Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women

Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast... | F1000Research "use strict";function _typeof(t){return(_typeof="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}!function(){var t=function(){var t,e,o=[],n=window,r=n;for(;r;){try{if(r.frames.__tcfapiLocator){t=r;break}}catch(t){}if(r===n.top)break;r=r.parent}t||(!function t(){var e=n.document,o=!!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator;if(!o)if(e.body){var r=e.createElement("iframe");r.style.cssText="display:none",r.name="__tcfapiLocator",e.body.appendChild(r)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!o}(),n.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),r=0;r 3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===n[0]?"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]({gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):o.push(n)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,o={};if(e)try{o=JSON.parse(t.data)}catch(t){}else o=t.data;var n="object"===_typeof(o)&&null!==o?o.__tcfapiCall:null;n&&window.__tcfapi(n.command,n.version,(function(o,r){var a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:o,success:r,callId:n.callId}};t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(e?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),n.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t:t()}(); dataLayer = dataLayer || []; // Standard GTM initialization - Google Consent Mode handles consent automatically (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+ '>m_auth=hzk0Vc3qFsQYhCrIoHz68A>m_preview=env-1>m_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MWFK8L5J'); ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"438030",trustKey:"438030",agentID:"772317073",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073",sa:1} ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.236.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={5763:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>l,Mt:()=>g,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>v,OP:()=>T,lF:()=>D,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>_});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var u=r(7056);const d=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:u.oD,inactiveMs:u.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},f={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");f[e]=(0,i.D)(t,d()),(0,n.Qy)(e,f[e],"config")}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=l(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i {r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.236.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>a,IF:()=>u,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,pL:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=""+o?.location,s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!navigator.sendBeacon},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(2177),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u {let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},2177:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(1284),a=r(5763),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},g=!1;try{g=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:v,get:x,listeners:w,context:m,buffer:A,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:g?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function m(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function v(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=m(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;fn,p:()=>i});var n=r(2177).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s {r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(2177),i=r(5546),o=r(8e3),a=r(3325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;void 0===u[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(2177);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>v,u5:()=>N,QU:()=>S,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>L,Lg:()=>M,gy:()=>U,BV:()=>Q,Kf:()=>ee});var n=r(2177);const i="nr@original";var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,a=!1;function s(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c 2?n-2:0),o=2;o {r(A[T],e,w),r(E[T],e,w)})),r(l._A,"fetch",y),t.on(y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(y+"done",[e],n)})),t}const O={},j=["pushState","replaceState"];function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!l.il||O[t.debugId]++||(O[t.debugId]=1,s(t).inPlace(window.history,j,"-")),t}var P=r(3239);const C={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!l.il||C[t.debugId])return t;C[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function c(e,t){var r=e.match(a),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?c(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,s=a.match(i),s?s[1]:null);var a,s;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:c(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function f(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}var k=r(5763);const H={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!l.il||H[t.debugId])return t;H[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=k.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function M(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=n.c,o=s(t),a=k.Yu.PR;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),i=o(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[i],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}l._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,i=r(e);i.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c e())),t};function m(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}function b(){var e=this,t=r.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,J,"-xhr-",E),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){m(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(y?y.then(A):u?u(A):(w=-w,x.data=w))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",m),a){var y=c&&c.resolve();if(!u&&!c){var w=1,x=document.createTextNode(w);new a(A).observe(x,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||A()}));function A(){for(var e=0;e {r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>A,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>x,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>_,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>p,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>g,JS_TIME:()=>T,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>f,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(5763);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",f="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",g="jsonpNode",p="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",x="-end",A="-body",E="cb"+x,T="jsTime",_="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(5763),i=r(2177);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},9144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>m});var n=r(3325),i=r(5763),o=r(5546),a=r(2177),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),f=r(50),l=r(3081),h=r(8632);function g(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i 1?r-1:0),i=1;i {e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var p=r(2587);function m(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},m=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,v=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:x={loaderType:m},exposed:A=!0}=t;const E=(0,h.gG)();y||(b=E.init,y=E.info,w=E.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),(0,i.sU)(e,x),y.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y),g();const T=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var g=a.ee.get(e),p=g.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>h[e]=x(m,e,!0,"api"))),h.addPageAction=x(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=x(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of was provided."))}else(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,g),function(){if(p.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,g),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,f.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=x(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,g)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>A()),!0):A(),h}(e,v);return(0,h.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,A,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",p.T),T}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",242:"session-manager",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",412:"lazy-feature-loader",439:"async-api",538:"recorder",590:"session_replay-aggregate",675:"compressor",733:"session_trace-aggregate",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"ac76d497",147:"3dc53903",148:"1a20d5fe",242:"2a64278a",317:"49e41428",348:"bd6de33a",412:"2f55ce66",439:"30bd804e",538:"1b18459f",590:"cf0efb30",675:"ae9f91a8",733:"83105561",786:"06482edd",860:"03a8b7a5",873:"e6b09d52",898:"998ef92b"}[e]+"-1.236.