Effect of Injection Hole Geometry on Film-Cooling Performance of Turbine Blades under Different Free-Stream Turbulence Conditions and Blowing Ratios

Effect of Injection Hole Geometry on Film-Cooling Performance of Turbine Blades under Different Free-Stream Turbulence Conditions and Blowing Ratios | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effect of Injection Hole Geometry on Film-Cooling Performance of Turbine Blades under Different Free-Stream Turbulence Conditions and Blowing Ratios Tuong-Linh Nha, Viet-Cuong Ta, Cong-Truong Dinh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7967914/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The film cooling method using various geometric hole shapes has played a crucial role in the cooling of high-pressure turbine blades. ANSYS CFX software was employed to simulate film cooling on turbine blades. The problem was analyzed using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the SST k-𝜔 turbulence model and low y⁺ values (less than 2). The results show that improving the hole geometry consistently enhances the cooling effectiveness on turbine blades compared to cylindrical holes. This study was conducted under three different free-stream turbulence intensities (Tu = 3.6%, 7.5%, and 11%) and four different blowing ratios (M = 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1). The results indicate that, at the same blowing ratio, the cooling effectiveness of the improved rectangular inlet and outlet hole is significantly higher than that of the cylindrical hole under all turbulence levels. Specifically, at a low blowing ratio of M = 0.025, the improved hole’s peak effectiveness is over 73% higher than that of the cylindrical hole. At a higher blowing ratio of M = 0.1, the peak effectiveness of the improved hole exceeds that of the cylindrical hole by 86%. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 27 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 17 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Nov, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Nov, 2025 Editor invited by journal 06 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 29 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 29 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 28 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7967914","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":536751092,"identity":"895d0c24-64e5-4db7-9d3f-8349e2f606ad","order_by":0,"name":"Tuong-Linh Nha","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACPmYGNiB1AMqtgDJ48Ghhg2mBKDoD1MJGSAsDshbGNmK0sPMee8C44468vUTysYdf591JnD+/gfHB2zaGxO04HcaXbsB45plhj0RaurHstmeJG44xMBvOBWrZ2YBLC4+ZBGPbYcYeiRwzaclthxM3sDGwSfO2MRgbHMCvxR6iZc7hxPltDOy/idGSCNIi+bHhcGLDMaAgUIscXi2JbYeTe848S5NmOHbYeMOxxGbJOeckcGrh5z9jJvGx7bBte3vyMckfNYdl5zcfPvjhTZkNDy4tYJAApZkh0cHYACQk8KhHAow/iFM3CkbBKBgFIwwAAMeEVUJ+G/NQAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tuong-Linh","middleName":"","lastName":"Nha","suffix":""},{"id":536751093,"identity":"cc8377ea-4d26-4c0a-9ee8-2d7664ece506","order_by":1,"name":"Viet-Cuong Ta","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Viet-Cuong","middleName":"","lastName":"Ta","suffix":""},{"id":536751094,"identity":"6cc87ebd-00cf-4c18-8a1d-b4d10a061ca7","order_by":2,"name":"Cong-Truong Dinh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cong-Truong","middleName":"","lastName":"Dinh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-10-28 16:36:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7967914/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7967914/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":94714505,"identity":"13cab157-5f40-46b0-aef4-ed5d566fd0ae","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2602860,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"EffectofInjectionHoleGeometryonFilmCoolingPerformanceReviewpaper.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/fafbf6e0b2264dfe783e95f3.docx"},{"id":94714482,"identity":"d62ac1e6-40b4-47cc-9fbf-29417c491483","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:53","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4988,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"78b438cd57124666bab15e2a120e6878.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/48504a05211b88c7264380dd.json"},{"id":94728685,"identity":"4890a153-2196-4119-a071-f771b7db23ff","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:04:10","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":123518,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"78b438cd57124666bab15e2a120e68781enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/d9427dcffe9fc1e7a65f2c7a.xml"},{"id":94714483,"identity":"5a6ba584-eab4-4b8c-a533-0c43a8304bc5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:53","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4241,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/c9148298c171ac20023e02bf.png"},{"id":94729418,"identity":"3d8bebbe-5bda-4190-98db-86be39ee8aa1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:04:56","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":76271,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/3907e00e05b82fb45e0c8773.png"},{"id":94729981,"identity":"b12846a8-d5e7-4de0-a4d0-236ec3d53c60","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:33","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":75359,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/5248c783eab6be327d52aba4.png"},{"id":94714484,"identity":"600d6354-11df-42a1-aad8-0cb6148c1bc8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:53","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":382954,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/e8266173d49aa550396be873.jpeg"},{"id":94729582,"identity":"2b5d8737-aa70-4cef-9565-eb658549bb82","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:10","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":60624,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/6725208db8b2f639f6780da9.jpeg"},{"id":94714485,"identity":"7e93c8fc-b916-45a9-b2c2-784af14846e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:53","extension":"jpeg","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":200787,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/f70495ebe5f8f9d1ec62774a.jpeg"},{"id":94714490,"identity":"6a8442dc-2a91-4c26-b127-c3686d5efc1f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:53","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":25839,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/ed78d67252072c5e65425238.png"},{"id":94714508,"identity":"2f888bc6-3e62-4b65-8881-7b3a190c897c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":106536,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/046fb1ad87fce248b5ca3db2.png"},{"id":94729533,"identity":"2de570b0-2bba-4374-8d0d-1bce442e3437","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:07","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":56361,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage17.