry and that pelvic postural asymmetry was related to the occurrence of NCLBP.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e2.1 Sample population\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants were recruited from the staff and student populations of Sun Yat-sen University. The inclusion criteria for the NCLBP group were as follows: 1) age between 18 and 30; 2) diagnosis of NCLBP lasting more than 3 months; 3) pain score greater than 2 on the numerical rating scale (NRS) in both static (i.e., lying, sitting, or standing) and dynamic situations (i.e., moving or walking) was defined as the presence of LBP; 4) no \u003cu\u003ereferred\u003c/u\u003e symptoms of radiating pain below the knee, or paresthesia during straight-leg raise test (26); and 5) no radiographic evidence of congenital anomalies of the lumbosacral region. The exclusion criteria for the NCLBP group were as follows: 1) presence of scoliosis as assessed by the Adam\u0026rsquo;s forward bend test (27) ; 2) history of fracture or surgery in the pelvic or spinal area; 3) history of a neurological disorder or on regular medications; 4) Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score of \u0026lt;26;and 5) pregnancy. Healthy individuals who were matched for age, sex, and education level were recruited as controls. This study included participants with a minimum NRS score of 2 because part of the study aimed to obtain clinical information to potentially facilitate the early identification of low back pain. Thus, a slightly lower pain score was adopted as inclusion criteria. It was also for pragmatic reason to increase the sample size and enhance the statistical power.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2 Ethics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval of this study was obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University (ETHICS No.[2019]206). An information sheet was provided to all participants prior to enrolment of the study. Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.3 Study settings and instruments\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe present study was conducted in the postural examination room in the Rehabilitation Outpatient Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. The bespoke GPS 5.0 software was adopted for photo acquisition and postural analysis. The GPS hardware comprised of two aluminium, vertical bars with rulers on the sides, a plumb line for postural reference, and an adjustable mirror on the top that was attached to a stable platform (Figure 1). Two reference lines and four footprints facing different directions were used to calibrate the platform and enable consistent positioning of the feet. To set the scale of the lines, the horizontal distance between two vertical lines on the frame with rulers was recorded as 40 cm. A 1-m-tall digital camera with 2 megapixels (Logitech Pro C920; Logitech, China) was positioned 2.5 m away from the participant. The participant stood barefoot on the platform in undergarments while his or her posture was captured by the digital camera.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.4 Data collection procedure\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrior to commencing postural assessment, participants\u0026rsquo; characteristics, of age, sex, education level, medication status, history of NCLBP in the past year, history of any other disease, and time spent on general physical exercise per week, were recorded in a demographic information sheet. The centres of the anatomical landmarks were first marked by the assessors using red stickers. The selected anatomical landmarks were the bilateral anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS), greater trochanter, tuberositas tibiae and midpoint of the patella. Postures were captured from the anterior, posterior and left/right lateral views (Figure 1). During the postural examination, participants were asked to keep their usual body posture with their eyes looking straight ahead.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eReliability\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor within-day inter-rater reliability of the GPS, healthy participants received a postural assessment by two different testers separately (tester A and tester B) during the first visit. Each tester was required to identify the anatomical landmarks and apply the red sticker at the centre of each landmark. The sequence of assessments by the two testers was randomized. Tester A then repeated the postural assessment procedure one week later to establish the intra-rater reliability. The two testers were trained by an experienced therapist who was not directly involved in the study. The two raters were not aware of the group allocation of each participant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePelvic postural assessment for\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e the\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e NCLBP group\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eParticipants in the NCLBP group received the GPS assessment by tester A on one occasion. The pelvic postural parameters that were included in the data analysis were: 1) the left/right anterior pelvic tilt angle; 2) the left/right distance between the ASIS and the midline; 3) the left/right height of the ASIS from the platform; and 4) the left/right Q angle (see Figure 1). The photo analyser module of GPS 5.0 software required the anatomical landmark to be manually confirmed from the recorded image by the assessor in order to calculate the parameter. This procedure was repeated 3 times to obtain the mean of each parameter. The mean values were used for data analysis and the calculation of pelvic asymmetry ratios. Similar to the methods used by Gnat and Bialy (8), the pelvic asymmetry ratios of each parameter were calculated first by dividing the parameter of the left side by the parameter of the right side to obtain a relative ratio between the two sides. Then, 1 was subtracted from this ratio to normalize the ratio. The equation that was used to quantify pelvic asymmetry is as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAsymmetry ratio (%) =\u003cem\u003e|\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e (left pelvic postural parameter / right pelvic postural parameter) \u0026ndash; 1 \u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e| \u003c/em\u003ex 100\u003cem\u003e.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe pelvic asymmetry ratios that were calculated are: 1) the Q angle asymmetry ratio (QAR); 2) the height of the PSIS from the platform asymmetry ratio (PHAR); 3) the distance of the PSIS from the platform asymmetry ratio (PDAR); 4) the height of the ASIS from the platform asymmetry ratio (AHAR); 5) the distance between the ASIS and the midline asymmetry ratio (ADAR); and 6) the pelvic tilt angle asymmetry ratio in the sagittal plane (PTAR).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.5 Data analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll statistical analyses were conducted in SPSS ver 20.0 software (IBM SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). Statistical significance was set at \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0.050. The sample characteristics were analysed by descriptive statistics. For the reliability analysis, relative reliability was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). As repeated measurements were recorded for each parameter, this study employed the ICC(2,k) model for the inter-rater reliability and ICC(3,k) model for the intra-rater reliability. ICC levels were interpreted as follows: Excellent: \u0026gt; 0.75; Good to Fair: 0.74 \u0026ndash; 0.40; and Poor: \u0026lt; 0.40 (28). Absolute reliability was determined by the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable difference (MDD\u003csub\u003e95\u003c/sub\u003e) (29). The MDD\u003csub\u003e95\u003c/sub\u003e corresponds to the upper bound of the random variation that 95% of stable patients generate when tested on multiple occasions (30). The formula for MDD\u003csub\u003e95\u003c/sub\u003e is MDD=1.96*SEM* (30). The pelvic asymmetry ratios are the ratio of pelvic postural parameters between left and right sides, which are affected by the measured values of the pelvic postural parameters.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo identify the relationship between pelvic asymmetry and NCLBP, the differences in the demographic variables (including age, height, weight, BMI, duration of exercise per week), pelvic postural parameters and pelvic asymmetry parameters between groups were tested using an independent \u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e-test. A stepwise logistic regression analysis with a forward conditional method was employed to explore the association between pelvic asymmetry and NCLBP. Before testing this model, a bivariate Pearson correlation was performed to test the relationships between age, BMI, height, weight and the pelvic asymmetry parameters. The relationships between the occurrence of NCLBP and the other variables (including the BMI, height, weight and pelvic asymmetry parameters) were explored by Spearman correlation with the occurrences of NCLBP as ordinal data (the participants with NCLBP were marked as 1, and the controls were marked as 0). Adapting the methods used in the previous study (31), the age, BMI, height, weight, and pelvic asymmetry parameters were used as the independent variables in the logistic regression analysis.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e3.1 Participants\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of fifty-six participants were recruited. Twenty-eight healthy participants (13 females and 15 males) who never experienced low back pain were recruited for the reliability analysis and as controls. Twenty-eight (14 females and 14 males) participants who reported experiencing chronic low back pain were included in the NCLBP group. The sample characteristics of both cohorts are presented in Table 1. Both groups were matched for age, height, weight and education levels with normal or corrected-to-normal visual acuity. No participants had a history of a neurological disorder, mental disorder or regular medication. Participants in the NCLBP group had a statistically higher BMI than those in the control group (\u003cem\u003ep \u003c/em\u003e= 0.03).