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d {s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.j=364,i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={364:0,953:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u {i.r(o);var e=i(3325),t=i(5763);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(9144);var s=i(5546),c=i(385),u=i(8e3),d=i(5938),f=i(3960),l=i(50);class h extends d.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,n&&(0,u.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const r=c.il&&!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let t;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await Promise.all([i.e(860),i.e(242)]).then(i.bind(i,3228));t=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",e)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,t))return void(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName);const{lazyFeatureLoader:r}=await i.e(412).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:o}=await r(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,e),n(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),e),this.abortHandler?.(),n(!1)}};c.il?(0,f.b)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(r,n){return r!==e.D.sessionReplay||!1!==(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!n?.isNew||!!n?.state.sessionReplay)}}var g=i(7633),p=i(7894);class m extends h{static featureName=g.t9;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,g.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||c.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const n=(0,t.OP)(r);n[g.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-n.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>n[g.qw]=Math.max((0,p.z)()-n[g.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const t=(0,p.z)();n[g.OJ]=Math.max(t-n[g.Dz],0),(0,s.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var v=i(1117),b=i(1284);class y extends v.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=w(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,b.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=x(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=w(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i t.max&&(t.max=e),e 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,j.t,n),c.il&&((0,t.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,N.N)((()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,O.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var P=i(3081);class C extends h{static featureName=P.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R,I=i(2210),k=i(1214),H=i(2177),L={};try{R=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(L.console=!0,-1!==R.indexOf("dev")&&(L.dev=!0),-1!==R.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(L.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function z(e){try{L.console&&z(e)}catch(e){}}L.nrDev&&H.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){z(e.stack)})),L.dev&&H.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){z(r.stack)})),L.dev&&(z("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),z("flags: "+(0,b.D)(L,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var M=i(6660);class B extends h{static featureName=M.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,M.t,i),this.skipNext=0;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const o=this;o.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){o.abortHandler&&(o.skipNext+=1)})),o.ee.on("fn-err",(function(t,r,n){o.abortHandler&&!n[M.A]&&((0,I.X)(n,M.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,(0,s.p)("err",[n,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee))})),o.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){o.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&o.skipNext>0&&(o.skipNext-=1)})),o.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee)})),this.origOnerror=c._A.onerror,c._A.onerror=this.onerrorHandler.bind(this),c._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+(0,D.P)(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,s.p)("err",[r,(0,p.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,O.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),(0,k.gy)(this.ee),(0,k.BV)(this.ee),(0,k.em)(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror(...arguments);try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:(0,s.p)("err",[o||new F(t,r,n),(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return!1}}function F(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}let U=1;const q="nr@id";function G(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===c._A?0:(0,I.X)(e,q,(function(){return U++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,D.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var X=i(7243);class W{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,_.M)(),s=(0,_.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof c._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,D.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,Z.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new W(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),(0,k.u5)(this.ee),(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=E,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){_(t,e)}),(0,O.m$)(!1)),c.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},T(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function u(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function d(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s 1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function x(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof Y?r=i.url:c._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),T(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof Y&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function A(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,p.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,p.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function E(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,_.ky)(16);c._A?(this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(m),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,l.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const n=function(t){switch(t){case e.D.ajax:return[e.D.jserrors];case e.D.sessionTrace:return[e.D.ajax,e.D.pageViewEvent];case e.D.sessionReplay:return[e.D.sessionTrace];case e.D.pageViewTiming:return[e.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);n.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,l.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(n),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,T.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,T.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[J,m,S,class extends h{static featureName=oe;constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,oe,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,k.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,k.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,p.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ae,(function(t,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[t[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ce+ne,(function(e){this.time=(0,p.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ce+ie,(function(t){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((t=>{const r=t.getEntries();(0,s.p)(te,[r],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},C,xe,B,class extends h{static featureName=de;constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,k._L)(this.ee),s=(0,k.Lg)(this.ee),u=(0,k.BV)(this.ee),d=(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),f=this.ee.get("events"),l=(0,k.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,k.QU)(this.ee),g=(0,k.Gm)(this.ee);function m(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function v(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,p.z)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&m(0,!0);var e=(0,p.z)();this[pe]=~~this[pe]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,p.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,v),s.on(be,v),a.on(be,v),this.ee.on(ye,b),s.on(ge,b),a.on(ge,b),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),f.buffer([ve],this.featureName),u.buffer(["setTimeout"+le,"clearTimeout"+fe,ve],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+fe],this.featureName),l.buffer([me+fe,me+"-done",me+he+fe,me+he+le],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),g.