Current trends and controversies in reproductive surgery.

Even in the context of the expansion of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), reproductive surgery continues to fulfill its deserved place in the arsenal of fertility treatments. Rather than being competitive, these two avenues of treatment can optimize fertility care when utilized as an adjunct to one another. Surgical indications and techniques in modern reproductive surgery continue to evolve based on new information about the effects of pelvic pathology on infertility and new technology. This review aims to disentangle some of the common clinical dilemmas facing reproductive specialists in regard to the effect of benign gynecologic pathology on fertility and the relevance of surgical intervention in enhancing or preserving fertility in women. To this end, we focus on the management of intramural myomata, adenomyosis, ovarian and peritoneal endometriosis and teratomas in women of reproductive age. In addition, we also review the role of recently developed techniques in the field of ovarian tissue preservation as well as uterine transplantation.