Study of strontium hexaferrite prepared by solid state reaction using celestite and hematite

Study of strontium hexaferrite prepared by solid state reaction using celestite and hematite | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Study of strontium hexaferrite prepared by solid state reaction using celestite and hematite João Barbosa Neto, Carlos Henrique Nascimento Cordeiro, Meirielle Marques de Góis, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9105068/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Strontium hexaferrite (SrM) powders were prepared by solid-state reaction using celestite and magnetite/hematite. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used for analyses. The precursor ores were purified by levigation and magnetic separation. Magnetic separation yielded 75% magnetite and 25% hematite in iron ore. Strontium reached a single phase of SrSO4 via levigation. XRD confirmed single-phase SrFe12O19 sample with hexagonal symmetry (space group P63/mmc). EDS analyse confirmed that the percentage of elements is in agreement with the expected stoichiometry for the hexaferrite phase. Initial SrM sample exhibited magnetization at maximum field of 56 emu/g and coercive field of 632 Oe. Although remanence and coercivity were lower than expected for the initial SrM sample, due to wide particle size distribution observed in SEM images, by optimizing synthesis parameters, particularly annealing at 950°C, the coercivity increased by nearly eightfold, reaching 4.96 kOe. Microstructural evidence confirmed the predominance of particles in the monodomain regime, which justifies the increase in the coercive field. The results demonstrate that microstructural control is decisive for tuning the magnetic response of SrM, enabling the large-scale viability of this synthesis route for the production of high-coercivity hexaferrites, using a direct mixture of minerals instead of conventional industrial reagents. Strontium hexaferrite Minerals Solid-state reaction Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 09 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 08 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 03 Apr, 2026 Reviews received at journal 30 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 15 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 14 Mar, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Mar, 2026 First submitted to journal 12 Mar, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9105068","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":606757852,"identity":"c6634481-89bc-4473-af02-27f3eedbf105","order_by":0,"name":"João Barbosa Neto","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Rio Grande do Norte","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"João","middleName":"Barbosa","lastName":"Neto","suffix":""},{"id":606757853,"identity":"54a6e204-7542-4f6b-9c39-6320edc551de","order_by":1,"name":"Carlos Henrique Nascimento Cordeiro","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Ceara","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Carlos","middleName":"Henrique Nascimento","lastName":"Cordeiro","suffix":""},{"id":606757856,"identity":"313827ad-52e7-4be5-8715-0372e5744a7e","order_by":2,"name":"Meirielle Marques de Góis","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Rio Grande do Norte","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Meirielle","middleName":"Marques","lastName":"de Góis","suffix":""},{"id":606757857,"identity":"94ab3323-205f-4c60-ad6c-f9794233d063","order_by":3,"name":"José Jayson Xavier de Sousa","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Rio Grande do Norte","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"José","middleName":"Jayson Xavier","lastName":"de Sousa","suffix":""},{"id":606757859,"identity":"943fc904-caf6-4e2c-89ee-05f182a062e5","order_by":4,"name":"João Maria Soares","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"State University of Rio Grande do Norte","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"João","middleName":"Maria","lastName":"Soares","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-03-12 12:56:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9105068/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9105068/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":105033546,"identity":"36f9345b-fe96-4396-969b-10a7c30b861a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-20 07:19:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3400934,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9105068/v1_covered_861d7d1c-3417-4ac8-b8ae-f5db88526796.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Study of strontium hexaferrite prepared by solid state reaction using celestite and hematite","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"physics-and-chemistry-of-minerals","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pcmi","sideBox":"Learn more about [Physics and Chemistry of Minerals](http://link.springer.com/journal/269)","snPcode":"269","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/269/3","title":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Strontium hexaferrite, Minerals, Solid-state reaction","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9105068/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9105068/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Strontium hexaferrite (SrM) powders were prepared by solid-state reaction using celestite and magnetite/hematite. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used for analyses. The precursor ores were purified by levigation and magnetic separation. Magnetic separation yielded 75% magnetite and 25% hematite in iron ore. Strontium reached a single phase of SrSO4 via levigation. XRD confirmed single-phase SrFe12O19 sample with hexagonal symmetry (space group P63/mmc). EDS analyse confirmed that the percentage of elements is in agreement with the expected stoichiometry for the hexaferrite phase. Initial SrM sample exhibited magnetization at maximum field of 56 emu/g and coercive field of 632 Oe. Although remanence and coercivity were lower than expected for the initial SrM sample, due to wide particle size distribution observed in SEM images, by optimizing synthesis parameters, particularly annealing at 950°C, the coercivity increased by nearly eightfold, reaching 4.96 kOe. Microstructural evidence confirmed the predominance of particles in the monodomain regime, which justifies the increase in the coercive field. The results demonstrate that microstructural control is decisive for tuning the magnetic response of SrM, enabling the large-scale viability of this synthesis route for the production of high-coercivity hexaferrites, using a direct mixture of minerals instead of conventional industrial reagents.","manuscriptTitle":"Study of strontium hexaferrite prepared by solid state reaction using celestite and hematite","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-17 22:31:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9105068/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-04-09T22:52:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-08T11:42:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-04-03T12:56:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-30T12:06:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"318226852112430540897953081199764643647","date":"2026-03-20T20:09:39+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"137990453774894403027574127800868308518","date":"2026-03-17T09:40:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"293683070468866549926927852449678839243","date":"2026-03-16T06:02:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-15T20:03:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-03-14T08:50:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-03-14T08:49:20+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","date":"2026-03-12T12:40:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"physics-and-chemistry-of-minerals","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pcmi","sideBox":"Learn more about [Physics and Chemistry of Minerals](http://link.springer.com/journal/269)","snPcode":"269","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/269/3","title":"Physics and Chemistry of Minerals","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9975f11f-c07c-47d0-87ff-96a5c7496337","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 17th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-09T23:08:07+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-17 22:31:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9105068","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9105068","identity":"rs-9105068","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}