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,ge,"executor-err","resolve"+fe],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,me+fe),y(l,me+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",m),h.on("replaceState-end",m),window.addEventListener("hashchange",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){m(0,i>1)}),(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); window.jQuery || document.write(' ') CKEDITOR_BASEPATH='https://f1000research.com/js/vendor/ckeditor/' window.reactTheme = 'research'; window.MathJax = { CommonHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, 'HTML-CSS': { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, AuthorInit: function() { MathJax.Hub.Register.MessageHook('End Process', function () { let timeout = false; // holder for timeout id const delay = 250; // delay after event is "complete" to run callback const reflowMath = function() { const dispFormulas = document.querySelectorAll('.disp-formula.panel'); if (!dispFormulas) { return; } for (const dispFormula of dispFormulas) { const child = dispFormula.querySelector('.MathJax_Preview').nextSibling.firstChild; const isMultiline = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(dispFormula)[0].root.isMultiline; if (dispFormula.offsetWidth < child.offsetWidth || isMultiline) { MathJax.Hub.Queue(['Rerender', MathJax.Hub, dispFormula]); } } }; window.addEventListener('resize', function() { clearTimeout(timeout); // clear the timeout timeout = setTimeout(reflowMath, delay); // start timing for event "completion" }); }); }, }; if (window.location.hash == '#_=_'){ window.location = window.location.href.split('#')[0] } !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ;if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1641728616063202'); fbq('track', "PixelInitialized", {}); (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2318163,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); search file_upload Submit your research search menu close search Browse Gateways & Collections How to Publish Submit your Research My Submissions Article Guidelines Article Guidelines (New Versions) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines Open Data and Accessible Source Materials Guidelines (HSS) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines (PSE) Prepublication Checks Production Process Posters and Slides Guidelines Document Guidelines Article Processing Charges Peer Review Finding Article Reviewers About How it Works For Reviewers Our Advisors Policies Glossary FAQs For Developers Newsroom Contact My Research Submissions Content and Tracking Alerts My Details Sign In file_upload Submit your research { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857" }, "headline": "Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women", "datePublished": "2024-08-01T15:38:12", "dateModified": "2025-01-27T11:56:03", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Winniecia Dkhar" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Rajagopal Kadavigere" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Sneha Ravichandran" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Abhimanyu Pradhan" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Suresh Sukumar" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Neil Barnes Abraham" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": " Background Breast cancer remains a significant global health concern, with early diagnosis and risk factor identification crucial for improving outcomes. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) measurements have emerged as promising tools in breast cancer diagnostics. However, the influence of hormonal status on these measurements remains unclear. Objective This scoping review aims to synthesize current evidence on how hormonal changes in pre- and post-menopausal women influence ADC values of benign, malignant, and fibroglandular breast tissues. Method Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework, we conducted a comprehensive search of Scopus, Embase, and PubMed databases for relevant studies published between January 2000 and 2021. Inclusion criteria encompassed 1.5 Tesla MRI studies reporting ADC values in female subjects, considering menopausal status. Results Six studies meeting the inclusion criteria, involving 612 patients, were analyzed. Findings suggest that menopausal status may influence ADC values, with postmenopausal women generally showing lower ADC values in both normal fibroglandular tissue and breast lesions. The impact of menstrual cycle phases on ADC values was less consistent across studies. Conclusions This review highlights the potential influence of hormonal status on ADC values in breast tissues. While DWI with ADC mapping shows promise as a reliable diagnostic tool across different hormonal states, further research is needed to fully understand and account for hormonal influences on ADC measurements. Future studies should focus on longitudinal designs, standardization of DWI protocols, and integration of hormonal status information into breast cancer risk assessment models. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3", "name": "Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review..." } } ] } Home Browse Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Dkhar W, Kadavigere R, Ravichandran S et al. Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.153999.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Systematic Review Revised Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] Winniecia Dkhar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-3230 1 , Rajagopal Kadavigere https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-8740 2 , Sneha Ravichandran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4421-038X 1 , Abhimanyu Pradhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-5338 1 , Suresh Sukumar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-9790 1 , Neil Barnes Abraham 1 Winniecia Dkhar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-3230 1 , Rajagopal Kadavigere https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3486-8740 2 , [...] Sneha Ravichandran https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4421-038X 1 , Abhimanyu Pradhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-5338 1 , Suresh Sukumar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-9790 1 , Neil Barnes Abraham 1 PUBLISHED 27 Jan 2025 Author details Author details 1 Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 2 Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India Winniecia Dkhar Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Rajagopal Kadavigere Roles: Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Sneha Ravichandran Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Abhimanyu Pradhan Roles: Formal Analysis, Software, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Suresh Sukumar Roles: Formal Analysis, Investigation, Project Administration Neil Barnes Abraham Roles: Software, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS This article is included in the Manipal Academy of Higher Education gateway. This article is included in the The Multifaceted Aspects of Menopause collection. Abstract Background Breast cancer remains a significant global health concern, with early diagnosis and risk factor identification crucial for improving outcomes. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) measurements have emerged as promising tools in breast cancer diagnostics. However, the influence of hormonal status on these measurements remains unclear. Objective This scoping review aims to synthesize current evidence on how hormonal changes in pre- and post-menopausal women influence ADC values of benign, malignant, and fibroglandular breast tissues. Method Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework, we conducted a comprehensive search of Scopus, Embase, and PubMed databases for relevant studies published between January 2000 and 2021. Inclusion criteria encompassed 1.5 Tesla MRI studies reporting ADC values in female subjects, considering menopausal status. Results Six studies meeting the inclusion criteria, involving 612 patients, were analyzed. Findings suggest that menopausal status may influence ADC values, with postmenopausal women generally showing lower ADC values in both normal fibroglandular tissue and breast lesions. The impact of menstrual cycle phases on ADC values was less consistent across studies. Conclusions This review highlights the potential influence of hormonal status on ADC values in breast tissues. While DWI with ADC mapping shows promise as a reliable diagnostic tool across different hormonal states, further research is needed to fully understand and account for hormonal influences on ADC measurements. Future studies should focus on longitudinal designs, standardization of DWI protocols, and integration of hormonal status information into breast cancer risk assessment models. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Breast cancer, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient, hormonal influence, menopause, scoping review Corresponding Author(s) Winniecia Dkhar ( [email protected] ) Sneha Ravichandran ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding authors: Winniecia Dkhar, Sneha Ravichandran Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2025 Dkhar W et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Dkhar W, Kadavigere R, Ravichandran S et al. Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.153999.3 ) First published: 01 Aug 2024, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.153999.1 ) Latest published: 27 Jan 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.153999.3 ) Revised Amendments from Version 2 To improve the clarity and accuracy of the manuscript, several improvements have been made. In the introduction section, the fourth line of the first paragraph was revised by rephrasing the sentence “increased breast cancer incidence is partly due to increased life expectancy” to “due to increased awareness of the screening program.” Similarly, in the fourth and fifth paragraphs of the introduction section, “hormonal fluctuations” were rephrased to “hormonal phases” to reflect a more appropriate terminology. In the PRISMA flow chart, a correction was made to the step “Study excluded N = 1 *Study was based on 3T MRI,” as this study should have been excluded in a prior step. To improve the clarity and accuracy of the manuscript, several improvements have been made. In the introduction section, the fourth line of the first paragraph was revised by rephrasing the sentence “increased breast cancer incidence is partly due to increased life expectancy” to “due to increased awareness of the screening program.” Similarly, in the fourth and fifth paragraphs of the introduction section, “hormonal fluctuations” were rephrased to “hormonal phases” to reflect a more appropriate terminology. In the PRISMA flow chart, a correction was made to the step “Study excluded N = 1 *Study was based on 3T MRI,” as this study should have been excluded in a prior step. See the authors' detailed response to the review by Manna Debnath READ REVIEWER RESPONSES 1. Introduction Breast cancer continues to be one of the most prevalent and deadly diseases affecting women worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases diagnosed globally in 2020. 1 Increased breast cancer incidence is partly due to increased awareness of the screening programme. 2 However, this rising incidence underscores the critical importance of early detection and accurate diagnosis in reducing mortality rates and improving patient outcomes. 3 – 6 In recent years, significant advancements have been made in breast cancer diagnostics, with imaging techniques playing a pivotal role. Among these, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has emerged as a powerful tool, offering high sensitivity in detecting breast lesions. Within the realm of MRI, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) has gained particular attention for its ability to provide functional information about tissue microstructure without the need for contrast agents. 7 , 8 DWI is based on the principle of measuring the random Brownian motion of water molecules within tissues. 9 The degree of water diffusion can be quantified using the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC), which provides a numerical value reflecting tissue cellularity and integrity of cell membranes. In the context of breast imaging, ADC values have shown promise in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions, as malignant tissues typically demonstrate restricted diffusion due to increased cellularity, resulting in lower ADC values. 9 , 10 However, the interpretation of ADC values in breast tissue is complex, as these values can be influenced by various factors beyond the presence or absence of malignancy. One crucial factor that has garnered increasing attention is the potential influence of hormonal status on ADC measurements. The female breast undergoes significant physiological changes throughout a woman’s lifetime, largely driven by hormonal phases. 10 These changes are particularly pronounced during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and the transition to menopause. The hormonal milieu plays a vital role in breast tissue composition and structure. Estrogen and progesterone, the primary female sex hormones, influence the growth and development of breast tissue, affecting both the glandular and stromal components. During the menstrual cycle, phases in these hormones lead to cyclic changes in breast tissue, including variations in water content, vascularity, and cellular proliferation. Similarly, the transition to menopause is marked by a significant decline in ovarian hormone production, leading to involution of glandular tissue and an increase in adipose tissue within the breast. 10 Given these hormone-driven changes in breast tissue composition and microstructure, it is plausible that hormonal status could influence DWI measurements and, consequently, ADC values. Understanding these potential influences is crucial for several reasons: 1. Diagnostic Accuracy: If hormonal status significantly affects ADC values, it could impact the accuracy of DWI in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions. Establishing hormone-specific reference ranges or correction factors might be necessary to optimize diagnostic performance. 2. Risk Assessment: Hormonal exposure is a known risk factor for breast cancer. If ADC values reliably reflect hormone-induced changes in breast tissue, they could potentially serve as imaging biomarkers for assessing breast cancer risk. 3. Treatment Monitoring: For patients undergoing hormonal therapies (e.g., hormone replacement therapy or endocrine therapy for breast cancer), understanding how these treatments affect ADC values could be valuable for monitoring treatment response and tissue changes. 4. Personalized Screening: Knowledge of how hormonal status influences ADC values could inform more personalized screening protocols, potentially optimizing the timing of MRI examinations based on a woman’s menstrual cycle or menopausal status. Despite the potential importance of this topic, the relationship between hormonal status and ADC values in breast tissue remains incompletely understood. While several studies have investigated this relationship, results have been inconsistent, and a comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence is lacking. 3 , 5 , 11 – 13 This scoping review aims to address this gap by systematically exploring and synthesizing the current literature on how hormonal changes in pre- and post-menopausal women influence the ADC values of benign, malignant, and fibroglandular breast tissues. By mapping the existing evidence, identifying key concepts, and highlighting knowledge gaps, this review seeks to provide a foundation for future research and clinical applications of DWI in breast imaging. The specific objectives of this scoping review are: • To summarize the current evidence on the relationship between hormonal status (including menstrual cycle phases and menopausal status) and ADC values in breast tissues. • To identify patterns or trends in how ADC values vary with hormonal changes across different studies. • To explore the potential implications of hormonal influences on ADC values for breast cancer diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment monitoring. • To highlight gaps in the current knowledge and propose directions for future research. By addressing these objectives, this scoping review aims to contribute to a more nuanced understanding of DWI in breast imaging and to inform future studies and clinical practices in this rapidly evolving field. 2. Methods This scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and further refined by Levac et al. (2010). This framework consists of five key stages: 1. identifying the research question, 2. identifying relevant studies, 3. study selection, 4. charting the data, and 5. collating, summarizing, and reporting the results. Additionally, we incorporated the optional sixth stage of consultation with stakeholders to enhance the review’s relevance and uptake. 