Cardio-Renal Syndrome: Review and New Perspectives

Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) is a term referring to a bidirectional group of disorders in which there is a concomitant compromise of both organs, the heart and the kidney, leading to a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. In recent years, numerous publications have addressed this complex entity from different points of view.For better understanding, five subtypes have been established: depending on its form of presentation, acute or chronic; the organ initially affected and whether there is another responsible systemic disease.CRS represents a complex interaction between both organs with several neurohormonal, inflammatory and hemodynamic pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Its different forms of presentation and the difficulty of its management requires a multidisciplinary and comprehensive therapeutic approach targeting all the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. Throughout this review we will analyze all relevant aspects of CRS from its classification to current diagnosis and treatment.