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.2 Reliability\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eModerate to excellent ICCs were observed for within-day inter-rater and between-day intra-rater reliability of all parameters. Among all the parameters, the lowest ICC values were observed for the distance between the PSIS and the midline for both inter- and intra-rater reliability. Eight parameters were observed to have a lower bound of the confidence interval less than the acceptable lower bound of 0.75 for inter-rater reliability (32). For intra-rater reliability, lower bound of the confidence interval for six parameters was less than 0.75; the ICC values, SEM and MDD\u003csub\u003e95\u003c/sub\u003e for intra-rater reliability were higher than those for inter-rater reliability across all parameters. The SEM for all pelvic postural assessments ranged from 0.38 to 2.28 for inter-rater reliability and from 0.32 to 2.02 for intra-rater reliability. The MDD\u003csub\u003e95\u003c/sub\u003e for all pelvic postural assessments ranged from 1.26 to 6.31 for inter-rater reliability and from 1.12 to 5.59 for intra-rater reliability. Table 2 presents the results of all reliability indices for inter- and intra-rater reliability of all the pelvic postural parameters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.3 Pelvic postural parameters\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results of the descriptive statistics of the pelvic postural parameters for both groups are presented in Table 3. Independent \u003cem\u003et\u003c/em\u003e-tests revealed that between-group differences were not statistically significant in all pelvic postural parameters (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026gt;0.05), except for the distance from the left PSIS to the midline (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.04). The between-group differences for the asymmetry ratios of the pelvic tilt angle in the sagittal plane (PTAR), the Q angle (QAR), the distance between the ASIS and the midline (ADAR), and the distance between the PSIS and the midline (PDAR) were significant (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05). The asymmetry ratios of the height of the ASIS from the midline (AHAR) and between the PSIS and the midline (PHAR) were not significant (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026gt;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.4 Logistic regression\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe binary correlations between age, BMI, height, weight, pelvic asymmetry parameters and occurrence of low back pain are shown in Table 4. The results of the bivariate correlation indicated that age, BMI and several pelvic asymmetry parameters were related to the occurrence of NCLBP. In the regression model, only BMI (B=0.48, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.05, odds ratio (OR)=1.62), PTAR (B=0.15, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.02, OR=1.17), and PDAR (B=0.19, \u003cem\u003ep=\u003c/em\u003e0.02, OR=1.21) were found to be significant factors for NCLBP (Table 5). One person in the healthy group had larger PTAR than the mean PTAR in NCLBP group. Nine participants in the NCLBP group had smaller PTAR than the mean PTAR of the control group. For the PDAR, no participants in the control group had larger asymmetry than the mean PDAR of the NCLBP group. Five participants with NCLBP had lower PDAR than the mean PDAR of the NCLBP group. Other factors including age, height, weight, QAR, AHAR, ADAR, and PHAR were not significant factors.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe current study investigated if the GPS was a reliable method for pelvic postural assessment when used in the clinical setting. It also explored the associations between pelvic asymmetry and the occurrence of NCLBP in the young adult population. The results of this study indicated that GPS was a reliable method for postural assessment. PTAR and PDAR were factors associated with NCLBP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.1 Reliability\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results of the present study indicated moderate to excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability for distance variables surrounding the pelvis assessed by the GPS, except for the distance between the PSIS and the midline. These results were consistent with those reported in published studies (21, 24, 25). A common issue related to the reliability of photographic pelvic posture assessments is the repositioning of markers between measurement sessions. The repositioning of markers at the centre of the ASIS and PSIS is particularly problematic due to the anatomical characteristics of these two points (21). This study observed that the horizontal distances (distance between the ASIS and the midline; distance between the PSIS and the midline) had lower ICC values than the vertical distances (distance between the ASIS and the platform; distance between the PSIS and the platform). A potential reason for this observation is that the ICC values tend to be affected by the spread of the data (33). The distances between the ASIS/PSIS to the midline are shorter than the distances between the ASIS/PSIS and the platform. Thus, the small range of the data may contribute to low ICC values. Parameters that involved the ASIS and PSIS also have higher MDD\u003csub\u003e95\u003c/sub\u003e and SEM values for inter-rater reliability than for intra-rater reliability, suggesting more measurement errors occur in assessments between individuals than in assessments within individuals. Muscle contractions and excessive soft tissue surrounding the pelvis made it difficult to locate the PSIS and ASIS landmarks (21, 25). This issue did not appear to be improved by thorough training prior to the data collections, which in theory should reduce the landmark repositioning error. The anatomical angle assessed by the GPS showed good to excellent inter- and intra-rater reliability. A previous study on intra-rater reliability reported an ICC of 0.84 and an SEM of 2.48 degrees and an ICC of 0.89 and an SEM of 2.16 degrees for pelvic tilt angle and Q angle, respectively (21). For inter-rater reliability, a previous study reported an ICC of 0.43 and an SEM of 3.99 on the right and an ICC of 0.49 and an SEM of 4.24 degrees on the left for the pelvic tilt angle. An ICC of 0.84 and an SEM of 2.83 degrees on the right and an ICC of 0.89 and an SEM of 2.16 degrees on the left was reported for the Q angle (25). The smaller SEM values observed in the present study compared with previous studies indicates that the GPS has less measurement error that previous methods when measuring angle parameters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.2 The relationship between pelvic asymmetry and NCLBP\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSignificant between-group differences in PTAR, QAR, ADAR and PDAR were observed, which may suggest that asymmetry parameters relate to the occurrence of NCLBP in young adults. The present study did not observe a significant difference in pelvic asymmetry parameters in the frontal plane (AHAR and PHAR) between the two cohorts. This result suggests that asymmetry in the frontal plane is unlikely to be associated with the occurrence of NCLBP. These findings are supported by Levangie (4), who also reported pelvic asymmetry in the frontal plane was not positively related to the occurrence of NCLBP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe logistic regression model suggested that BMI was significantly related to the NCLBP occurrence, which was supported by the findings of previous studies (34-36) that suggested overweight and high BMI increase tissue stress around the lumbar spine (34). However, the finding that BMI was a factor associated with NCLBP occurrence must be interpreted with caution. This is because of the small actual difference in BMI observed between the NCLBP and the control group, and no participants in either group had the BMI beyond \u0026ldquo;normal\u0026rdquo; BMI classification. Despite published literature that reported association between BMI and NCLBP, the absolute difference in BMI was often very small, ranging between 0.59 (37) and 1.5 (38). The small differences in BMI cast some doubts on the relationship between BMI and NCLBP.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSeveral studies have reported that anatomical variations of the lumbosacral and sacroiliac joints may also lead to pelvic asymmetries (39, 40). The results of logistic regression analysis also reported that PTAR and PDAR were significant factors for NCLBP. The asymmetrical biomechanics of the articular surface of the lumbosacral and sacroiliac joints may increase one-sided muscle activity and subsequently lead to the occurrence of CLBP (41). Previous studies showed that anterior pelvic tilt angle was associated with LBP because an increased anterior pelvic tilt could increase the strain of soft tissue in the lumbar region (36, 42, 43). The standard deviation of anterior pelvic tilt angle in the NCLBP group observed in this study was higher than the standard deviation of 4.697 previously reported (36). The larger standard deviation observed in the present study is likely to be related to the smaller sample group. Existing studies that investigated the impact of unilateral and bilateral dominant sports on pelvic torsion (pelvic rotation in the sagittal plane) reported that people who participated in unilateral dominant sports had a greater prevalence of pelvic asymmetry than those who participated in bilateral dominant sports and non-athlete groups. Bussey (12) found that athletes who engaged in bilateral dominant activities (e.g., running and cycling) showed decreased pelvic asymmetry (including lateral pelvic tilt and pelvic torsion) and lower rates of low back pain than those who engaged in unilateral dominant activities (e.g., hockey). Early literature proposed that pelvic torsion caused positional changes to one or both innominate bones of the sacroiliac joint (4). The alteration of an innominate position may increase the stress to surrounding soft tissues because it is less efficient to dissipate the force from caudal or cephalad directions (4). The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that only PTAR and PDAR were significant factors for the occurrence of NCLBP and that AHAR and PHAR were not significant factors. This finding is a novel finding of the present study since the existing study mostly focused on assessing pelvic asymmetry in predominantly lateral pelvic tilt or pelvic torsion calculated by both the height and the width of the ASIS and PSIS. Previous studies showed that the pelvic asymmetry ratio would increase when the participant experienced not only pelvic torsion but also lateral pelvic tilt(44). These findings indicated that the ratio or difference in the height between the left and right ASIS and PSIS could not specifically detect the predominant type of pelvic asymmetry (lateral pelvic tilt or pelvic torsion) for mixed pelvic asymmetry. Therefore, pelvic asymmetry may better be assessed by methods, such as the one proposed by Gnat and Bialy (8), that take into consideration the angular measurement and the ratio of the pelvis size to detect pelvic asymmetry in the sagittal plane.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.3 Limitations\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings of the study should be interpreted with caution due to the limitations. Although BMI was found to be associated with pelvic asymmetry, the between-group difference in BMI was small. However, the difference in BMI between healthy \u003cu\u003eindividuals\u003c/u\u003e and people with low back pain observed in this study was similar with published studies that investigated risk factor of low back pain (37, 38). It is currently unclear if the small difference may be of clinical significance. The sample size was not power calculated and is likely to contain type two error and contribute to the significant between-group difference in BMI. Despite the statistically significant association between PTAR (pelvic asymmetry in the sagittal plane) and PDAR (pelvic asymmetry in the transverse plane) and the occurrence of NCLBP, the small odds ratio of PTAR (1.17) and PDAR (1.21) limited the interpretation of asymmetry from these two parameters. These two significant asymmetry parameters may not be clinically meaningful, and their roles in NCLBP remains unclear. The present study adopted a cross-sectional design, therefore causality cannot be inferred. Due to the small association between asymmetry parameters and LBP observed in the present study, future longitudinal studies are recommended to confirm the association between pelvic asymmetry in the sagittal plane/pelvic asymmetry in the transverse plane and LBP occurrence. The reliability of the GPS was only tested in the healthy group. This was because that it could not ascertain if people with NCLBP would have reproducible posture when measured with the GPS. Thus the first step was to establish the reliability of the device in the healthy population. Future study is recommended to explore the reliability for GPS in the NCLBP group. The interpretation of the results may not be generalized to patients who age outside the 20 to 27 range. The GPS in the present study employed the skin markers on pelvic bones to assess the pelvic parameters. Even though previous study showed acceptable validity (23) of the photographic assessment systems, skin markers on pelvic bones seem to have an impact on the pelvic parameters. The future study should also investigate the GPS validity. The camera used in the present study only had a 2 megapixel lens, which was likely to increase the measurement errors. Future studies could utilize higher resolution lenses to assess body posture.