Output feedback control of a fractional-order model of the lung impedance

Output feedback control of a fractional-order model of the lung impedance | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Output feedback control of a fractional-order model of the lung impedance Hadamez Kuzminskas, Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira, Roberto Kawakami Harrop Galvao, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3881657/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A fractional order output feedback controller for a lung ventilator is designed. This is based on a state-of-the-art electrical analogue model of the human respiratory system in the form of a network of fractional capacitors and resistors. The electrical input impedance of the adopted analogue is sufficiently flexible so it can adjust to experimental ventilation impedance data. Furthermore, it can explicitly account for the different physiological fractal type characteristics associated with lung formation such as branching morphogenesis associated to the treelike tubular network and alveolar differentiation associated with the generation of specialized epithelial cells for gas exchange. A description of this electrical analogue in pseudo-state space is then proposed. The aim is to finally provide a control methodology within the scope of output feedback control, when the measured output which is the airflow through the trachea is directed to follow a specified reference. The control provides adequate air pressure input to generate this nominal airflow. The proposed control design includes a pseudo-state observer and a double leaky integrator. The gains involved are designed using additional constraints imposed through linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which enforce a regional allocation of eigenvalues. The robustness of the control loop is analyzed through an uncertainty matrix analysis linked directly to the model. It is observed that the proposed design can tolerate a relatively wide variation in physiological parameters (±15%). The proposed formulation advances current control design approaches for mechanical ventilators and provides a generic methodology bridging the gap between modern control theory, complex system analysis of emergent responses and bioengineering. Physical sciences/Engineering/Biomedical engineering Physical sciences/Engineering/Electrical and electronic engineering Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryMaterial.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 29 Apr, 2024 Reviews received at journal 26 Apr, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Apr, 2024 Reviews received at journal 01 Apr, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Mar, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Feb, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 11 Feb, 2024 Editor invited by journal 25 Jan, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 25 Jan, 2024 First submitted to journal 20 Jan, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3881657","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":269716513,"identity":"5360f187-206b-4b72-a2c9-60d9bbe98a4c","order_by":0,"name":"Hadamez Kuzminskas","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"S ˜ ao Paulo State University (UNESP), Ilha Solteira","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hadamez","middleName":"","lastName":"Kuzminskas","suffix":""},{"id":269716514,"identity":"e09eeecd-9e74-4101-86bb-f5043b1ebb6c","order_by":1,"name":"Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"S ˜ ao Paulo 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This is based on a state-of-the-art electrical analogue model of the human respiratory system in the form of a network of fractional capacitors and resistors. The electrical input impedance of the adopted analogue is sufficiently flexible so it can adjust to experimental ventilation impedance data. Furthermore, it can explicitly account for the different physiological fractal type characteristics associated with lung formation such as branching morphogenesis associated to the treelike tubular network and alveolar differentiation associated with the generation of specialized epithelial cells for gas exchange. A description of this electrical analogue in pseudo-state space is then proposed. The aim is to finally provide a control methodology within the scope of output feedback control, when the measured output which is the airflow through the trachea is directed to follow a specified reference. The control provides adequate air pressure input to generate this nominal airflow. The proposed control design includes a pseudo-state observer and a double leaky integrator. The gains involved are designed using additional constraints imposed through linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which enforce a regional allocation of eigenvalues. The robustness of the control loop is analyzed through an uncertainty matrix analysis linked directly to the model. It is observed that the proposed design can tolerate a relatively wide variation in physiological parameters (±15%). 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