Reduktion der Schmerzwahrnehmung bei Patientinnen mit Endometriose und chronischen Unterbauchschmerzen durch transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation

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This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded dissertation studied 20 patients with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain to test whether transcranial direct current stimulation (anodal tDCS) over the primary motor cortex reduces pain. Participants received 2 mA anodal tDCS or sham for 20 minutes daily over ten days, with the primary outcome being pressure pain threshold (PPT) and secondary outcomes including NRS, skin sensitivity (Von Frey monofilaments), and questionnaires (Beck Depression Inventory and Pain Catastrophizing Scale). Anodal tDCS produced a significant increase in abdominal PPT versus placebo that remained significant at follow-up, and NRS decreased significantly only in the verum group after the intervention but was no longer significantly different from placebo at follow-up; pain catastrophizing decreased significantly at follow-up for anodal tDCS. This paper relates to endometriosis and/or adenomyosis because it is centrally about endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain and evaluates tDCS as a pain-reduction intervention in this population.

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Abstract

Background: Endometriosis is one of the most common conditions affecting women of reproductive age, often associated with chronic abdominal pain (CPP). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an established, non-invasive method of stimulating the brain that has been shown to alter excitability in underlying brain areas. There are numerous promising study results on the reduction of chronic pain among others in neuropathic or central pain by tDCS. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pain-reducing properties of tDCS in patients with CPP due to endometriosis. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study included 20 patients with endometriosis and CPP (defined as : ≥3/10 on the numeric rating scale (NRS), duration ≥3 months in the last 6 months). Anodal tDCS or sham stimulation were applied over the primary motor cortex with 2 mA for 20 minutes over a period of ten days. The primary end point was the statistically signficant reduction of pain using the pressure pain threshold measurement (PPT). Secondary endpoints were changes in NRS, changes in skin sensitivity using Von Frey Monofilaments (VFM), and the results of various questionnaires (Beck’s Depression Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale). One week after the final intervention, data were collected again during a follow-up examination. Results: A significant reduction in pain in the anodal tDCS group compared to the placebo group was shown. The analgesic effect of anodal tDCS was reflected in an increased abdominal pressure pain threshold (equivalent to pain reduction), which remained significant at follow-up-examination. In addition, tDCS resulted in a significant NRS-reduction only in the verum group after ten days of intervention, which was no longer significantly lower compared to placbo at follow-up examination. Furthermore, there was a reduction in pain catastrophizing, which was significant at follow-up for anodal tDCS but not directly post-intervention. Conclusion: Transcranial direct current stimulation proved to be an effective method for pain reduction in patients with chronic endometriosis-associated pain and could be a component of modern, individualized, multimodal pain therapy concepts in the future. Furthermore, the results support the role of central sensitization as a contributing factor to developing and maintaining chronice pelvic pain.
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Haupttitel: Reduktion der Schmerzwahrnehmung bei Patientinnen mit Endometriose und chronischen Unterbauchschmerzen durch transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation Titel übersetzt: Reduction of pain perception in patients with endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain by transcranial direct current stimulation Autor*in: Grünert, Jackie Erscheinungsjahr: 2024 Datum der Freigabe: 2024-03-21T12:03:11Z Abstract: Background: Endometriosis is one of the most common conditions affecting women of reproductive age, often associated with chronic abdominal pain (CPP). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an established, non-invasive method of stimulating the brain that has been shown to alter excitability in underlying brain areas. There are numerous promising study results on the reduction of chronic pain among others in neuropathic or central pain by tDCS. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pain-reducing properties of tDCS in patients with CPP due to endometriosis. Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study included 20 patients with endometriosis and CPP (defined as : ≥3/10 on the numeric rating scale (NRS), duration ≥3 months in the last 6 months). Anodal tDCS or sham stimulation were applied over the primary motor cortex with 2 mA for 20 minutes over a period of ten days. The primary end point was the statistically signficant reduction of pain using the pressure pain threshold measurement (PPT). Secondary endpoints were changes in NRS, changes in skin sensitivity using Von Frey Monofilaments (VFM), and the results of various questionnaires (Beck’s Depression Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale). One week after the final intervention, data were collected again during a follow-up examination. Results: A significant reduction in pain in the anodal tDCS group compared to the placebo group was shown. The analgesic effect of anodal tDCS was reflected in an increased abdominal pressure pain threshold (equivalent to pain reduction), which remained significant at follow-up-examination. In addition, tDCS resulted in a significant NRS-reduction only in the verum group after ten days of intervention, which was no longer significantly lower compared to placbo at follow-up examination. Furthermore, there was a reduction in pain catastrophizing, which was significant at follow-up for anodal tDCS but not directly post-intervention. Conclusion: Transcranial direct current stimulation proved to be an effective method for pain reduction in patients with chronic endometriosis-associated pain and could be a component of modern, individualized, multimodal pain therapy concepts in the future. Furthermore, the results support the role of central sensitization as a contributing factor to developing and maintaining chronice pelvic pain. Einleitung: Endometriose ist eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen von Frauen im reproduktiven Alter, die häufig mit chronischen Unterleibschmerzen (CPP) assoziiert ist. Die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation (tDCS) ist eine etablierte, nicht-invasive Methode zur Stimulation des Gehirns, die nachweislich die Erregbarkeit in darunterliegenden Gehirnarealen verändert. Es gibt zahlreiche vielversprechende Studienergebnisse zur Reduktion von chronischen Schmerzen unter anderen bei neuropathischen oder zentralen Schmerzen durch tDCS. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, die schmerzreduzierenden Eigenschaften von tDCS bei Patientinnen mit CPP aufgrund von Endometriose zu untersuchen. Methoden: Diese randomisierte, Placebo-kontrollierte und doppel-verblindete Studie umfasste 20 Patientinnen mit Endometriose und CPP (definiert als: Intensität ≥3/10 auf der numerischen Rating-Skala (NRS), Dauer ≥3 Monate in den letzten 6 Monaten). Anodale tDCS oder Placebostimulation wurde für 20 Minuten an zehn Tagen über dem primären motorischen Kortex mit einer Stromstärke von 2 mA appliziert. Primärer Endpunkt war die statistisch signifikante Schmerzreduktion anhand der Druckschmerzschwellenmessung (PPT). Sekundäre Endpunkte waren Veränderungen der NRS, Veränderungen der Hautsensitivität mittels Von Frey Monofilamenten (VFM) und die Ergebnisse verschiedener Fragebögen (Beck-Depressions-Inventar, Pain Catastrophizing Scale). Eine Woche nach Beendigung der Intervention erfolgte eine erneute Erhebung der Daten im Rahmen einer Follow-Up Untersuchung. Ergebnisse: In der anodalen tDCS-Gruppe kam es zu einer signifikanten Schmerzreduktion im Vergleich zur Placebogruppe. Der analgetische Effekt der anodalen tDCS äußerte sich durch eine signifikant erhöhte PPT des Abdomens (entsprechend einer Schmerzreduktion), welche zum Follow-Up weiterhin bestand und signifikant war. Zudem resultierte die tDCS nach der zehntägigen Intervention in einer signifikanten Reduktion der NRS ausschließlich in der Verumgruppe, die zum Follow-Up nicht mehr signifikant war. Es kam weiterhin zu einer beim Follow-Up signifikanten Verringerung des Schmerzkatastrophisierens nach anodaler tDCS. Schlussfolgerung: Die transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation erwies sich als wirksame Methode zur Schmerzreduktion bei Patientinnen mit chronischen Endometriose-assoziierten Schmerzen bzw. CPP und könnte zukünftig ein Bestandteil in individualisierten, multimodalen Schmerztherapiekonzepten sein. Die Ergebnisse stützen zudem die Theorie, dass die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von CPP, Prozessen der zentralen Sensibilisierung zugrunde liegt. Identifier: Sprache: Deutsch Freie Schlagwörter: transcranial direct current stimulation endometriosis chronic pelvic pain endometriosis chronic pelvic pain DDC-Klassifikation: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit Publikationstyp: Dissertation Fachbereich/Einrichtung: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin

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