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study demonstrated an acceptable level of reliability of the GPS to assess pelvic posture asymmetry. However, not all pelvic asymmetry variables demonstrated the same level of reliability. It is currently unclear whether the observed reliability may be sufficient to identify intervention-induced changes in the symmetry ratio. Despite the pelvic tilt angle asymmetry ratio in the sagittal plane and the distance between the PSIS and the midline in the frontal plane were significantly associated with the occurrence of NCLBP, however, the associations were small which suggested a limited potential role of pelvic asymmetry may play in NCLBP occurrence\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval of this study was obtained from the First Affiliated Hospital at Sun Yat-sen University (ETHICS No.[2019]206). Written informed consent was obtained from all of the participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eConsent to publish\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWritten informed consent for patient information and images to be published was provided by the participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCompeting interests \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declared no conflict of interest associated with the work presented in this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFunding \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research project was supported by Guangdong Province Medical Science Technology Research Grant (grant number A2019452); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81772434, 81971224); and the Special Fund for Science and Technology of the Industry-University-Research Cooperative Innovation of Guangzhou, China (grant number 201704020122).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contribution \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors have read and approved the final manuscript. All authors meet the four primary ICMJE criteria for authorship. In addition, all authors have been actively involved in the study in different capacities: QY and HH designed the study and conducted all stages of the study including data collection, analysis, interpretation, and drafting of the manuscript. ZZ, XH, WL, LL, MC, ZL participated in the design of research protocol, recruitment and data analysis. WLAL and CW revised the manuscript, interpreted the data and managed the trial.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is available from the authors upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eData statement\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dataset supporting the conclusions of this article is available from the authors upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thank the participants who gave up their time for this study and all the clinical and research staff members of the institute for their tremendous support during the course of the research.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003ctable style=\"border: none;width:381.25pt;border-collapse:collapse;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);'\u003eADAR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe distance between the ASIS and the midline asymmetry ratio\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eAHAR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe height of the ASIS from the platform asymmetry ratio\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eASIS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eAnterior superior iliac spine\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eBMI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eBody mass index\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eGPS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eGlobal Postural System\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eICC\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eIntraclass correlation coefficient\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLBP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLow back pain\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.25in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eMDD\u003csub\u003e95\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.25in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eMinimal detectable difference\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eNCLBP\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eNon-specific chronic low back pain\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eNRS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eNumerical rating scale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eOR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eOdds ratio\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePDAR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe height of the PSIS from the platform asymmetry ratio\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePHAR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe height of the PSIS from the platform asymmetry ratio\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePSIS\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePosterior superior iliac spine\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePTAR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe pelvic tilt angle asymmetry ratio in the sagittal plane\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eQAR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:.2in;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eQ angle asymmetry ratio\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:55.85pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eSEM\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:325.4pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eStandard error of measurement\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManchikanti L, Singh V, Datta S, Cohen SP, Hirsch JA, American Society of Interventional Pain P. Comprehensive review of epidemiology, scope, and impact of spinal pain. Pain Physician. 2009;12(4):E35-70.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSaragiotto BT, Maher CG, Yamato TP, Costa LO, Menezes Costa LC, Ostelo RW, et al. Motor control exercise for chronic non-specific low-back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016(1):CD012004.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCuenca-Martinez F, Cortes-Amador S, Espi-Lopez GV. Effectiveness of classic physical therapy proposals for chronic non-specific low back pain: a literature review. Phys Ther Res. 2018;21(1):16-22.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLevangie PK. The association between static pelvic asymmetry and low back pain. Spine. 1999;24(12):1234-42.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFann AV. The prevalence of postural asymmetry in people with and without chronic low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2002;83(12):1736-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAl-Eisa E, Egan D, Deluzio K, Wassersug R. 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Footedness: asymmetries in foot preference and skill and neuropsychological assessment of foot movement. Psychological Bulletin. 1988;103(2):179.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBussey MD. Does the demand for asymmetric functional lower body postures in lateral sports relate to structural asymmetry of the pelvis? J Sci Med Sport. 2010;13(3):360-4.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKurki HK. Bilateral Asymmetry in the Human Pelvis. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2017;300(4):653-65.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGelber JD, Soloff L Fau - Schickendantz MS, Schickendantz MS. The Thrower's Shoulder. (1940-5480 (Electronic)).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAl-Eisa E, Egan D, Deluzio K, Wassersug R. Effects of pelvic skeletal asymmetry on trunk movement: three-dimensional analysis in healthy individuals versus patients with mechanical low back pain. Spine. 2006;31(3):E71-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRiegger-Krugh C, Keysor JJ. Skeletal malalignments of the lower quarter: correlated and compensatory motions and postures. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy. 1996;23(2):164-70.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSorensen CJ, Johnson MB, Norton BJ, Callaghan JP, Van Dillen LR. Asymmetry of lumbopelvic movement patterns during active hip abduction is a risk factor for low back pain development during standing. Hum Mov Sci. 2016;50:38-46.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWunderlich M, Ruther T, Essfeld D, Erren TC, Piekarski C, Leyk D. A new approach to assess movements and isometric postures of spine and trunk at the workplace. Eur Spine J. 2011;20(8):1393-402.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBrink Y, Louw Q, Grimmer-Somers K. The quality of evidence of psychometric properties of three-dimensional spinal posture-measuring instruments. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011;12:93.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHazar Z, Karabicak GO, Tiftikci U. Reliability of photographic posture analysis of adolescents. 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Quantifying paraspinal muscle tone and stiffness in young adults with chronic low back pain: a reliability study. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):14343.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePortney L, Watkins M. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. . Norwalk: Appleton \u0026amp; Lange; 2000.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMasaki M, Aoyama T, Murakami T, Yanase K, Ji X, Tateuchi H, et al. Association of low back pain with muscle stiffness and muscle mass of the lumbar back muscles, and sagittal spinal alignment in young and middle-aged medical workers. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2017;49:128-33.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLee J, Koh D, Ong CN. Statistical evaluation of agreement between two methods for measuring a quantitative variable. Computers in biology and medicine. 1989;19(1):61-70.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRankin G, Stokes M. Reliability of assessment tools in rehabilitation: an illustration of appropriate statistical analyses. Clin Rehabil. 1998;12(3):187-99.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeuch I, Heuch I, Hagen K, Zwart JA. Body mass index as a risk factor for developing chronic low back pain: a follow-up in the Nord-Trondelag Health Study. Spine. 