The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy

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Methods Data were collected through a questionnaire survey administered to 176 directors of regional-owned multi-business enterprises across Indonesia. The data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), with higher-order constructs estimated in SmartPLS. Results The findings show that corporate governance and transformational leadership have positive and significant effects on business strategy and business performance. Business strategy also has a positive and significant effect on business performance and mediates the effects of corporate governance and transformational leadership on performance. Government policy significantly moderates the relationships between corporate governance, transformational leadership, business strategy, and business performance, strengthening their positive impact. Conclusions These results highlight the need to reinforce internal capabilities through stronger governance practices, transformational leadership, and flexible, innovation-oriented strategies, while ensuring a supportive government policy environment so that regional-owned enterprises can improve their business performance. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v2", "name": "The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership..." } } ] } Home Browse The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Willy M, Al Musadieq M, Abdillah Y and Nuzula NF. The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.175209.2 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Research Article Revised The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] Muhammad Willy https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2942-1144 1 , Mochammad Al Musadieq 1 , Yusri Abdillah 1 , Nila Firdausi Nuzula 1 Muhammad Willy https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2942-1144 1 , Mochammad Al Musadieq 1 , Yusri Abdillah 1 , Nila Firdausi Nuzula 1 PUBLISHED 20 Apr 2026 Author details Author details 1 Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia Muhammad Willy Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Mochammad Al Musadieq Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Yusri Abdillah Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Nila Firdausi Nuzula Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Background The performance of regional-owned multi-business enterprises (BUMD Aneka Usaha) in Indonesia is crucial for regional economic development, yet many still face challenges related to weak corporate governance, leadership, and business strategy. Methods Data were collected through a questionnaire survey administered to 176 directors of regional-owned multi-business enterprises across Indonesia. The data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), with higher-order constructs estimated in SmartPLS. Results The findings show that corporate governance and transformational leadership have positive and significant effects on business strategy and business performance. Business strategy also has a positive and significant effect on business performance and mediates the effects of corporate governance and transformational leadership on performance. Government policy significantly moderates the relationships between corporate governance, transformational leadership, business strategy, and business performance, strengthening their positive impact. Conclusions These results highlight the need to reinforce internal capabilities through stronger governance practices, transformational leadership, and flexible, innovation-oriented strategies, while ensuring a supportive government policy environment so that regional-owned enterprises can improve their business performance. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Corporate Governance, Transformational Leadership, Business Strategy, Business Performance, Government Policy, PLS-SEM Corresponding Author(s) Muhammad Willy ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Muhammad Willy Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2026 Willy M et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Willy M, Al Musadieq M, Abdillah Y and Nuzula NF. The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.175209.2 ) First published: 14 Jan 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.175209.1 ) Latest published: 20 Apr 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.175209.2 ) Revised Amendments from Version 1 The second version of this article incorporates revisions in response to reviewer comments. The manuscript was revised to improve conceptual clarity, methodological transparency, and theoretical integration. Specifically, it now clarifies the mediating role of business strategy, strengthens the description of the research design and sampling procedure, and further explains the relevance of RBV, DCT and Contingency Theory. The limitations and terminology consistency were also improved throughout the manuscript. No major changes were made to the title, author list, figures, tables, or underlying data. The second version of this article incorporates revisions in response to reviewer comments. The manuscript was revised to improve conceptual clarity, methodological transparency, and theoretical integration. Specifically, it now clarifies the mediating role of business strategy, strengthens the description of the research design and sampling procedure, and further explains the relevance of RBV, DCT and Contingency Theory. The limitations and terminology consistency were also improved throughout the manuscript. No major changes were made to the title, author list, figures, tables, or underlying data. See the authors' detailed response to the review by Oscar Radyan Danar See the authors' detailed response to the review by David Minja READ REVIEWER RESPONSES XML processing error : Illegal HTML character: decimal 146 Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 14 Jan 2026 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Brawijaya University, Malang, East Java, Indonesia Muhammad Willy Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Mochammad Al Musadieq Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Yusri Abdillah Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Nila Firdausi Nuzula Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (2) version 