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/077ed5602c058792cd4e3858.png"},{"id":94728720,"identity":"5cafd411-ea11-48fc-99a6-441b41bbd1ac","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:04:13","extension":"png","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":174919,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage18.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/bb403e6f6a4051eac7478f36.png"},{"id":94729997,"identity":"de3970c4-f24e-41b9-95ea-26ff8f782853","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:33","extension":"png","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":186767,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage19.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/6bb348347eadcc7d6addf2bd.png"},{"id":94714487,"identity":"1be5f57f-d5ac-4ae0-a720-92edbec2d1e4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:53","extension":"jpeg","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1074,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/0c4b3fd5b7c5f8c39442423b.jpeg"},{"id":94714500,"identity":"3e80e2cd-92d7-4aaa-bec6-b521efd23ab3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":55183,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage20.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/1550f725382203dddd24f170.png"},{"id":94729514,"identity":"f9cd688d-c876-40c0-8c3d-c91e4e03a637","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:04","extension":"png","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9264,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage21.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/e55723b9e2d97e4c1436b919.png"},{"id":94714514,"identity":"24eef08a-bbaf-4e64-bc81-7df3fba19deb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4731,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage22.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/0411edca2d4a376e0823a26d.png"},{"id":94714504,"identity":"6acff793-36fd-4a93-8187-f4520380e634","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":44400,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage23.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/c503bd866c6eb7124eb0ea14.png"},{"id":94714497,"identity":"f5968a00-2a49-4fda-84f4-8f8ce3ffdaaf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":141225,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage24.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/4726df69ea11019f69ec5757.png"},{"id":94714495,"identity":"9ddd4d7f-81b9-412b-85d2-0e6beee3cb7a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":32803,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage25.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/53bff3bce62962e5b2fb6bbe.png"},{"id":94714506,"identity":"10c1f375-2827-4ed5-b321-6f1c2891bd3a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":35828,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage26.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/8119b5693f71e13ec5dca2ee.png"},{"id":94714491,"identity":"f74498d0-d6c8-4119-b084-77f606588030","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:53","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":51554,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage27.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/9d5c4463b873f97e86b2075a.png"},{"id":94714526,"identity":"5151fa0e-36d2-41b5-b6ff-51a9c45afa9d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":28373,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage28.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/61db64dbadf20aff96a74763.png"},{"id":94714494,"identity":"ce648b9e-2169-40b1-a788-f9a367ab0d95","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:53","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":24043,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage29.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/4cac71e8633c6d267ec9de70.png"},{"id":94714496,"identity":"adfee096-c6ca-4900-b288-799afe68845e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":3410,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/8b541448cb27ad65d6dac886.jpeg"},{"id":94714516,"identity":"34d986ad-6bc8-45a5-bf56-f63c14414a2a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":68052,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage30.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/14a175147efd6b3fe8161b4f.jpeg"},{"id":94714551,"identity":"b689970a-6495-463e-bb2b-f9cfdb92265a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"jpeg","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":121743,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage31.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/ed98a8a778511792c149ba25.jpeg"},{"id":94714553,"identity":"4f13e48c-112f-40da-8340-250072da0f9f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"jpeg","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":114363,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage32.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/cdd15ede96ee18fb9aec83ed.jpeg"},{"id":94714513,"identity":"02aecc3f-fa24-43c1-9be5-ec5c335fb88e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":287496,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage33.