2013;38(2):133-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShiri R, Karppinen J, Leino-Arjas P, Solovieva S, Viikari-Juntura E. The association between obesity and low back pain: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171(2):135-54.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKrol A, Polak M, Szczygiel E, Wojcik P, Gleb K. Relationship between mechanical factors and pelvic tilt in adults with and without low back pain. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 2017;30(4):699-705.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eŞimşek Ş, Yağcı N, Şenol H. Prevalence of and risk factors for low back pain among healthcare workers in Denizli. Agri : Agri (Algoloji) Dernegi'nin Yayin organidir = The journal of the Turkish Society of Algology. 2017;29(2):71-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSions JM, Elliott JM, Pohlig RT, Hicks GE. Trunk Muscle Characteristics of the Multifidi, Erector Spinae, Psoas, and Quadratus Lumborum in Older Adults With and Without Chronic Low Back Pain. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy. 2017;47(3):173-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJancuska JM, Spivak JM, Bendo JA. A Review of Symptomatic Lumbosacral Transitional Vertebrae: Bertolotti's Syndrome. International journal of spine surgery. 2015;9:42.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMahato NK. Asymmetric sacroiliac joint anatomy in partial lumbosacral transitional variations: Potential impact on clinical testing in sacral dysfunctions. Medical hypotheses. 2019;124:110-3.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMahato NK. Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae: variations in low back structure, biomechanics, and stress patterns. Journal of chiropractic medicine. 2012;11(2):134-5.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTaniguchi M, Tateuchi H, Ibuki S, Ichihashi N. Relative mobility of the pelvis and spine during trunk axial rotation in chronic low back pain patients: A case-control study. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0186369.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaird RA, Gilbert J, Kent P, Keating JL. Comparing lumbo-pelvic kinematics in people with and without back pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:229.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEgan DA, Cole J, Twomey L. An Alternative Method for the Measurement of Pelvic Skeletal Asymmetry (PSA) Using an Asymmetry Ratio (AR). Journal of Manual \u0026amp; Manipulative Therapy. 1999;7(1):11-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003ctable style=\"width:6.15in;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 147.15pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.7pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.7pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eNCLBP(n=28)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eMean ( SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 23.7pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eControl(n=28)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eMean ( SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:63.8pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:23.7pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e, \u003cem\u003ep value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:61.75pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:23.7pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e95% CI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:147.15pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eAge (years, Mean ( SD))\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e22.21 (2.53)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e22.61 (1.85)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=0.663, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-0.8,1.58\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:147.15pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eHeight (cm, Mean ( SD))\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e166.82 (7.98)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e168.32 (8.46)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=0.682, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-2.91,5.91\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:147.15pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eWeight (kg, Mean ( SD))\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e59.22 (9.35)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e56.36 (10.51)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-1.076, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.29\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-8.19,2.47\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:147.15pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eBMI (kg/m^2, Mean ( SD))\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e21.15 (2.16)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e19.77 (2.51)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-2.219, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.03\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-2.64,-0.13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:147.15pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eGeneral exercise duration per week (hour, Mean ( SD))\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.56 (0.52)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.47 (0.49)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-0.662, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:68.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-0.36,0.18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:147.15pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eNRS (static, Mean ( SD))\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e2.85 (0.76)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e‒\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:63.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e‒\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61.75pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 21.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:147.15pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eNRS (dynamic, Mean ( SD))\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e3.82 (1.16)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e‒\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:63.8pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:21.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e‒\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 61.75pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 21.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:12px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;font-style:italic;line-height:150%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif; font-style: normal;'\u003eTable 1: The characteristics of the two groups of participants. Keys: BMI: body mass index; NRS: numerical rating scale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 108%;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:16.48%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:2.95pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:2.95pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:37.76%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:2.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eInter-rater reliability\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:26.82%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:2.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eIntra-rater reliability\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:2.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:16.48%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eICC (95% CI)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eSEM\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eMDD\u003csub\u003e95\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:-.9pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;text-indent:.9pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eICC (95% CI)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eSEM\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eMDD\u003csub\u003e95\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:16.48%;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eAnterior pelvis tilt angle\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.76 (0.48,0.89)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e2.28\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e6.31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.83(0.63,0.92)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:8.02%;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e2.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:9.66%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e5.59\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:35.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:35.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.77 (0.50,0.90)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:35.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e2.15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:35.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e5.95\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:35.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.78 (0.53,0.90)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:35.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e2.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:35.3pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e5.55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:16.48%;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eQ angle\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.78 (0.52,0.90)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.83\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e5.06\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.89 (0.77,0.95)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.48\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e4.10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.74 (0.44,0.88)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.82\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e5.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.79 (0.54,0.90)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.80\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e4.98\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:16.48%;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe height of the ASIS from the platform\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.96 (0.92,0.98)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.35\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e3.74\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.99 (0.97,0.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.79\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e2.20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.97 (0.92,0.98)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e3.52\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.98 (0.97,0.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.85\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e2.37\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:16.48%;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe distance between the ASIS and the midline\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.77 (0.50,0.89)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.59\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.62\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.87 (0.72,0.94)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.48\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:29.