2 Revised Published: 20 Apr 2026, 15:56 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.175209.2 version 1 Published: 14 Jan 2026, 15:56 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.175209.1 Copyright © 2026 Willy M et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Willy M, Al Musadieq M, Abdillah Y and Nuzula NF. The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.175209.2 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 20 Apr 2026 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Hossain MZ. Reviewer Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r477474 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v2#referee-response-477474 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 07 May 2026 Muhammed Zakir Hossain , State University of Bangladesh, dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Business Studies, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r477474 While the article is scientifically sound overall, here are a few specific suggestions to improve clarity, transparency, and replicability: Include the full survey questionnaire used in the study as an appendix to ensure that future researchers ... Continue reading READ ALL While the article is scientifically sound overall, here are a few specific suggestions to improve clarity, transparency, and replicability: Include the full survey questionnaire used in the study as an appendix to ensure that future researchers can replicate the data collection method precisely. Provide the SmartPLS model diagram and the model file to allow researchers to reproduce the path analysis step exactly. Share data processing scripts if any data transformations were done prior to analysis (e.g., handling missing data or data normalization), so others can follow the exact steps taken. Clarify the assumptions underlying the statistical methods used (e.g., normality of data, homoscedasticity) to improve transparency in the analysis. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Corporate Governance, Artificial Intelligence, Accounting, Auditing, Corporate Social Responsibility I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Hossain MZ. Reviewer Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r477474 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v2#referee-response-477474 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Minja D. Reviewer Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r476761 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v2#referee-response-476761 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 05 May 2026 David Minja , Department of Public Policy and Administration, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Nairobi County, Kenya Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r476761 Approved ... Continue reading READ ALL Approved for indexing. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Minja D. Reviewer Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r476761 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v2#referee-response-476761 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Danar OR. Reviewer Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r476762 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v2#referee-response-476762 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 21 Apr 2026 Oscar Radyan Danar , Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r476762 Thank you for the revisions made to the manuscript and for the authors’ careful responses to the comments raised in the previous review. The revised version has addressed the issues identified earlier. I only have minor remaining comment concerning the ... Continue reading READ ALL Thank you for the revisions made to the manuscript and for the authors’ careful responses to the comments raised in the previous review. The revised version has addressed the issues identified earlier. I only have minor remaining comment concerning the consistency of terminology used throughout the manuscript, which should be checked carefully to ensure uniformity across sections. Nevertheless, this is a minor issue and does not affect the overall quality of the article. In my assessment, the article is suitable to proceed for indexing in Scopus. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Public Governance I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Danar OR. Reviewer Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r476762 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v2#referee-response-476762 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 14 Jan 2026 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Minja D. Reviewer Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.193172.r457717 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v1#referee-response-457717 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 28 Feb 2026 David Minja , Department of Public Policy and Administration, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Nairobi County, Kenya Approved with Reservations VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.193172.r457717 In the abstract, the findings imply that business strategy was treated as an independent variable. The same variable is treated as a mediator. This is inconsistent with the study topic because business strategy is treated as a dependent variable while ... Continue reading READ ALL In the abstract, the findings imply that business strategy was treated as an independent variable. The same variable is treated as a mediator. This is inconsistent with the study topic because business strategy is treated as a dependent variable while corporate governance and transformational leadership are treated as independent variables in the topic. These inconsistencies should be addressed. In section 3.0 on methods, the research design used is missing. This should be included. Hypotheses testing H3- Business strategy has an effect on business performance. From the topic, both are dependent variables. Conceptually, a DV cannot have an effect on another DV since it has not been manipulated. This hypothesis should therefore be dropped. In the discussions, the study should have shown how Dynamic Capabilities theory mentioned in the background informed this study( it’s relevance). The authors only discussed RBV. The study demonstrates how it has contributed to the body