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/aa99e5c8e3b6ddea188616ce.png"},{"id":94714499,"identity":"3100f520-5ca4-42c9-abbf-32aee35bdd80","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":95016,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/5a41a4cf1a72d63fd16ef592.jpeg"},{"id":94714502,"identity":"461872f4-5765-4b6d-9d19-687a9aedcd0d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":59207,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/fd6bf505defd82f9bf585656.jpeg"},{"id":94714529,"identity":"59417db0-9d91-493c-956f-0528cf372231","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":34494,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/a07575f8913f656c9abf47bb.png"},{"id":94730069,"identity":"1576c7c5-a81f-4c25-bb69-f272c9dbad07","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:38","extension":"jpeg","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":90802,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/c34e2cc30ea147445bdbf98d.jpeg"},{"id":94730007,"identity":"83226878-d4f6-4284-9412-c17e09ecba5c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:34","extension":"png","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":79062,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/7d133e0b9f1880fd40714be0.png"},{"id":94714509,"identity":"853ea59d-a2a6-4956-b7c2-49c777de8224","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":35,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":25340,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/9f1f350198ef61301fe44388.png"},{"id":94714512,"identity":"4e7efb6d-f933-47e7-83ec-818e86af7687","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":36,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2793,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"groupimage1.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/3a07c7e19badf939b7f620ec.jpeg"},{"id":94714511,"identity":"6ebe9bfe-cc5c-4600-b801-fe9066eb07a5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"jpeg","order_by":37,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":13415,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"groupimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/8e587c4d504be4fdb5a8b048.jpeg"},{"id":94729983,"identity":"65e7cdce-066e-4567-8725-ed29de105992","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:33","extension":"png","order_by":38,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":1329,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/e5403a1d76fb99901724f6b1.png"},{"id":94714542,"identity":"3a3be370-52f0-4c03-9307-af6a40482225","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":39,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":20349,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/4984f4120112596d8e45d71f.png"},{"id":94729727,"identity":"251b6f0b-f80b-47ea-a87f-df2e0de65bdc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:20","extension":"png","order_by":40,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":17930,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/a20ce5935390fb6eb76f673e.png"},{"id":94729590,"identity":"c3475ed1-10a5-4e4a-85e0-aeea9a84c521","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:11","extension":"png","order_by":41,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":114188,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/88653013603b9496e0f34525.png"},{"id":94714503,"identity":"bfd2bee3-54f9-41f9-8655-76f347f1a6f4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":42,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7440,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/6b5377068898720d75c15c00.png"},{"id":94714533,"identity":"91d5aed1-ead3-4b3c-958b-c11e4caa0ad4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":43,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":33785,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/4d83fb399643a875cd666528.png"},{"id":94729327,"identity":"90a6ccd2-2aa6-40f1-ace5-bbb3cc0550cc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:04:48","extension":"png","order_by":44,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":24758,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/3151186af878a3bed711e36f.png"},{"id":94714540,"identity":"bec59d06-e43c-4409-95de-6352b6acd8db","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":45,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":17315,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage16.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/c914bb4c4b8852cdf0b7d3a3.png"},{"id":94714538,"identity":"1c7f3763-9869-4db4-b603-dd5a63cb04a1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":46,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":12229,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage17.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/ce454179ca4a5672bd43e548.png"},{"id":94729383,"identity":"8651c831-4493-483e-84e1-da53c614cc82","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:04:53","extension":"png","order_by":47,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":39859,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage18.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/f99db7a93badd4f050640dd9.png"},{"id":94714520,"identity":"8769275e-6144-469e-a40c-312c957447f9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":48,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":28992,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage19.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/b8e3e2c21cb2483eba856e1b.png"},{"id":94729613,"identity":"3c80bf74-e8ea-416f-892b-8efbc093a777","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:12","extension":"png","order_by":49,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":935,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/be8bd4c7190e33908d76f3ca.png"},{"id":94714535,"identity":"859b1cd7-4b7b-4ab2-bc10-9dcbe965ca33","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":50,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15422,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage20.