2.1 Identifying the research question The primary research question guiding this scoping review was: “How do hormonal changes in pre- and post-menopausal women influence the ADC values of benign, malignant, and fibroglandular breast tissues as measured by Diffusion-Weighted Imaging?” This question was developed through an iterative process involving discussions among the research team and preliminary literature searches. The question was designed to be broad enough to capture the range of relevant literature while maintaining a clear focus on the relationship between hormonal status and ADC values in breast tissues. 2.2 Identifying relevant studies A comprehensive search strategy was developed in consultation with an experienced medical librarian. The following electronic databases were searched: Scopus, Embase, and PubMed. The search was limited to studies published between January 2000 and December 2021, reflecting the period during which DWI became increasingly used in breast imaging. The search strategy included a combination of controlled vocabulary (MeSH terms) and free-text terms. Key search terms included: - “Diffusion Weighted Imaging” OR “DWI” OR “Diffusion Weighted MR Imaging” - “Apparent Diffusion Coefficient” OR “ADC” - “Magnetic Resonance Imaging” OR “MRI” - “Breast cancer” OR “breast” OR “fibroglandular tissue” - “Premenopausal” OR “postmenopausal” OR “menstrual cycle” 2.3 Study selection Inclusion criteria The inclusion criteria for this study encompassed several specific requirements. Only studies utilizing 1.5 Tesla MRI scanners and focusing exclusively on female subjects were considered. Additionally, the research had to employ Diffusion-Weighted Imaging sequences and report Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values for benign and/or malignant lesions and/or fibroglandular tissue. Studies that took into account pre- and/or post-menopausal status were also included. Lastly, the review was limited to peer-reviewed articles published in English. These criteria were designed to ensure a focused and relevant selection of studies for analysis. Exclusion criteria Studies using 3 Tesla MRI scanners were excluded to maintain consistency in imaging parameters across the reviewed research. Any studies involving subjects undergoing neoadjuvant treatment were also omitted from consideration. The review excluded studies that did not report separate mean ADC values for benign and malignant lesions, as well as those not directly related to the diagnostic performance of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI). To focus on primary research findings, the review also excluded preclinical studies, case reports, letters, review articles, and unpublished articles. These exclusion criteria were implemented to ensure a more homogeneous and relevant dataset for analysis, focusing on studies that directly addressed the research question using comparable methodologies. The study selection process was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of all retrieved articles against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In the second phase, the full texts of potentially eligible articles were obtained and independently reviewed by the same two reviewers. Any disagreements were resolved through discussion, with a third reviewer consulted when necessary. The study selection process followed the PRISMA guidelines. Initially, database searches yielded 487 records. After removing duplicates, 342 unique articles remained for screening. The titles and abstracts of these articles were reviewed, resulting in the exclusion of 314 articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The remaining 28 articles were assessed for eligibility through full-text review. During this stage, 22 articles were excluded for various reasons, such as irrelevant outcomes, inappropriate study design, or use of 3T MRI. Ultimately, 6 studies met all inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis for this scoping review. No additional studies were identified through other sources. This systematic approach ensured a comprehensive and unbiased selection of relevant studies for the review. 2.4 Charting the data A standardized data charting form was developed in Microsoft Excel to systematically extract relevant information from the included studies. This form was initially piloted on a sample of five studies and subsequently refined based on team discussions to ensure its effectiveness and comprehensiveness. The data extraction process captured a wide range of information, including study characteristics (author, year, country, and study design), participant characteristics (sample size, age range, and menopausal status), and MRI characteristics (scanner manufacturer and b-values used). Detailed information about ADC measurement techniques, such as regions of interest and measurement methods, was also collected. Importantly, the form captured quantitative data on ADC values, including mean and standard deviation for benign lesions, malignant lesions, and normal fibroglandular tissue. Any reported relationships between hormonal status and ADC values were noted, along with key findings and conclusions from each study. To ensure accuracy and completeness, two reviewers independently extracted data from each included study. The extracted data were then cross-checked, providing a robust and reliable dataset for subsequent analysis. 2.5 Collating, summarizing, and reporting the results The extracted data were analysed using a narrative synthesis approach. We organized the findings according to key themes and concepts that emerged from the data. Quantitative data (e.g., ADC values) were summarized using descriptive statistics where appropriate. We also created tables and figures to present the key characteristics and findings of the included studies. In synthesizing the results, we focused on identifying patterns and trends in the relationship between hormonal status and ADC values, as well as highlighting any inconsistencies or gaps in the current evidence base. The PRISMA-ScR check list was used for reporting the data. 15 3. Results 3.1 Search Results and Study Characteristics The initial database search yielded a total of 487 articles. After removing duplicates, 342 unique articles remained for title and abstract screening. Based on the screening, 28 articles were selected for full-text review. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria to the full texts, 6 studies were ultimately included in this scoping review. The study selection process is illustrated in Figure 1 (PRISMA flow diagram). Figure 1. PRISMA chart. The six included studies were published between 2001 and 2018, representing a span of nearly two decades of research in this area. All studies used 1.5 Tesla MRI scanners, as per our inclusion criteria. The studies were conducted in various countries: two from the United States, two from South Korea, one from Italy, and one from the United Kingdom. The total number of participants across all studies was 612, with individual study sample sizes ranging from 6 to 288 participants. Table 1 provides the summary of the articles reviewed for this study. Table 1. Summarizes the key characteristics of the included studies. Author Year Country MRI (T) Company b- value Mean Age Nos. Of Patients Nos Of Premenopausal Nos Of Post Menopausal ADC FGT ADC of Lesions Joao V. Horvat 14 2018 USA 3T GE 0,600 49 288 158 140 - Pre: B-1.541 0.256 M-1.044 0.211 Postl: B-1.515 0.272 M-1.108 0.212 Jin You Kim 6 2016 South Korea 3T Siemen 0,1000 50.8 57 29 28 Pre: 1.75 ± 0.27 Post: 1.60 ± 0.30 Pre: 1.06 ± 0.35 Post: 0.91 ± 0.18 Suyoung Shin 5 2015 South Korea 1.5 T Phillips 0,750 PRE-45 POST-56 134 73 51 Pre: 1.640 Post: 1.480 Pre: 0.644 Post: 0.648 C innou 4 2014 Italy 1.5T, 3T GE 0.1000 52(median) 96 96 - - Pre: B-1.49 median M-1.01 median A. M. O’Flynn 3 2012 UK 3T Phillips 1200 45.9 31 13 18 Pre- 1.84±0.26 Post- 1.46±0.3 - Savannah P 13 2001 USA 1.5 GE 0,578 27 6 6 - Pre:1.69 Post: 0.19 - 3.2 ADC values and hormonal status 3.2.1 Menstrual Cycle, Menopausal Status and ADC Values All studies examined the relationship between hormonal status (either menstrual cycle phase or menopausal status) and ADC values. The findings showed some consistencies but also notable variations: 1. Menopausal Status: - Horvat et al. (2018) found no significant difference in ADC sensitivity or specificity between pre- and post-menopausal groups. - Kim et al. (2016), Shin et al. (2015), and O’Flynn et al. (2012) reported significantly lower ADC values in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women for both normal fibroglandular tissue and malignant lesions. - Iacconi et al. (2014) noted that postmenopausal status was associated with lower ADC values in normal breast tissue. 