of knowledge in the application of RBV and Contingency Theory. However, how the study contributed to Dynamic Capabilities Theory is not clear. In the conclusion section, limitations should be adequately discussed Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Minja D. Reviewer Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.193172.r457717 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v1#referee-response-457717 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 20 Apr 2026 Muhammad Willy , Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia 20 Apr 2026 Author Response Thank you very much for your constructive comments and thoughtful feedback on our manuscript. The following are the details of the revisions made in response to your comments. In the ... Continue reading Thank you very much for your constructive comments and thoughtful feedback on our manuscript. The following are the details of the revisions made in response to your comments. In the abstract, the findings imply that business strategy was treated as an independent variable. The same variable is treated as a mediator. This is inconsistent with the study topic because business strategy is treated as a dependent variable while corporate governance and transformational leadership are treated as independent variables in the topic. These inconsistencies should be addressed. Author response: Thank you for this valuable comment. We agree that the previous wording in the abstract could create ambiguity regarding the role of business strategy. We have revised the abstract to clarify that business strategy is positioned as an endogenous variable influenced by corporate governance and transformational leadership, and as a mediating variable linking these variables to business performance. The revised wording now presents the variable roles consistently with the study model and title. In section 3.0 on methods, the research design used is missing. This should be included. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We have revised Section 3 to explicitly state the research design. The manuscript now clarifies that the study used a quantitative, explanatory design with a cross-sectional survey approach. Hypotheses testing H3- Business strategy has an effect on business performance. From the topic, both are dependent variables. Conceptually, a DV cannot have an effect on another DV since it has not been manipulated. This hypothesis should therefore be dropped. Author response: Thank you for this important comment. We respectfully clarify that business strategy was not conceptualized as a final dependent variable in the same sense as business performance. In our model, business strategy is specified as an endogenous mediating construct that is influenced by corporate governance and transformational leadership and, in turn, affects business performance. Thus, H3 is retained because it represents the mediating path required in the structural model. To avoid ambiguity, we have revised the manuscript to clarify the role of business strategy as mediating mechanism rather than as a standalone final dependent variable. In the discussions, the study should have shown how Dynamic Capabilities theory mentioned in the background informed this study( it’s relevance). The authors only discussed RBV. The study demonstrates how it has contributed to the body of knowledge in the application of RBV and Contingency Theory. However, how the study contributed to Dynamic Capabilities Theory is not clear. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We have revised the Discussion and Conclusion to clarify the relevance and contribution of Dynamic Capabilities Theory in the study. In the conclusion section, limitations should be adequately discussed. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We agree that the limitations section needed to be discussed more explicitly. We have therefore revised the conclusion by strengthening the discussion of the study’s limitations, including the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, the contextual focus on BUMD Aneka Usaha in Indonesia, and the exclusion of other potentially relevant variables. We also clarified how these limitations inform directions for future research. Thank you very much for your constructive comments and thoughtful feedback on our manuscript. The following are the details of the revisions made in response to your comments. In the abstract, the findings imply that business strategy was treated as an independent variable. The same variable is treated as a mediator. This is inconsistent with the study topic because business strategy is treated as a dependent variable while corporate governance and transformational leadership are treated as independent variables in the topic. These inconsistencies should be addressed. Author response: Thank you for this valuable comment. We agree that the previous wording in the abstract could create ambiguity regarding the role of business strategy. We have revised the abstract to clarify that business strategy is positioned as an endogenous variable influenced by corporate governance and transformational leadership, and as a mediating variable linking these variables to business performance. The revised wording now presents the variable roles consistently with the study model and title. In section 3.0 on methods, the research design used is missing. This should be included. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We have revised Section 3 to explicitly state the research design. The manuscript now clarifies that the study used a quantitative, explanatory design with a cross-sectional survey approach. Hypotheses testing H3- Business strategy has an effect on business performance. From the topic, both are dependent variables. Conceptually, a DV cannot have an effect on another DV since it has not been manipulated. This hypothesis should therefore be dropped. Author response: Thank you for this important comment. We respectfully clarify that business strategy was not conceptualized as a final dependent variable in the same sense as business performance. In our model, business strategy is specified as an endogenous mediating construct that is influenced by corporate governance and transformational leadership and, in turn, affects business performance. Thus, H3 is retained because it represents the mediating path required in the structural model. To avoid ambiguity, we have revised the manuscript to clarify the role of business strategy as mediating mechanism rather than as a standalone final dependent variable. In the discussions, the study should have shown how Dynamic Capabilities theory mentioned in the background informed this study( it’s relevance). The authors only discussed RBV. The study demonstrates how it has contributed to the body of knowledge in the application of RBV and Contingency Theory. However, how the study contributed to Dynamic Capabilities Theory is not clear. