A High-Efficiency Mg-1Bi-0.5Nd Anode Magnesium Alloy for Discharge Applications

A High-Efficiency Mg-1Bi-0.5Nd Anode Magnesium Alloy for Discharge Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article A High-Efficiency Mg-1Bi-0.5Nd Anode Magnesium Alloy for Discharge Applications Tingting Song, Fu Yang, Xiaowei Niu, Zheng Jia This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7092464/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 26 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A novel homogeneous Mg-1Bi-0.5x(x = Gd, Y, Nd, Ce, La) alloy was fabricated in this study, and its electrochemical properties as well as discharge characteristics as an anode material for magnesium-air batteries were systematically investigated through electrochemical tests and battery discharge experiments. The results demonstrate that the addition of Nd promotes the formation of a refined grain structure and semi-continuous network-distributed NdBi secondary phase, which significantly enhances discharge performance. Microstructural analysis reveals that the discharge products of Mg-1Bi-0.5Nd exhibit a loose, porous morphology. This structure facilitates product exfoliation via crack propagation, thereby improving electrolyte accessibility and enhancing the anode’s discharge stability and efficiency. At a current density of 20 mA·cm⁻², the alloy achieves a specific capacity of 1492.54 mAh·g⁻¹ and an anodic efficiency of 68.5%, representing a 114.1% improvement over AZ31. These results highlight its superior discharge performance. Physical sciences/Chemistry Physical sciences/Energy science and technology Physical sciences/Materials science Rare earth elements Magnesium-air battery Electrochemical performance Discharge performance Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 26 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 12 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 07 Aug, 2025 Reviews received at journal 01 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Jul, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 22 Jul, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 22 Jul, 2025 Editor invited by journal 22 Jul, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Jul, 2025 First submitted to journal 16 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7092464","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":489851744,"identity":"40aa0d91-166a-4772-9028-38348acc45bd","order_by":0,"name":"Tingting Song","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shenyang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tingting","middleName":"","lastName":"Song","suffix":""},{"id":489851745,"identity":"fe96f9a0-53b5-4be5-98b2-c149e6a769e5","order_by":1,"name":"Fu Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shenyang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fu","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":489851746,"identity":"d2a5215c-5382-46cc-bb2b-35b9ab85c53c","order_by":2,"name":"Xiaowei Niu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shenyang University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaowei","middleName":"","lastName":"Niu","suffix":""},{"id":489851747,"identity":"94aca507-23a4-40a4-b5ff-e2da4e8b1e5e","order_by":3,"name":"Zheng Jia","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAp0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgbGBoOECgk5eRK0MDcUfDhjYWzYQLw97A0fZ7ZVJDIcIFYDc//Bxs288yQSgNY9fHSDOIcdbDbm3SaRx87AZmycQ5SWxsY2kJZixgYeNmnitDQztv/mnSOR2HCAaC1tjA2GMxtI0tIDjJcPxySMDZuJ9Yth//EHBgk1dXLy7M0PHxOnpQHGYiZGOQgQn05GwSgYBaNg5AIAxb4wFWAbPtIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Shenyang University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Jia","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-10 11:23:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7092464/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7092464/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-33101-8","type":"published","date":"2025-12-26T15:58:20+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":99172416,"identity":"18b9effa-935f-43d7-97c9-f3900a914519","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-29 16:09:11","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1123560,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"MagnesiumAlloyforDischargeApplications0715.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7092464/v1_covered_a553ef45-0ba9-43dd-85e2-74f732e155b0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A High-Efficiency Mg-1Bi-0.5Nd Anode Magnesium Alloy for Discharge Applications","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Rare earth elements, Magnesium-air battery, Electrochemical performance, Discharge performance","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7092464/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7092464/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA novel homogeneous Mg-1Bi-0.5x(x\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Gd, Y, Nd, Ce, La) alloy was fabricated in this study, and its electrochemical properties as well as discharge characteristics as an anode material for magnesium-air batteries were systematically investigated through electrochemical tests and battery discharge experiments. The results demonstrate that the addition of Nd promotes the formation of a refined grain structure and semi-continuous network-distributed NdBi secondary phase, which significantly enhances discharge performance. Microstructural analysis reveals that the discharge products of Mg-1Bi-0.5Nd exhibit a loose, porous morphology. This structure facilitates product exfoliation via crack propagation, thereby improving electrolyte accessibility and enhancing the anode\u0026rsquo;s discharge stability and efficiency. At a current density of 20 mA\u0026middot;cm⁻\u0026sup2;, the alloy achieves a specific capacity of 1492.54 mAh\u0026middot;g⁻\u0026sup1; and an anodic efficiency of 68.5%, representing a 114.1% improvement over AZ31. 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