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.33\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.77 (0.24,0.91)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.63\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.76\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.95 (0.89,0.98)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.88\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:16.48%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe height of the PSIS from the platform\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.94 (0.88,0.97)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.71\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e4.74\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.99 (0.98,0.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.67\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:27.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.85\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.94 (0.87,0.97)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.70\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e4.72\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.99 (0.98,0.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.69\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.90\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:16.48%;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe distance between the PSIS and the midline\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.72 (0.40,0.87)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.38\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.07\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.73 (0.42,0.88)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.45\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:28.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.94%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.84%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.68 (0.33,0.85)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.64%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.46\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:11.28%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.26\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:19.14%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.71 (0.37,0.86)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.68%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.40\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:10.0%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.85pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border:none;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:12px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;font-style:italic;line-height:150%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif; font-style: normal;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:12px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;font-style:italic;line-height:150%;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif; font-style: normal;'\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;2: ICCs and\u0026nbsp;absolute\u0026nbsp;reliability for inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of all the pelvic postural variables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 115%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 5.1e+2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.65pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width:368.55pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eMean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 56.7pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in;height: 18.15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width:212.65pt;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: .6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eControl Group\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eNCLBP Group\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e, \u003cem\u003ep value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e95% CI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eTester A\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eTester B: first time\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eTester B: second time\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eTester A\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:85.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eAnterior pelvis tilt angle\u0026nbsp;(\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e21.04 (4.48)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e21.04 (4.80)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e21.36 (5.10)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e22.29 (6.83)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-0.809, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:19.05pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-4.35,1.85\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e21.07 (4.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e21.25 (4.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e20.75 (4.53)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e22.43 (7.06)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-0.831, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.41\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-4.63,1.92\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:85.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eQ angle (\u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e20.00 (3.45)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e21.00 (4.24)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e21.21 (4.67)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e19.64 (7.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=0.217, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.83\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-2.94,3.65\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e19.93 (3.24)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e20.57 (3.87)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e21.25 (3.89)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e19.50 (7.97)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=0.263, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.79\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-2.83,3.69\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:85.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe height of the ASIS from the platform (cm)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e103.16 (6.92)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e102.76 (6.91)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e102.70 (7.00)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e100.11 (18.27)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=0.826, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.41\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-4.35,10.45\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e103.25 (6.81)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e103.00 (6.76)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e102.76 (6.75)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e100.30 (17.96)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=0.812, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-4.33,10.23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:85.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe distance between the ASIS and the midline (cm)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e14.44 (1.09)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e14.45 (1.35)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e14.46 (1.33)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e14.43 (1.55)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=0.030, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.98\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-0.71,0.73\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e14.73 (1.25)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e15.54 (1.42)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e15.45 (1.37)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e14.76 (1.74)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-0.71, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.94\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-0.84,0.78\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:85.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe height of the PSIS from the platform (cm)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e110.41 (7.51)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e109.46 (6.96)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e109.65 (6.41)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e110.68 (6.88)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-0.141, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.89\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-4.13,3.59\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e110.56 (7.40)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e109.41 (6.86)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e109.43 (6.21)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e110.66 (6.87)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-0.049, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.96\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-3.92,3.73\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:85.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eThe distance between the PSIS and the midline (cm)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eLeft\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e5.52 (0.73)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e5.68 (0.72)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e5.79 (1.03)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e6.28 (1.67)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-2.194,\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;p\u003c/em\u003e=0.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-1.32,0.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eRight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e5.48 (0.83)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; 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font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-1.416, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-0.9,0.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eADAR (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e3.7 (3.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e7.5 (3.7)_\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-3.825, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-5.8,-1.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePHAR (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.4 (0.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.4 (0.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=0.679, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.50\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-0.1,0.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:85.65pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePDAR (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:28.35pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e6.3 (4.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.85pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:70.9pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:77.