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We have revised the Discussion and Conclusion to clarify the relevance and contribution of Dynamic Capabilities Theory in the study. In the conclusion section, limitations should be adequately discussed. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We agree that the limitations section needed to be discussed more explicitly. We have therefore revised the conclusion by strengthening the discussion of the study’s limitations, including the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, the contextual focus on BUMD Aneka Usaha in Indonesia, and the exclusion of other potentially relevant variables. We also clarified how these limitations inform directions for future research. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 20 Apr 2026 Muhammad Willy , Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia 20 Apr 2026 Author Response Thank you very much for your constructive comments and thoughtful feedback on our manuscript. The following are the details of the revisions made in response to your comments. In the ... Continue reading Thank you very much for your constructive comments and thoughtful feedback on our manuscript. The following are the details of the revisions made in response to your comments. In the abstract, the findings imply that business strategy was treated as an independent variable. The same variable is treated as a mediator. This is inconsistent with the study topic because business strategy is treated as a dependent variable while corporate governance and transformational leadership are treated as independent variables in the topic. These inconsistencies should be addressed. Author response: Thank you for this valuable comment. We agree that the previous wording in the abstract could create ambiguity regarding the role of business strategy. We have revised the abstract to clarify that business strategy is positioned as an endogenous variable influenced by corporate governance and transformational leadership, and as a mediating variable linking these variables to business performance. The revised wording now presents the variable roles consistently with the study model and title. In section 3.0 on methods, the research design used is missing. This should be included. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We have revised Section 3 to explicitly state the research design. The manuscript now clarifies that the study used a quantitative, explanatory design with a cross-sectional survey approach. Hypotheses testing H3- Business strategy has an effect on business performance. From the topic, both are dependent variables. Conceptually, a DV cannot have an effect on another DV since it has not been manipulated. This hypothesis should therefore be dropped. Author response: Thank you for this important comment. We respectfully clarify that business strategy was not conceptualized as a final dependent variable in the same sense as business performance. In our model, business strategy is specified as an endogenous mediating construct that is influenced by corporate governance and transformational leadership and, in turn, affects business performance. Thus, H3 is retained because it represents the mediating path required in the structural model. To avoid ambiguity, we have revised the manuscript to clarify the role of business strategy as mediating mechanism rather than as a standalone final dependent variable. In the discussions, the study should have shown how Dynamic Capabilities theory mentioned in the background informed this study( it’s relevance). The authors only discussed RBV. The study demonstrates how it has contributed to the body of knowledge in the application of RBV and Contingency Theory. However, how the study contributed to Dynamic Capabilities Theory is not clear. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We have revised the Discussion and Conclusion to clarify the relevance and contribution of Dynamic Capabilities Theory in the study. In the conclusion section, limitations should be adequately discussed. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We agree that the limitations section needed to be discussed more explicitly. We have therefore revised the conclusion by strengthening the discussion of the study’s limitations, including the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, the contextual focus on BUMD Aneka Usaha in Indonesia, and the exclusion of other potentially relevant variables. We also clarified how these limitations inform directions for future research. Thank you very much for your constructive comments and thoughtful feedback on our manuscript. The following are the details of the revisions made in response to your comments. In the abstract, the findings imply that business strategy was treated as an independent variable. The same variable is treated as a mediator. This is inconsistent with the study topic because business strategy is treated as a dependent variable while corporate governance and transformational leadership are treated as independent variables in the topic. These inconsistencies should be addressed. Author response: Thank you for this valuable comment. We agree that the previous wording in the abstract could create ambiguity regarding the role of business strategy. We have revised the abstract to clarify that business strategy is positioned as an endogenous variable influenced by corporate governance and transformational leadership, and as a mediating variable linking these variables to business performance. The revised wording now presents the variable roles consistently with the study model and title. In section 3.0 on methods, the research design used is missing. This should be included. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We have revised Section 3 to explicitly state the research design. The manuscript now clarifies that the study used a quantitative, explanatory design with a cross-sectional survey approach. Hypotheses testing H3- Business strategy has an effect on business performance. From the topic, both are dependent variables. Conceptually, a DV cannot have an effect on another DV since it has not been manipulated. This hypothesis should therefore be dropped. Author response: Thank you for this important comment. We respectfully clarify that business strategy was not conceptualized as a final dependent variable in the same sense as business performance. In our model, business strategy is specified as an endogenous mediating construct that is influenced by corporate governance and transformational leadership and, in turn, affects business performance. Thus, H3 is retained because it represents the mediating path required in the structural model. To avoid ambiguity, we have revised the manuscript to clarify the role of business strategy as mediating mechanism rather than as a standalone final dependent variable. In the discussions, the study should have shown how Dynamic Capabilities theory mentioned in the background informed this study( it’s relevance). The authors only discussed RBV. The study demonstrates how it has contributed to the body of knowledge in the application of RBV and Contingency Theory. However, how the study contributed to Dynamic Capabilities Theory is not clear. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We have revised the Discussion and Conclusion to clarify the relevance and contribution of Dynamic Capabilities Theory in the study. In the conclusion section, limitations should be adequately discussed. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We agree that the limitations section needed to be discussed more explicitly. We have therefore revised the conclusion by strengthening the discussion of the study’s limitations, including the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, the contextual focus on BUMD Aneka Usaha in Indonesia, and the exclusion of other potentially relevant variables. We also clarified how these limitations inform directions for future research. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Danar OR. Reviewer Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.193172.r457713 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v1#referee-response-457713 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 16 Feb 2026 Oscar Radyan Danar , Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.193172.r457713 I reviewed the manuscript and overall the research method is appropriate, the analysis is presented clearly, and the findings are consistent with the study’s objectives and proposed framework. The topic is relevant for both policy and managerial discussion, and the ... Continue reading READ ALL I reviewed the manuscript and overall the research method is appropriate, the analysis is presented clearly, and the findings are consistent with the study’s objectives and proposed framework. The topic is relevant for both policy and managerial discussion, and the paper provides a useful empirical contribution. Minor comments (non-essential) 1. Strengthen the contribution statement in the Introduction: At the end of the Introduction, please add 2–3 short sentences that clearly summarize the research gap, the study aim, and the main contributions in one concise paragraph. 2. Clarify the random sampling procedure: Please briefly state the sampling procedure. This will improve transparency and make replication easier. 3. Improve terminology consistency: Please use consistent key terms throughout the manuscript (choose either “government policy” or “government policies” and use it consistently, and keep the organizational context naming consistent). Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Public Governance I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Danar OR. Reviewer Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.193172.r457713 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v1#referee-response-457713 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 20 Apr 2026 Muhammad Willy , Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia 20 Apr 2026 Author Response I reviewed the manuscript and overall the research method is appropriate, the analysis is presented clearly, and the findings are consistent with the study’s objectives and proposed framework. The topic ... Continue reading I reviewed the manuscript and overall the research method is appropriate, the analysis is presented clearly, and the findings are consistent with the study’s objectives and proposed framework. The topic is relevant for both policy and managerial discussion, and the paper provides a useful empirical contribution. Author response: Thank you for your positive and encouraging comments. We appreciate your recognition that the research method is appropriate, the analysis is clearly presented, and the findings are aligned with the study’s objectives and framework. We are also grateful that you consider the topic relevant for both policy and managerial discussion and that the paper offers a useful empirical contribution. Minor comments (non-essential) 1. Strengthen the contribution statement in the Introduction: At the end of the Introduction, please add 2–3 short sentences that clearly summarize the research gap, the study aim, and the main contributions in one concise paragraph. Author response: We have strengthened the contribution statement at the end of the Introduction by adding a concise paragraph that explicitly summarizes the research gap, the study aim, and the main theoretical and practical contributions of the study. 2. Clarify the random sampling procedure: Please briefly state the sampling procedure. This will improve transparency and make replication easier. Author response: We have revised the Methods section to clarify the random sampling procedure. 