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/6629e6f85a54929f2a4db776.png"},{"id":94728727,"identity":"02b2443b-58bc-444c-a32b-8266122dfcfa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:04:13","extension":"png","order_by":51,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":9000,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage21.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/fd0815290d85fa5db94314b8.png"},{"id":94714519,"identity":"f52b4f4a-5deb-4ca3-acf5-9914d3c52f70","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":52,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4885,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage22.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/7be5fd34eda6f470cae84d85.png"},{"id":94714536,"identity":"222bcf26-3642-4734-8ac7-10cd8c0eb51e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":53,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":6683,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage23.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/65571ed15d7c8fb13afba2bd.png"},{"id":94730404,"identity":"3fce8883-1e1a-4abd-a845-7413d9323c2c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":54,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":29049,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage24.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/b4ad8dc1b3612e965fd73a5a.png"},{"id":94729330,"identity":"9d45ebc8-a2c7-480c-8b7c-f3f0c4d270dc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:04:49","extension":"png","order_by":55,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":32330,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage25.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/13ed75f359b852d4585a8913.png"},{"id":94714530,"identity":"a4265ebf-a3df-41e1-b59e-d940f0d14064","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":56,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":35372,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage26.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/4924b7bd485ddee10f4b7783.png"},{"id":94714521,"identity":"7187b5e9-7fad-4561-8023-17bb66b52580","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":57,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15867,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage27.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/134bf6ee376645c03fe8f30b.png"},{"id":94714543,"identity":"e04955b4-008f-47ab-9d43-04375796d8f5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":58,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":28056,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage28.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/25f2d8af25bfe69bc5488b16.png"},{"id":94729396,"identity":"0c7a41ee-fd7e-4186-a646-ff0a6dd13c87","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:04:54","extension":"png","order_by":59,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":23833,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage29.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/7fd02156620b7f54fb7486ca.png"},{"id":94714546,"identity":"d25d4465-2951-475f-9918-5dbb382243fa","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":60,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":971,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/58f29cde583671152c009f98.png"},{"id":94714528,"identity":"bc844faf-47d6-4bd3-83d7-0f9f38888c0e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":61,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":35674,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage30.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/88d919c2b58e9f2a9701b876.png"},{"id":94729918,"identity":"74ee5283-ac1f-4702-b134-136ff691828b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:29","extension":"png","order_by":62,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":47103,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage31.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/306a6decf7ebf2bda0086fc5.png"},{"id":94729599,"identity":"388041d6-278b-4316-ad39-b92d3f1b1b1a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:11","extension":"png","order_by":63,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":42724,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage32.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/4082c7963bc868d4ff9b45bf.png"},{"id":94714545,"identity":"4200dfec-7d3b-4852-98c3-a3cd014cfbec","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":64,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":55412,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage33.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/936452bf2875f3292c978a5e.png"},{"id":94729610,"identity":"d71c7c31-96a7-49c6-8cd2-cff8a03cbf78","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:12","extension":"png","order_by":65,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":22902,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/c77531a8248f28b83b27a31f.png"},{"id":94714532,"identity":"88a2087f-5863-4a86-88d8-8138e0ece977","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":66,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":24252,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/62f667ad2ab0c45ef4d956a1.png"},{"id":94729324,"identity":"342d7045-3b1f-4cee-b8b6-2c4cf5d9bfd7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:04:48","extension":"png","order_by":67,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":7294,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/fcb4a08b9a5b488fa226531c.png"},{"id":94729480,"identity":"715d0292-2ac0-4e25-b431-8c861492a6ab","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:02","extension":"png","order_by":68,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":23138,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/947a2859e092d787887fdcc2.png"},{"id":94730199,"identity":"896d1ab4-fb95-441c-8021-32ffde75df2d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:46","extension":"png","order_by":69,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15305,