Juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: Case report

Juvenile granulosa cell tumors (JGCTs) are rare ovarian neoplasms belonging to the sex cord–stromal tumor group, accounting for a small proportion of ovarian malignancies in children and adolescents. They may present with abdominal symptoms or signs of hormonal activity. We report the case of a 15-year-old girl with no history of precocious puberty who presented with pelvic pain and progressive abdominal bloating. There were no signs of hyperandrogenism or estrogen excess. Pelvic ultrasound revealed a large unilateral adnexal mass, and tumor markers were within normal limits. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, which identified an enlarged ovary with an intact capsule. A unilateral adnexectomy was performed, preserving the contralateral ovary and uterus. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of a juvenile granulosa cell tumor, characterized by Call-Exner bodies and nuclear grooves. No extra-ovarian spread was observed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on day five. Follow-up at six months showed no evidence of recurrence. JGCTs should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ovarian masses in adolescents, even in the absence of hormonal symptoms. Early diagnosis and fertility-sparing surgery can provide favorable outcomes, with close postoperative surveillance essential to detect recurrence.