3. Improve terminology consistency: Please use consistent key terms throughout the manuscript (choose either “government policy” or “government policies” and use it consistently, and keep the organizational context naming consistent). Author response: We have revised the manuscript to improve terminology consistency throughout the text. I reviewed the manuscript and overall the research method is appropriate, the analysis is presented clearly, and the findings are consistent with the study’s objectives and proposed framework. The topic is relevant for both policy and managerial discussion, and the paper provides a useful empirical contribution. Author response: Thank you for your positive and encouraging comments. We appreciate your recognition that the research method is appropriate, the analysis is clearly presented, and the findings are aligned with the study’s objectives and framework. We are also grateful that you consider the topic relevant for both policy and managerial discussion and that the paper offers a useful empirical contribution. Minor comments (non-essential) 1. Strengthen the contribution statement in the Introduction: At the end of the Introduction, please add 2–3 short sentences that clearly summarize the research gap, the study aim, and the main contributions in one concise paragraph. Author response: We have strengthened the contribution statement at the end of the Introduction by adding a concise paragraph that explicitly summarizes the research gap, the study aim, and the main theoretical and practical contributions of the study. 2. Clarify the random sampling procedure: Please briefly state the sampling procedure. This will improve transparency and make replication easier. Author response: We have revised the Methods section to clarify the random sampling procedure. 3. Improve terminology consistency: Please use consistent key terms throughout the manuscript (choose either “government policy” or “government policies” and use it consistently, and keep the organizational context naming consistent). Author response: We have revised the manuscript to improve terminology consistency throughout the text. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 20 Apr 2026 Muhammad Willy , Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia 20 Apr 2026 Author Response I reviewed the manuscript and overall the research method is appropriate, the analysis is presented clearly, and the findings are consistent with the study’s objectives and proposed framework. The topic ... Continue reading I reviewed the manuscript and overall the research method is appropriate, the analysis is presented clearly, and the findings are consistent with the study’s objectives and proposed framework. The topic is relevant for both policy and managerial discussion, and the paper provides a useful empirical contribution. Author response: Thank you for your positive and encouraging comments. We appreciate your recognition that the research method is appropriate, the analysis is clearly presented, and the findings are aligned with the study’s objectives and framework. We are also grateful that you consider the topic relevant for both policy and managerial discussion and that the paper offers a useful empirical contribution. Minor comments (non-essential) 1. Strengthen the contribution statement in the Introduction: At the end of the Introduction, please add 2–3 short sentences that clearly summarize the research gap, the study aim, and the main contributions in one concise paragraph. Author response: We have strengthened the contribution statement at the end of the Introduction by adding a concise paragraph that explicitly summarizes the research gap, the study aim, and the main theoretical and practical contributions of the study. 2. Clarify the random sampling procedure: Please briefly state the sampling procedure. This will improve transparency and make replication easier. Author response: We have revised the Methods section to clarify the random sampling procedure. 3. Improve terminology consistency: Please use consistent key terms throughout the manuscript (choose either “government policy” or “government policies” and use it consistently, and keep the organizational context naming consistent). Author response: We have revised the manuscript to improve terminology consistency throughout the text. I reviewed the manuscript and overall the research method is appropriate, the analysis is presented clearly, and the findings are consistent with the study’s objectives and proposed framework. The topic is relevant for both policy and managerial discussion, and the paper provides a useful empirical contribution. Author response: Thank you for your positive and encouraging comments. We appreciate your recognition that the research method is appropriate, the analysis is clearly presented, and the findings are aligned with the study’s objectives and framework. We are also grateful that you consider the topic relevant for both policy and managerial discussion and that the paper offers a useful empirical contribution. Minor comments (non-essential) 1. Strengthen the contribution statement in the Introduction: At the end of the Introduction, please add 2–3 short sentences that clearly summarize the research gap, the study aim, and the main contributions in one concise paragraph. Author response: We have strengthened the contribution statement at the end of the Introduction by adding a concise paragraph that explicitly summarizes the research gap, the study aim, and the main theoretical and practical contributions of the study. 2. Clarify the random sampling procedure: Please briefly state the sampling procedure. This will improve transparency and make replication easier. Author response: We have revised the Methods section to clarify the random sampling procedure. 3. Improve terminology consistency: Please use consistent key terms throughout the manuscript (choose either “government policy” or “government policies” and use it consistently, and keep the organizational context naming consistent). Author response: We have revised the manuscript to improve terminology consistency throughout the text. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 14 Jan 2026 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 Version 2 (revision) 20 Apr 26 read read read Version 1 14 Jan 26 read read Oscar Radyan Danar , Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia David Minja , Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya Muhammed Zakir Hossain , State University of Bangladesh, dhaka, Bangladesh; State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Hossain M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 07 May 2026 | for Version 2 Muhammed Zakir Hossain , State University of Bangladesh, dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Business Studies, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh 0 Views copyright © 2026 Hossain M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions While the article is scientifically sound overall, here are a few specific suggestions to improve clarity, transparency, and replicability: Include the full survey questionnaire used in the study as an appendix to ensure that future researchers can replicate the data collection method precisely. Provide the SmartPLS model diagram and the model file to allow researchers to reproduce the path analysis step exactly. Share data processing scripts if any data transformations were done prior to analysis (e.g., handling missing data or data normalization), so others can follow the exact steps taken. Clarify the assumptions underlying the statistical methods used (e.g., normality of data, homoscedasticity) to improve transparency in the analysis. Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Partly If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Partly Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Corporate Governance, Artificial Intelligence, Accounting, Auditing, Corporate Social Responsibility I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Hossain MZ. Peer Review Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r477474) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v2#referee-response-477474 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Minja D. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 05 May 2026 | for Version 2 David Minja , Department of Public Policy and Administration, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Nairobi County, Kenya 0 Views copyright © 2026 Minja D. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Approved for indexing. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Minja D. Peer Review Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r476761) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v2#referee-response-476761 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Danar O. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 21 Apr 2026 | for Version 2 Oscar Radyan Danar , Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2026 Danar O. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Thank you for the revisions made to the manuscript and for the authors’ careful responses to the comments raised in the previous review. The revised version has addressed the issues identified earlier. I only have minor remaining comment concerning the consistency of terminology used throughout the manuscript, which should be checked carefully to ensure uniformity across sections. Nevertheless, this is a minor issue and does not affect the overall quality of the article. In my assessment, the article is suitable to proceed for indexing in Scopus. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Public Governance I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Danar OR. Peer Review Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.198522.r476762) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v2#referee-response-476762 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Minja D. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 28 Feb 2026 | for Version 1 David Minja , Department of Public Policy and Administration, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Nairobi County, Kenya 0 Views copyright © 2026 Minja D. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions In the abstract, the findings imply that business strategy was treated as an independent variable. The same variable is treated as a mediator. This is inconsistent with the study topic because business strategy is treated as a dependent variable while corporate governance and transformational leadership are treated as independent variables in the topic. These inconsistencies should be addressed. In section 3.0 on methods, the research design used is missing. This should be included. Hypotheses testing H3- Business strategy has an effect on business performance. From the topic, both are dependent variables. Conceptually, a DV cannot have an effect on another DV since it has not been manipulated. This hypothesis should therefore be dropped. In the discussions, the study should have shown how Dynamic Capabilities theory mentioned in the background informed this study( it’s relevance). The authors only discussed RBV. The study demonstrates how it has contributed to the body of knowledge in the application of RBV and Contingency Theory. However, how the study contributed to Dynamic Capabilities Theory is not clear. In the conclusion section, limitations should be adequately discussed Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Partly Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 20 Apr 2026 Muhammad Willy, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia Thank you very much for your constructive comments and thoughtful feedback on our manuscript. The following are the details of the revisions made in response to your comments. In the abstract, the findings imply that business strategy was treated as an independent variable. The same variable is treated as a mediator. This is inconsistent with the study topic because business strategy is treated as a dependent variable while corporate governance and transformational leadership are treated as independent variables in the topic. These inconsistencies should be addressed. Author response: Thank you for this valuable comment. We agree that the previous wording in the abstract could create ambiguity regarding the role of business strategy. We have revised the abstract to clarify that business strategy is positioned as an endogenous variable influenced by corporate governance and transformational leadership, and as a mediating variable linking these variables to business performance. The revised wording now presents the variable roles consistently with the study model and title. In section 3.0 on methods, the research design used is missing. This should be included. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We have revised Section 3 to explicitly state the research design. The manuscript now clarifies that the study used a quantitative, explanatory design with a cross-sectional survey approach. Hypotheses testing H3- Business strategy has an effect on business performance. From the topic, both are dependent variables. Conceptually, a DV cannot have an effect on another DV since it has not been manipulated. This hypothesis should therefore be dropped. Author response: Thank you for this important comment. We respectfully clarify that business strategy was not conceptualized as a final dependent variable in the same sense as business performance. In our model, business strategy is specified as an endogenous mediating construct that is influenced by corporate governance and transformational leadership and, in turn, affects business performance. Thus, H3 is retained because it represents the mediating path required in the structural model. To avoid ambiguity, we have revised the manuscript to clarify the role of business strategy as mediating mechanism rather than as a standalone final dependent variable. In the discussions, the study should have shown how Dynamic Capabilities theory mentioned in the background informed this study( it’s relevance). The authors only discussed RBV. The study demonstrates how it has contributed to the body of knowledge in the application of RBV and Contingency Theory. However, how the study contributed to Dynamic Capabilities Theory is not clear. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We have revised the Discussion and Conclusion to clarify the relevance and contribution of Dynamic Capabilities Theory in the study. In the conclusion section, limitations should be adequately discussed. Author response: Thank you for this comment. We agree that the limitations section needed to be discussed more explicitly. We have therefore revised the conclusion by strengthening the discussion of the study’s limitations, including the cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, the contextual focus on BUMD Aneka Usaha in Indonesia, and the exclusion of other potentially relevant variables. We also clarified how these limitations inform directions for future research. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Minja D. Peer Review Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.193172.r457717) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v1#referee-response-457717 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Danar O. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 16 Feb 2026 | for Version 1 Oscar Radyan Danar , Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2026 Danar O. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I reviewed the manuscript and overall the research method is appropriate, the analysis is presented clearly, and the findings are consistent with the study’s objectives and proposed framework. The topic is relevant for both policy and managerial discussion, and the paper provides a useful empirical contribution. Minor comments (non-essential) 1. Strengthen the contribution statement in the Introduction: At the end of the Introduction, please add 2–3 short sentences that clearly summarize the research gap, the study aim, and the main contributions in one concise paragraph. 2. Clarify the random sampling procedure: Please briefly state the sampling procedure. This will improve transparency and make replication easier. 3. Improve terminology consistency: Please use consistent key terms throughout the manuscript (choose either “government policy” or “government policies” and use it consistently, and keep the organizational context naming consistent). Is the work clearly and accurately presented and does it cite the current literature? Yes Is the study design appropriate and is the work technically sound? Yes Are sufficient details of methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes If applicable, is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are all the source data underlying the results available to ensure full reproducibility? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Public Governance I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 20 Apr 2026 Muhammad Willy, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia I reviewed the manuscript and overall the research method is appropriate, the analysis is presented clearly, and the findings are consistent with the study’s objectives and proposed framework. The topic is relevant for both policy and managerial discussion, and the paper provides a useful empirical contribution. Author response: Thank you for your positive and encouraging comments. We appreciate your recognition that the research method is appropriate, the analysis is clearly presented, and the findings are aligned with the study’s objectives and framework. We are also grateful that you consider the topic relevant for both policy and managerial discussion and that the paper offers a useful empirical contribution. Minor comments (non-essential) 1. Strengthen the contribution statement in the Introduction: At the end of the Introduction, please add 2–3 short sentences that clearly summarize the research gap, the study aim, and the main contributions in one concise paragraph. Author response: We have strengthened the contribution statement at the end of the Introduction by adding a concise paragraph that explicitly summarizes the research gap, the study aim, and the main theoretical and practical contributions of the study. 2. Clarify the random sampling procedure: Please briefly state the sampling procedure. This will improve transparency and make replication easier. Author response: We have revised the Methods section to clarify the random sampling procedure. 3. Improve terminology consistency: Please use consistent key terms throughout the manuscript (choose either “government policy” or “government policies” and use it consistently, and keep the organizational context naming consistent). Author response: We have revised the manuscript to improve terminology consistency throughout the text. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Danar OR. Peer Review Report For: The Effect of Corporate Governance and Transformational Leadership on Business Strategy and Business Performance Moderated by Government Policy [version 2; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :56 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.193172.r457713) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-56/v1#referee-response-457713 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. 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