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e21.8 (17.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.6pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:.6pt .6pt 0in .6pt;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003et\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e=-4.570, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:56.7pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:18.15pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-22.4,-8.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:-57.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;font-size:12px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;font-style:italic;text-align:justify;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif; font-style: normal;'\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;3: Means and standard deviations (SDs) of all pelvic postural variables and pelvic asymmetry parameters. Keys: ASIS \u0026ndash; anterior superior iliac spine; PSIS - posterior superior iliac spine; PTAR - pelvic tilt angle asymmetry ratio in the sagittal plane; QAR - Q angle asymmetry ratio; AHAR - height of the ASIS from the platform asymmetry ratio; ADAR - distance between the ASIS and the midline asymmetry ratio; PHAR - height of the PSIS from the platform asymmetry ratio; PDAR \u0026ndash; distance between the PSIS and the platform asymmetry ratio.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:21.25pt;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;text-indent:-21.25pt;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:21.25pt;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:justify;text-indent:-21.25pt;'\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 6.2e+2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 127.6pt;border-top: 1pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;background: white;padding: 0in;height: 15.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 39.35pt;border-top: 1pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;background: white;padding: 0in;height: 15.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.9pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.9pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eAge\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;background: white;padding: 0in;height: 15.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.9pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.9pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eHeight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;background: white;padding: 0in;height: 15.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.9pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.9pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eWeight\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;background: white;padding: 0in;height: 15.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.9pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.9pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eBMI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;background: white;padding: 0in;height: 15.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.9pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.9pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePTAR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;background: white;padding: 0in;height: 15.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.9pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.9pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eQAR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 44.95pt;border-top: 1pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;background: white;padding: 0in;height: 15.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.9pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.9pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eAHAR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45.05pt;border-top: 1pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;background: white;padding: 0in;height: 15.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:2.9pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:2.9pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; 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line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:45.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:16.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e.495**\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:45.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:16.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e-.125\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:45.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:16.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e.535**\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:45.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;height:16.45pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u0026mdash;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eTable 4: The binary correlations between age, BMI, pelvic asymmetry parameters and the occurrence of low back pain. *denotes \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.05; ** denotes \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.01; a denotes the relationships between the occurrence of NCLBP and other variables as explored by Spearman correlation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 97%;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:12.56%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eDependent variables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:16.02%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eIndependent variables\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:23.06%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eNon-stand partial regression coefficient\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.02%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:14.4%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eOR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:25.94%;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.35pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e95% confidence interval\u0026nbsp;for odds ratio\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:12.56%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:16.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:23.06%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:14.4%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.92%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003elower\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eupper\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width:12.56%;border:none;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:16.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eBMI\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:23.06%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.48\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.05\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:14.4%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.62\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.92%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.00\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e2.63\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:16.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePTAR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:23.06%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:14.4%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.92%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:16.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:16.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;background:white;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:18.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003ePDAR\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:23.06%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:18.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:8.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:18.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e0.02\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:14.4%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:18.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:7.92%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:18.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.04\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:18.02%;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:18.4pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003e1.42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif;'\u003eTable 5: Results of the stepwise logistic regression analysis with a\u0026nbsp;forward selection\u0026nbsp;method\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size: 16px; line-height: 150%; font-family: \"Times New Roman\", serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);'\u003e. \u003cem\u003ea\u003c/em\u003e denotes that \u003cem\u003ep\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eis equal to\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;0.052\u003c/em\u003e,\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ewhich is marginally significant\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-musculoskeletal-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmsd","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders](http://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://author-welcome.nature.com/12891","title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"pelvic asymmetry, low back pain, photographic assessment, pelvic posture","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15467/v5","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-15467/v5","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e Empirical evidence that demonstrates the relationship between pelvic asymmetry and non-specific chronic low back pain (NCLBP) is currently lacking. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective:\u003c/strong\u003e To establish the reliability of the Global Postural System (GPS) in assessing pelvic asymmetry and identify the association between pelvic asymmetry parameters and the occurrence of NCLBP in young adults.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesign: \u003c/strong\u003eA cross-sectional, regression study. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e People who were aged between 18 and 30 and were diagnosed with NCLBP were recruited. Healthy individuals who were matched for age, sex, and education level were recruited as controls. Global Postural System (GPS) was employed to assess pelvic asymmetry. Prior to exploring the association, the reliability of GPS was assessed by the ICC (2, k) for interrater reliability, ICC (3, k) for intra-rater reliability, standard error and minimal detectable difference. Bivariate correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between pelvic asymmetry and the occurrence of NCLBP.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Twenty-eight healthy participants and 28 people with NCLBP were recruited. Moderate to excellent ICCs were observed for the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of most postural parameters. The bivariate correlation analysis indicated that age, body mass index and pelvic asymmetry parameters were related to the occurrence of NCLBP. Pelvic angle asymmetry (odds ratio=1.17), and asymmetry of the distance between the posterior superior iliac spine and the floor (odds ratio=1.21) were associated with NCLBP.