2. Menstrual Cycle: - Kim et al. (2016) found no significant differences in ADC values between follicular and luteal phases for normal fibroglandular tissue or malignant lesions. - Partridge et al. (2001) observed minimal fluctuations in ADC values across the menstrual cycle, with slightly lower values in the second week. - O’Flynn et al. (2012) reported no significant differences in ADC values between different phases of the menstrual cycle. All studies examined the relationship between menopausal status and ADC values, while three studies also investigated the influence of menstrual cycle phases: Horvat et al. (2018) found no significant difference in ADC sensitivity or specificity between pre- and post-menopausal groups, with mean ADC values for benign lesions being 1.541 ± 0.256 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s in premenopausal women and 1.515 ± 0.272 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s in postmenopausal women. Kim et al. (2016) reported significantly lower ADC values in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women for both normal fibroglandular tissue (1.60 ± 0.30 vs. 1.75 ± 0.27 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, p < 0.05) and malignant lesions (0.91 ± 0.18 vs. 1.06 ± 0.35 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, p < 0.05). Similarly, Shin et al. (2015) observed lower ADC values in postmenopausal women for normal fibroglandular tissue (1.480 vs. 1.640 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, p < 0.001) and malignant lesions (0.648 vs. 0.644 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, p = 0.031). Additionally, O’Flynn et al. (2012) reported significantly lower mean ADC values in postmenopausal breasts compared to premenopausal breasts for normal fibroglandular tissue (1.46 ± 0.3 vs. 1.84 ± 0.26 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, p < 0.001). While Iacconi et al. (2014) primarily focused on premenopausal women, they also noted that postmenopausal status was associated with lower ADC values in normal breast tissue. Regarding menstrual cycle influences, Partridge et al. (2001) found no significant variations in ADC values across different phases of the menstrual cycle in their study of six premenopausal volunteers. O’Flynn et al. (2012) reported no significant difference in ADC values between follicular and luteal phases in premenopausal women. Kim et al. (2016) observed slightly higher ADC values in the second half of the menstrual cycle for both normal fibroglandular tissue and breast lesions, but these differences were not statistically significant. The consistency in findings across these studies, despite variations in sample sizes and specific ADC values, suggests a trend towards lower ADC values in postmenopausal women, particularly in normal fibroglandular tissue. This trend was observed in both benign and malignant lesions, although the difference was more pronounced and consistent for normal tissue. In contrast, the influence of menstrual cycle phases on ADC values appears to be minimal or inconsistent across studies. The consistency in findings across these studies, despite variations in sample sizes and specific ADC values, suggests a trend towards lower ADC values in postmenopausal women, particularly in normal fibroglandular tissue. This trend was observed in both benign and malignant lesions, although the difference was more pronounced and consistent for normal tissue. In contrast, the influence of menstrual cycle phases on ADC values appears to be minimal, with most studies reporting no significant variations across different phases. 3.3 Influence of other factors on ADC values Several studies investigated additional factors that might influence ADC values in breast tissues: 1. Background Parenchymal Enhancement (BPE): Horvat et al. (2018) investigated the impact of BPE on ADC values and found no significant influence on the sensitivity or specificity of ADC in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions. This suggests that BPE, despite its known association with hormonal status, may not significantly affect the diagnostic performance of DWI. 2. Fibroglandular Tissue (FGT): Iacconi et al. (2014) reported that the amount of FGT had a significant influence on the quantitative measurement of ADC in normal breast tissue. They found that breasts with higher amounts of FGT tended to have higher ADC values. This relationship was observed in both pre- and post-menopausal women, although the effect was more pronounced in premenopausal subjects. 3. Age: While not directly related to hormonal status, age was found to be a potential confounding factor in several studies. O’Flynn et al. (2012) noted a negative correlation between age and ADC values in normal fibroglandular tissue, which may partly explain the lower ADC values observed in postmenopausal women. 4. Lesion Type: All studies that included both benign and malignant lesions consistently reported lower ADC values for malignant lesions compared to benign ones, regardless of menopausal status. This finding reinforces the potential of ADC as a diagnostic tool in differentiating between benign and malignant breast lesions. 3.4 Technical considerations and measurement variability The review revealed several technical factors that could contribute to variability in ADC measurements across studies: 1. b-values: The studies used different b-values for DWI acquisition, ranging from 0 and 600 s/mm 2 (Horvat et al., 2018) to 0 and 1000 s/mm 2 (Kim et al., 2016). This variation in b-values could potentially affect the calculated ADC values and their sensitivity to tissue microstructure. 2. Region of Interest (ROI) Selection: The method of ROI selection varied among studies. Some studies used a single ROI (e.g., Partridge et al., 2001), while others used multiple ROIs or whole-lesion measurements (e.g., Shin et al., 2015). This variability in ROI selection could contribute to differences in reported ADC values across studies. 3. Scanner Variability: Although all included studies used 1.5 Tesla MRI scanners, there were differences in scanner manufacturers (e.g., GE, Siemens, Philips). While the impact of scanner variability on ADC measurements was not directly assessed in these studies, it represents a potential source of inconsistency across studies. 3.5 Diagnostic performance of ADC Despite the potential influences of hormonal status and other factors on ADC values, several studies reported on the overall diagnostic performance of ADC in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions: 1. Horvat et al. (2018) found that ADC demonstrated high sensitivity (84%) and specificity (84%) in distinguishing between benign and malignant lesions, regardless of BPE, FGT, or menopausal status. 2. Kim et al. (2016) reported that using an ADC cutoff value of 1.23 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s resulted in a sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 86.4% for diagnosing malignant lesions in premenopausal women. For postmenopausal women, a cutoff value of 1.12 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s yielded a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 86.7%. 3. Shin et al. (2015) found that the optimal ADC cutoff for differentiating benign from malignant lesions was 1.108 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s in premenopausal women (sensitivity 87.7%, specificity 86.8%) and 1.025 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s in postmenopausal women (sensitivity 80.6%, specificity 82.9%). These findings suggest that while hormonal status may influence absolute ADC values, the diagnostic performance of ADC in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions remains robust across different hormonal states when appropriate cutoff values are used. 3.6 Longitudinal changes in ADC values Only one study, Partridge et al. (2001), attempted to track longitudinal changes in ADC values across the menstrual cycle. Despite the small sample size, this study provided valuable insights into the potential for cyclic variations in ADC values. The observed minimal fluctuations suggest that the timing of DWI examinations within the menstrual cycle may not significantly impact diagnostic accuracy. However, more extensive longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this finding. 