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by claude@2026-07, 2026-07-03
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The paper analyzed 320 SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced in Guatemala City, Guatemala, from April to August 2021 to characterize viral variant diversity during the introduction and spread of the Delta clade, alongside reported patient symptoms. Delta (clade 21J) was the predominant variant (46.2%), followed by 19B (29.4%) and Gamma (20J, 6.6%), and common symptoms included cough, headache, malaise, and myalgia/arthralgia, with fever history reported about twofold more often in Delta infections than in non-Delta infections. The study found that a smaller proportion of Delta-infected patients reported being contacts of confirmed cases (39.9%) compared with non-Delta infections (53.2%), and it notes limited sequencing capacity in Central America as the broader motivation/caveat for data scarcity. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic surveillance is crucial for understanding viral evolution and guiding public health responses. However, many countries, particularly in Central America, have limited sequencing capacity, resulting in scarce and delayed data. This study addresses this gap by analyzing 320 SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced from a major diagnostic center in Guatemala City, Guatemala, between April and August 2021. Clade 21J (Delta) was predominant (46.2%), followed by 19B (29.4%) and 20J (Gamma, 6.6%). The most reported symptoms were cough, headache, malaise, and myalgia/arthralgia. Among patients infected with the Delta variant, 39.9% reported being contacts from a confirmed case, less than reported by the patients infected with non-Delta variants (53.2%, p= 0.017). The proportion of signs and symptoms was similar among these two groups, except for the history of fever which was increased ~2-fold in the Delta group. This research contributes valuable genomic and epidemiological data to elucidate SARS-CoV-2 variant dynamics in Central America and emphasizes the importance of global genomic surveillance for pandemic preparedness and response.
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Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomic surveillance is crucial for understanding viral evolution and guiding public health responses. However, many countries, particularly in Central America, have limited sequencing capacity, resulting in scarce and delayed data. This study addresses this gap by analyzing 320 SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequenced from a major diagnostic center in Guatemala City, Guatemala, between April and August 2021. Clade 21J (Delta) was predominant (46.2%), followed by 19B (29.4%) and 20J (Gamma, 6.6%). The most reported symptoms were cough, headache, malaise, and myalgia/arthralgia. Among patients infected with the Delta variant, 39.9% reported being contacts from a confirmed case, less than reported by the patients infected with non-Delta variants (53.2%, p= 0.017). The proportion of signs and symptoms was similar among these two groups, except for the history of fever which was increased ~2-fold in the Delta group. This research contributes valuable genomic and epidemiological data to elucidate SARS-CoV-2 variant dynamics in Central America and emphasizes the importance of global genomic surveillance for pandemic preparedness and response.
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Funding
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National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
(Award S10OD026880)
- Principal Award Recipient: Not Applicable
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National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
(Award S10OD030463)
- Principal Award Recipient: Not Applicable
-
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
(Award GRANT12901999, project accession no.1022658)
- Principal Award Recipient: Daniel R. Perez
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Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance
(Award Contract # HHSN272201400008C)
- Principal Award Recipient: Harm van Bakel
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Centers of Excellence for Influenza Research and Response
(Award contract # 75N93021C00014)
- Principal Award Recipient: Harm van Bakel
-
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
(Award UL1TR004419)
- Principal Award Recipient: Not Applicable
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