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLimitation:\u003c/strong\u003e This study did not explore the causal relationship between pelvic asymmetry in the sagittal plane/pelvic asymmetry in the transverse plane and the occurrence of NCLBP. The interpretation of the results may not be generalized beyond the sample population.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions: \u003c/strong\u003eThe GPS is a reliable method to assess pelvic asymmetry in a clinical setting. Two pelvic parameters were associated with the presence of NLBP. Measurement of pelvic asymmetry may assist in the early identification of potential occurrence of NCLBP but further work is required.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The association between pelvic asymmetry and non-specific chronic low back pain as assessed by the Global Postural System.\u0026nbsp;","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":5,"date":"2020-08-28 15:40:54","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15467/v5","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-08-26T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"decision","content":"Accept","date":"2020-08-26T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-08-25T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-08-24T23:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-musculoskeletal-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmsd","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders](http://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://author-welcome.nature.com/12891","title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":4,"date":"2020-08-20 14:33:22","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15467/v4","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-08-18T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-08-17T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-08-17T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-musculoskeletal-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmsd","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders](http://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://author-welcome.nature.com/12891","title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":3,"date":"2020-07-29 23:47:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15467/v3","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor revision","date":"2020-08-07T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-07-22T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-07-21T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-07-21T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-musculoskeletal-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmsd","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders](http://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://author-welcome.nature.com/12891","title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":2,"date":"2020-06-08 15:09:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15467/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor revision","date":"2020-07-15T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-07-06T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept without revision\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nThanks for the response from the authors.\nThe authors have answered very convincingly all referee's concerns. I found the work suitable for publication.* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **Yes**\n* Are the methods appropriate and well described?: **Yes**\n* Does the work include the necessary controls?: **Yes**\n* Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the data shown?: **Yes**\n* Are you able to assess any statistics in the manuscript or would you recommend an additional statistical review?: **I am able to assess the statistics**\n* Quality of written English: **Acceptable**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interests.**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please do not publish my name with my report. (default)**\n"},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-06-26T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept after minor essential revisions\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nPlease include all comments for the authors in this box rather than uploading your report as an attachment. Please only upload as attachments annotated versions of manuscripts, graphs, supporting materials or other aspects of your report which cannot be included in a text format.\nPlease overwrite this text when adding your comments to the authors.\n\nI want to thank the authors for your thoughtful edits to your manuscript. You have addressed many of the key issues that the editorial staff pointed out from the original manuscript.\nIntroduction:\nLine 69: delete symptom after compression.\nLine 91 insert may between tissues and subsequently since we don't know this for sure and it is being hypothesized.\nMethods:\nLine 131: Substitute presence for present.\nLine 132: pain below the knee is not really diagnostic of anything. Many structures in the lumbar spine can radiate below the knee. Diagnostic criteria for nerve root is any 1 of the 3 hard neurological signs. Too late for this study but for future reference. You may eliminate tenable subjects using that as a criteria.\nLine 135: Eliminating the possible scoliosis group is interesting. I understand why you did that presumably they may have greater propensity to have asymmetries. They do often have back pain but I have known many with severe scoliosis with no back pain. They would be interesting to study this way though.\nLine 167: I would change gender to sex. Since sex refers to biology only whereas gender could imply social and cultural interpretation.\nLines 218-235: Thank you for clarifying your methods, this helped.\nLine 277: italicize t in t-test.\nDiscussion:\nLine 311: I would eliminate the word strong. PTAR and PDAR are not strong factors for LBP. ORs of 1.17 and 1.21 are actually quite small. Even BMI's 1.62 is not particularly great. Chen et al (2010) found that an OR of 1.68 corresponded to a Cohen's d of .2 or small effect. All of your predictors are smaller than that. Yes, they are statistically significant but perhaps not that meaningful. This fits in with the BMI argument that we have already discussed. You found that the groups had significantly different BMIs yet the actual difference was less than 1.5 from 19.7 to 21.15. Both group's BMIs are perfectly normal. The 95% CI falls less than the overweight threshold of 25. In your limitations you reference 2 other articles that showed differences in BMI. Both of these studies likewise had statistically significant but clinically meaningless differences. Reference 43 had such a large sample that the actual measured difference was barely .5 and reference 44 was 1.5 and not reported on by the authors except in the characteristics table. Perhaps people with LBP eat a little more or just exercise a little less and then wind up being a few pounds heavier. I am not saying don't report what you found but be careful how much weight you attach to it.\nLine 355 previous studies suggest that being overweight and high BMI are associated with increased tissue load. Your sample was not overweight nor did they have high BMI so this is a fallacious comparison to draw. If you really want to test the theory that BMI matters create a scatterplot of pain levels against BMI for each subject and add a regression line and test if the heaviest subjects had the most pain.\nYour findings clearly show that the system will measure pelvic positions with acceptable reliability but your regression doesn't really encourage me to think that I need to measure for pelvic asymmetry in subjects with LBP.\n\n\n* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **No**\n* Are the methods appropriate and well described?: **Yes**\n* Does the work include the necessary controls?: **Yes**\n* Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the data shown?: **No**\n* Are you able to assess any statistics in the manuscript or would you recommend an additional statistical review?: **I am able to assess the statistics**\n* Quality of written English: **Needs some language corrections before being published**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interests**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please do not publish my name with my report. (default)**\n"},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-06-18T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2020-06-14T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-06-14T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-06-01T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-05-31T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-05-31T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-musculoskeletal-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmsd","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders](http://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://author-welcome.nature.com/12891","title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2020-02-28 22:01:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-15467/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2020-04-26T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-04-21T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Major revisions required\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nIt is with great interest that I read this manuscript because pelvic asymmetry has been somewhat of the holy grail of LBP for decades and limited evidence has shown support that pelvic asymmetry can either be measured accurately, reliably and whether or not it even matters in the incidence of LBP. Current best evidence suggests that it is irrelevant or may be the product of LBP rather than the cause. I found this manuscript to be generally well written and you have made a strong case for the use of this technology for measuring symmetry of posture however there are a few points that bear description.\n\nTitle: Your study does not determine whether or not pelvic asymmetry is a risk factor for chronic non-specific low back pain and should be reworded as an association between the two.\n\nAbstract: Background: causality between NSCLBP and asymmetry has not been established therefore the way this is worded should be changed. As worded it implies that it is a risk factor but which plane is the uncertainty. That isn't consistent with the literature.\n\nIntroduction:\nLine 66: are you implying prevalence with the term occurrence?\n\nLines 67-8: I am not certain this is true. It seems more accurate to say that a strong link between anatomical anomalies from imaging and clinical pain and disability have not been established. If they were established it would no longer be non-specific LBP.\n\nLine 71-3: There are two things here. As written it implies that pelvic asymmetry matters but we don't know which plane. The second point is there is limited evidence that pelvic asymmetry matters at all. You should be more specific of what you are trying to say here.\n\nLines 84-90: If healthy individuals who have asymmetry don't consistently have LBP then you cannot state with any assurance that it matters.\n\nMethods:\nLine 134: how did you rule out mental disorders? Many if not most people with mental disorders are not formally diagnosed and treated in the west. I doubt it is different in China. Did you screen for disorders or just ask if they have a formal diagnosis? Along the same subject you should state how you ruled out all the other diagnoses as well. A person may not know they have scoliosis and our clinical exams aren't great for screening either hence why you are attempting this study. What clinical criteria did you use for nerve root compression and radiculopathy? Etc.