3.7 Correlation with hormonal levels None of the included studies directly measured hormone levels and correlated them with ADC values. The assessment of hormonal status was primarily based on self-reported menstrual history or menopausal status. This represents a significant gap in the current literature, as direct correlations between specific hormone levels and ADC values could provide more precise insights into the relationship between hormonal status and diffusion properties of breast tissues. In summary, the results of this scoping review reveal a complex relationship between hormonal status and ADC values in breast tissues. While there is evidence suggesting lower ADC values in postmenopausal women, particularly in normal fibroglandular tissue, the impact of menstrual cycle phases appears minimal. The influence of other factors such as BPE and FGT on ADC values adds further complexity to the interpretation of DWI results. Despite these variations, the diagnostic performance of ADC in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions appears to remain robust across different hormonal states, suggesting its potential as a valuable tool in breast cancer diagnosis. 4. Discussion This scoping review synthesizes the current evidence on the influence of hormonal status on Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values in breast tissues. The findings reveal a complex interplay between hormonal factors and diffusion properties of breast tissue, with implications for the interpretation and application of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in breast cancer diagnostics. 4.1 Menopausal status and ADC values One of the most consistent findings across the reviewed studies was the tendency for lower ADC values in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women, particularly in normal fibroglandular tissue. This trend was observed in four out of five studies that examined menopausal status, 3 – 6 with only Horvat et al. (2018) 14 reporting no significant difference. The lower ADC values in postmenopausal breast tissue can be explained by the physiological changes that occur during menopause. The decline in estrogen levels leads to a reduction in breast tissue vascularity and an increase in fatty tissue replacement of glandular tissue (involution). These changes could result in decreased water diffusivity, manifesting as lower ADC values. However, it’s important to note that while the trend was consistent, the magnitude of the difference varied across studies. This variability could be attributed to differences in study populations, imaging protocols, or measurement techniques. Moreover, the study by Horvat et al. (2018), which had the largest sample size, found no significant difference in ADC values between pre- and postmenopausal women. This discrepancy highlights the need for larger, standardized studies to definitively establish the relationship between menopausal status and ADC values. 4.2 Menstrual cycle and ADC values In contrast to the findings on menopausal status, the evidence for menstrual cycle-related changes in ADC values was less conclusive. The three studies that examined this relationship (Kim et al., 2016; Partridge et al., 2001; O’Flynn et al., 2012) consistently found minimal or no significant variations in ADC values across different phases of the menstrual cycle. This lack of significant menstrual cycle-related changes is somewhat surprising, given the known cyclic changes in breast tissue due to fluctuating levels of estrogen and progesterone. These hormonal fluctuations lead to changes in breast volume, water content, and vascularity throughout the menstrual cycle. The absence of corresponding changes in ADC values suggests that these cyclic variations may not substantially affect water diffusivity at the microstructural level detectable by current DWI techniques. However, it’s important to note that the studies examining menstrual cycle effects had relatively small sample sizes and may have lacked the statistical power to detect subtle changes. Furthermore, the timing of MRI examinations in relation to menstrual cycle phases was based on self-reported menstrual history rather than direct hormonal measurements, which could introduce inaccuracies. 4.3 Implications for breast cancer diagnosis Despite the observed variations in ADC values related to menopausal status, the diagnostic performance of ADC in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions appears to remain robust. Several studies (Horvat et al., 2018; Kim et al., 2016; Shin et al., 2015) reported high sensitivity and specificity for ADC in distinguishing malignant from benign lesions, regardless of menopausal status. This maintained diagnostic performance suggests that while absolute ADC values may vary with hormonal status, the relative difference between benign and malignant lesions remains sufficiently large for accurate differentiation. However, the optimal ADC cutoff values for diagnosing malignancy may differ between pre- and postmenopausal women, as demonstrated by Kim et al. (2016) and Shin et al. (2015). This finding underscores the importance of considering menopausal status when interpreting ADC values in clinical practice. 4.4 Influence of other factors The review highlighted several other factors that may influence ADC values, including the amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and background parenchymal enhancement (BPE). The study by Iacconi et al. (2014) found that breasts with higher amounts of FGT tended to have higher ADC values, an effect that was more pronounced in premenopausal women. This finding suggests that breast composition, which is influenced by hormonal status, can affect ADC measurements independently of the presence or absence of lesions. Interestingly, Horvat et al. (2018) found that BPE did not significantly impact the diagnostic performance of ADC. This is noteworthy because BPE is known to be influenced by hormonal status and has been associated with breast cancer risk. The lack of significant impact on ADC performance suggests that DWI may offer advantages in terms of consistent diagnostic accuracy across varying levels of BPE. 4.5 Technical considerations and standardization The review revealed considerable variability in technical aspects of DWI acquisition and ADC measurement across studies. Differences in b-values, ROI selection methods, and scanner manufacturers could all contribute to variations in reported ADC values. This lack of standardization presents a challenge for comparing results across studies and for establishing universal ADC thresholds for clinical use. Future research should aim to standardize DWI protocols and ADC measurement techniques to improve the comparability and reproducibility of results. This standardization should include consensus on optimal b-values, ROI selection methods, and strategies for minimizing the impact of scanner variability. 4.6 Limitations Several limitations in the current body of evidence were identified: 1. Limited direct measurement of hormone levels: None of the reviewed studies directly measured hormone levels and correlated them with ADC values. Future studies incorporating direct hormonal measurements could provide more precise insights into the relationship between specific hormone levels and breast tissue diffusivity. 2. Lack of longitudinal studies: With the exception of Partridge et al. (2001), which had a very small sample size, there was a lack of longitudinal studies tracking ADC changes over time in individual women. Such studies could provide valuable information on intra-individual variations in ADC values across hormonal states. 3. Limited exploration of other hormonal influences: The review focused primarily on menopausal status and menstrual cycle effects. Other hormonal factors, such as the use of hormonal contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, were not extensively explored in the included studies. 4. Potential selection bias: The inclusion of only English-language publications and the focus on 1.5 Tesla MRI studies may have led to the exclusion of relevant data. 5. Conclusion and Future Direction This scoping review provides a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on the influence of hormonal status on ADC values in breast tissues. The findings suggest that menopausal status may significantly impact ADC values, with postmenopausal women generally showing lower ADC values in normal fibroglandular tissue. However, the influence of menstrual cycle phases on ADC values appears to be minimal. Despite these hormonal influences on absolute ADC values, the diagnostic performance of ADC in differentiating between benign and malignant lesions remains robust across different hormonal states. This suggests that DWI and ADC measurements continue to be valuable tools in breast cancer diagnosis, regardless of a woman’s hormonal status. However, the review also highlights significant gaps in the current literature, including a lack of standardization in DWI protocols, limited longitudinal data, and an absence of studies directly correlating hormone levels with ADC values. Addressing these gaps in future research will be crucial for fully understanding the complex relationship between hormonal status and breast tissue diffusivity. Based on these limitations and the findings of this review, several directions for future research can be proposed: 1. Large-scale, multi-centre studies with standardized protocols to definitively establish the relationship between hormonal status and ADC values. 