Identification of a novel fully human anti-toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1 single-chain fragment variable antibody averting TSST-1-induced mitogenesis and cytokines secretion

Background: Staphylococcal superantigens are virulence factors that help the pathogen escape the immune system and develop an infection. Toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1 is one of the most studied superantigens whose role in toxic shock syndrome and some particular disorders have been demonstrated. Inhibiting TSST-1 production with antibiotics and targeting TSST-1 with monoclonal antibodies might be one of the best strategies to prevent TSST-1-induced cytokines storm followed by lethality. Results: : A novel single-chain fragment variable (scFv), MS473, against TSST-1 was identified by selecting an scFv phage library on the TSST-1 protein. The MS473 scFv showed picomolar affinity and specific binding to TSST-1. Moreover, MS473 could significantly prevent TSST-1-induced mitogenicity and cytokine production. Conclusions: : Using traditional antibiotics with an anti-TSST-1 scFv as a safe and effective agent leads to deleting the source of infection and prevents the detrimental effects of the toxin disseminated into the whole body.