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/09dc6734cba8b440dea814c1.png"},{"id":94714525,"identity":"d426c1a5-bc66-4200-9bdb-ab2ccb2abb83","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:54","extension":"png","order_by":70,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":15718,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/8303a096266b1a2c2e080ba4.png"},{"id":94714557,"identity":"a7354af1-d663-49b2-9232-faed94e501c1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:56","extension":"png","order_by":71,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":2013,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinegroupimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/7dd62d3c24b453408f5f6899.png"},{"id":94714555,"identity":"93af5a5f-d8bc-4e1b-9246-4c0b5ddb541f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"png","order_by":72,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":4252,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinegroupimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/86a4d75a983456393eee046b.png"},{"id":94714550,"identity":"11efcc2b-cdf4-4e30-b526-672a7b6dac44","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 03:05:55","extension":"xml","order_by":73,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":121272,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"78b438cd57124666bab15e2a120e68781structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/5791d0b5a5d12d3c01bb6214.xml"},{"id":94729862,"identity":"54aa2892-b787-48c7-bdd0-647203bd8c06","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-30 07:05:26","extension":"html","order_by":74,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":135412,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1/03dcf43a78c97e719894ea1e.html"},{"id":94822729,"identity":"4b1a62d1-7f4e-486e-96ff-61ae6d51a561","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-31 06:43:20","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1238771,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"EffectofInjectionHoleGeometryonFilmCoolingPerformanceReviewpaper.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7967914/v1_covered_1577b28a-9bc2-4695-88d4-301e574fe55b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Effect of Injection Hole Geometry on Film-Cooling Performance of Turbine Blades under Different Free-Stream Turbulence Conditions and Blowing Ratios","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-mechanical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"discmecheng","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Mechanical Engineering](https://www.springer.com/journal/44245)","snPcode":"44245","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44245/3","title":"Discover Mechanical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7967914/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7967914/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe film cooling method using various geometric hole shapes has played a crucial role in the cooling of high-pressure turbine blades. ANSYS CFX software was employed to simulate film cooling on turbine blades. The problem was analyzed using the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations with the SST k-𝜔 turbulence model and low y⁺ values (less than 2). The results show that improving the hole geometry consistently enhances the cooling effectiveness on turbine blades compared to cylindrical holes. This study was conducted under three different free-stream turbulence intensities (Tu = 3.6%, 7.5%, and 11%) and four different blowing ratios (M = 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, and 0.1). The results indicate that, at the same blowing ratio, the cooling effectiveness of the improved rectangular inlet and outlet hole is significantly higher than that of the cylindrical hole under all turbulence levels. Specifically, at a low blowing ratio of M = 0.025, the improved hole’s peak effectiveness is over 73% higher than that of the cylindrical hole. At a higher blowing ratio of M = 0.1, the peak effectiveness of the improved hole exceeds that of the cylindrical hole by 86%.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Effect of Injection Hole Geometry on Film-Cooling Performance of Turbine Blades under Different Free-Stream Turbulence Conditions and Blowing Ratios","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-30 03:05:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7967914/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-28T04:43:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-28T04:40:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-17T08:37:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"18206650575099139668894323396679009650","date":"2025-11-17T07:35:50+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-11-15T17:46:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"159257162760372858876821223176440137398","date":"2025-11-14T17:50:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-12T05:01:41+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-11-07T04:54:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-10-30T02:44:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-10-30T02:43:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Mechanical Engineering","date":"2025-10-28T10:12:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-mechanical-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"discmecheng","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Mechanical Engineering](https://www.springer.com/journal/44245)","snPcode":"44245","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/44245/3","title":"Discover Mechanical Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b39b3c20-93d9-4aa8-b5ea-8564e22c2e6b","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-27T11:26:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-30 03:05:48","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7967914","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7967914","identity":"rs-7967914","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}