\n\nLine 207: Why use an ICC(3,k)? Your procedure in this current study is very dependent on the accuracy of the placement of the skin markers. This would mean that you want to generalize the results to other raters so for the inter-rater reliability you should use model 2. The study does not state that multiple measures were taken and averaged for the analysis so it should be a (2,1) for inter-rater and (3,1) for intra-rater. You should reference chapter 26 of the Portney \u0026 Watkins text (ref 24) for this. Please make sure you selected the correct ANOVA procedure in SPSS and correct values as needed.\n\nWhy MDD90 versus MDD95?\nLine 219: the t in t-test should be italicized since it is a statistic like a p value.\n\nResults:\nBMI difference is statistically different but is it clinically relevant? Its association with pelvic asymmetry is your highest OR at 1.62 and yet the difference between groups is functionally meaningless (19.7 versus 21.2), what do you take from this? The OR on the asymmetry measure are 17-21%, Not very large changes and only 1/3 the size of the BMI association with a meaningless difference.\n\nPerhaps provide a table or at least a statement that tells the reader how many people with no LBP had the equivalent asymmetry of the average subject with pain and provide us the intel of how many people with LBP had less asymmetry than the average person without pain. Since we all know that pain and asymmetry occur on a continuum a way to see the relationship besides average and SD would be helpful.\n\nDiscussion:\nLine 296: Change risk factors to strongly associated with. It is inherently difficult to determine risk factors in cross sectional studies because you need to know prevalence and study subjects over time to determine if the associated factor preceded the incidence of disease. Only then can you possibly determine if it actually is a risk factor but you still also need to determine if there are mediators or moderators that determine that relationship as well. This study simply does not provide enough data to make this connection. You actually acknowledge this in your limitations. Therefore you should refrain from stating that pelvic asymmetry is a risk factor for NSCLP in your manuscript and you should reword your title. For reference: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4654543/\n\nLines 302-5: Getting the markers correct between sessions is a concern. A large concern that hasn't been mentioned is the fact that these are skin markers on pelvic bones where SIJ movement is measured in less than 5mm of movement or just a couple of degrees. Yet enough movement of the skin could occur depending on what muscle may be tight and move the skin more on one side than the other. It would seem to me that there are more issues to this.\n\nLine 313 SME should be SEM?\n\nLine 334-5: This study cannot make the assertion that its findings contribute to CLBP because it is the wrong study design to do this.\n\nLines 339-41: This is conjecture on your part. I will give you an equally possible hypothesis. People who have low back pain move around and exercise less and when they do exercise they do so with less intensity to avoid aggravating their symptoms and over the next few months gain a few extra kg of bodyweight. So in my theory, LBP influenced BMI not the other way around. Your study design cannot determine this. Stick to the facts of what your data are telling you. There is no causal link between your findings and LBP, be careful not to suggest otherwise.\n\nLines 347-9: Once again I will give you another hypothesis. People with CLBP do not control their spines very well and to seek control they tend to stand in an anterior pelvic tilt because the added extension of the lumbar segments is the closed packed position gaining stability of the segments. Your references did not include tracking people over time to determine if people who have APT first develop LBP at higher rates than those who don't.\n\nTables: I am not sure providing the t values adds much to the results.. I would rather see effect sizes with 95%CIs\n\nA general limitation to me is that you don't have retests for the NSCLBP group. I would expect postural variation to be more prevalent in this group and would be interested to see stability of this group from week to week. It would be meaningful to compare ICC and SEM for between group differences.\n\nAnother serious limitation is that as soon as you tell someone you are going to look at their posture, it will change. You can tell them to stand normally but deep down, they want to stand up straight when reminded that they are being looked at. Therefore you have no idea if what you saw accurately reflects their normal posture. Heisenberg uncertainty principle meets postural biomechanics!\n\nI think this manuscript meets a need but feel strongly that the hypotheses need to tempered to the level of evidence that this study design provides and the interpretation of these results need to be stated consistent with that level of evidence.\n* Are the methods appropriate and well described?: **Yes**\n* Does the work include the necessary controls?: **Yes**\n* Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the data shown?: **No**\n* Are you able to assess any statistics in the manuscript or would you recommend an additional statistical review?: **I am able to assess the statistics**\n* Quality of written English: **Acceptable**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interests**\n* I agree to the open peer review policy of the journal. I understand that my name will be included on my report to the authors and, if the manuscript is accepted for publication, my named report including any attachments I upload will be posted on the website along with the authors' responses. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). I understand that any comments which I do not wish to be included in my named report can be included as confidential comments to the editors, which will not be published.: ** I agree to the open peer review policy of the journal**\n"},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-04-20T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-04-02T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept after minor essential revisions\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nThank you for the opportunity to review this interesting manuscript. I have a few comments that I list below:\n\nIntroduction:\nIn paragraph 2 - Introduction seems to mix a few concepts. For example, there is an important scientific gap between identifying pelvic asymmetric of patients who have different prognoses referring to anatomical and those who would respond differently to \"tissue adaptations\". Could you provide more evidences about that and relationship of biomechanical and anatomical relationship between the hip and the lumbar region.\nParagraph 3: The aim of the study is established the reliability of the GPS to assess pelvic asymmetry in young adults in a clinical setting. However, the title \"Pelvic asymmetry as a risk factor for nonspecific chronic low back pain\" for me no make sense. Once the focus was the use of software.\nIn paragraph 5, the authors argue that \"subsequent prevention of NCLBP may be explained and GPS is sufficiently reliable to assess pelvic postural asymmetry and that pelvic postural asymmetry\". This argument does not stand if the previous studies were randomised clinical trials, since participants with low levels of symptoms would have been equally distributed across treatment groups. Could you please clarify?\n\nMethods:\nInclusion criteria: The authors suggest at least pain score of 2 or greater and no nerve root compression symptoms. Could you explain why 2 in pain if most of guidelines suggests chronic low back pain is considerable minimum 3. Furthermore, was it doing any test to identify nerve root compression? Could you describe any efforts to address potential sources of bias?\n\nResults:\nIs that clinically relevant for this population? Where were the SDs estimated from? Can you please provide references?\n\nDiscussion:\nIn the discussion, the authors comment that GPS could directly influence in the early identification of the potential occurrence of NCLBP and the authors comment that could directly that GPS was a reliable method for postural assessment. However, the treatment was not exploring the causal relationship between pelvic asymmetry in the sagital plane/pelvic asymmetry in the transverse plane in LBP, which looks essential, furthermore, the authors reported that the results cannot be generalized for all patients. Could the authors please comment on that?\n* Are the methods appropriate and well described?: **Yes**\n* Does the work include the necessary controls?: **Yes**\n* Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the data shown?: **Yes**\n* Are you able to assess any statistics in the manuscript or would you recommend an additional statistical review?: **I am able to assess the statistics**\n* Quality of written English: **Acceptable**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interests**\n* I agree to the open peer review policy of the journal. I understand that my name will be included on my report to the authors and, if the manuscript is accepted for publication, my named report including any attachments I upload will be posted on the website along with the authors' responses. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). I understand that any comments which I do not wish to be included in my named report can be included as confidential comments to the editors, which will not be published.: ** I agree to the open peer review policy of the journal**\n"},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-03-20T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2020-03-07T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-02-29T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-02-27T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-02-27T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"","date":"2020-02-16T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-musculoskeletal-disorders","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmsd","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders](http://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://author-welcome.nature.com/12891","title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"63791d48-432c-420f-a51f-d0b63b12a318","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 28th, 2020","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":385969,"name":"Orthopedics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2020-09-06T15:01:59+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-15467","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03617-3","journal":{"identity":"bmc-musculoskeletal-disorders","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders"},"publishedOn":"2020-09-05 12:00:00","publishedOnDateReadable":"September 5th, 2020"},"versionCreatedAt":"2020-08-28 15:40:54","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12891-020-03617-3","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03617-3","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v5","identity":"rs-15467","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-15467","identity":"rs-15467","version":["v5"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}