Wavelength-tunable and 180 nm-bandwidth second-order nonlinear frequency conversions in all-fiber system

Wavelength-tunable and 180 nm-bandwidth second-order nonlinear frequency conversions in all-fiber system | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Wavelength-tunable and 180 nm-bandwidth second-order nonlinear frequency conversions in all-fiber system Zhen Hao, Yuxin Ma, Biqiang Jiang, Xuetao Gan, Jianlin Zhao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7763236/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Achieving broadband second-order nonlinear processes in a fully integrated fiber platform has long been a challenge, as silica fibers intrinsically lack second-order nonlinear susceptibility due to their centrosymmetric and amorphous structure. Here, we introduce an all-fiber strategy that overcomes this limitation by integrating microfibers with few-layer gallium selenide crystals, enabling controlled and broadband optical frequency mixing. We reveal the critical role of time-domain synchronization in sum-frequency generation (SFG) and demonstrate multi-frequency mixing from four continuous-wave sources, producing ten converted wavelengths through simultaneous second-harmonic generation (SHG) and SFG. Remarkably, the system operates at low excitation thresholds, supporting broadband SFG with two superluminescent diode sources and yielding an unprecedented SHG continuum extending to approximately 180 nm with a supercontinuum source. Furthermore, the broadband SFG spectrum can be tuned over 70 nm by coupling with a quasi-monochromatic laser. This approach establishes a scalable and versatile platform for regulating the wavelength and bandwidth of nonlinear processes in optical fibers, opening pathways toward tunable broadband light sources and advanced all-fiber photonic technologies. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics Physical sciences/Physics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryInformation.docx ControllablebroadbandSFGcontinuum.avi Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 15 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 10 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 12 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 12 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 01 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7763236","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":546444777,"identity":"5ead616d-78cf-430b-8df6-04bd823f1e11","order_by":0,"name":"Zhen Hao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhen","middleName":"","lastName":"Hao","suffix":""},{"id":546444778,"identity":"0e982561-a433-4128-9190-417804a9042d","order_by":1,"name":"Yuxin Ma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Northwestern Polytechnical 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