2. Longitudinal studies tracking ADC changes across the menstrual cycle and through menopausal transition in individual women. 3. Studies incorporating direct measurements of hormone levels to correlate with ADC values. 4. Investigation of the effects of exogenous hormones (e.g., oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy) on ADC values. 5. Exploration of advanced DWI techniques, such as intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) or diffusion kurtosis imaging, to potentially capture more subtle hormone-related changes in breast tissue microstructure. 6. Development and validation of hormone status-specific ADC thresholds for breast cancer diagnosis. Data availability statement No data are associated with this article. Extended data Reporting guidelines The checklist is added in the repository in the link: Dkhar, Winniecia, 2024, “Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women”, https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/WFX1DQ , Harvard Dataverse, V1. 15 References 1. WHO & World Health Organization: WHO. World Health Organization; 2024 [cited 2024 Jul 16]. Reference Source 2. Ravichandran S, Sukumar S, Chandrasekaran B, et al. : Influence of Sedentary Behaviour Interventions on Vascular Functions and Cognitive Functions in Hypertensive Adults—A Scoping Review on Potential Mechanisms and Recommendations. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2022 Nov 16; 19 (22): 15120. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 3. O’Flynn EAM, Morgan VA, Giles SL, et al. : Diffusion weighted imaging of the normal breast: reproducibility of apparent diffusion coefficient measurements and variation with menstrual cycle and menopausal status. Eur. Radiol. 2012 Jul 26; 22 (7): 1512–1518. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 4. Iacconi C, Thakur SB, Dershaw DD, et al. : Impact of fibroglandular tissue and background parenchymal enhancement on diffusion weighted imaging of breast lesions. Eur. J. Radiol. 2014 Dec; 83 (12): 2137–2143. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 5. Shin S, Ko ES, Kim RB, et al. : Effect of menstrual cycle and menopausal status on apparent diffusion coefficient values and detectability of invasive ductal carcinoma on diffusion-weighted MRI. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2015 Feb 1; 149 (3): 751–759. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 6. Kim JY, Suh HB, Kang HJ, et al. : Apparent diffusion coefficient of breast cancer and normal fibroglandular tissue in diffusion-weighted imaging: the effects of menstrual cycle and menopausal status. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2016 May 18; 157 (1): 31–40. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 7. Galati F, Rizzo V, Trimboli RM, et al. : MRI as a biomarker for breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. BJR|Open. 2022 Jan; 4 (1). PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 8. Radhakrishna S, Agarwal S, Parikh PM, et al. : Role of magnetic resonance imaging in breast cancer management. South Asian J. Cancer. 2018 Apr 22; 07 (02): 69–71. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 9. Fink KRT, Fink JR: Principles of Modern Neuroimaging. Principles of Neurological Surgery. Elsevier; 2018; pp. 62–86.e2. Publisher Full Text 10. Javed A, Lteif A: Development of the Human Breast. Semin. Plast. Surg. 2013 May 23; 27 (01): 005–012. Publisher Full Text 11. Iima M, Yano K, Kataoka M, et al. : Quantitative Non-Gaussian Diffusion and Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Invest. Radiol. 2015 Apr; 50 (4): 205–211. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 12. Clendenen TV, Kim S, Moy L, et al. : Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of hormone-induced breast changes in young premenopausal women. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2013 Jan; 31 (1): 1–9. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 13. Partridge SC, Mckinnon GC, Henry RG, et al. : Menstrual Cycle Variation of Apparent Diffusion Coefficients Measured in the Normal Breast Using MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging. 2001; 14 : 433–438. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 14. Horvat J v, Durando M, Milans S, et al. : Apparent diffusion coefficient mapping using diffusion-weighted mri: Impact of background parenchymal enhancement, amount of fibroglandular tissue and menopausal status on breast cancer diagnosis. Eur. Radiol. 2018 Jan 12; 28 (6): 2516–2524. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text 15. Dkhar W: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women. Harvard Dataverse. 2024; V1 . Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 01 Aug 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India 2 Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India Winniecia Dkhar Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Rajagopal Kadavigere Roles: Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Sneha Ravichandran Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Writing – Original Draft Preparation Abhimanyu Pradhan Roles: Formal Analysis, Software, Validation, Writing – Review & Editing Suresh Sukumar Roles: Formal Analysis, Investigation, Project Administration Neil Barnes Abraham Roles: Software, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (3) version 3 Revised Published: 27 Jan 2025, 13:857 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.153999.3 version 2 Revised Published: 30 Aug 2024, 13:857 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.153999.2 version 1 Published: 01 Aug 2024, 13:857 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.153999.1 Copyright © 2025 Dkhar W et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Dkhar W, Kadavigere R, Ravichandran S et al. Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.153999.3 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 27 Jan 2025 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Rohini A. Reviewer Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176915.r362771 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3#referee-response-362771 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 29 Jan 2025 Avantsa Rohini , Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, MNR Medical College, Sangareddy, Telangana, India Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176915.r362771 The suggestions from the previous version were incorporated in ... Continue reading READ ALL The suggestions from the previous version were incorporated in the current version. I have no further comments to make. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: breast imaging and onco imaging I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Rohini A. Reviewer Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176915.r362771 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3#referee-response-362771 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Debnath M. Reviewer Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176915.r362772 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3#referee-response-362772 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 28 Jan 2025 Manna Debnath , Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176915.r362772 ... Continue reading READ ALL Approved. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Expert in Medical Imaging Technology (MRI) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Debnath M. Reviewer Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176915.r362772 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3#referee-response-362772 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 2 VERSION 2 PUBLISHED 30 Aug 2024 Revised Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Rohini A. Reviewer Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170311.r355176 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v2#referee-response-355176 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 08 Jan 2025 Avantsa Rohini , Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, MNR Medical College, Sangareddy, Telangana, India Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170311.r355176 This is a very well written and interesting scoping review and the authors had done an excellent work. I think this contributes towards further research/alternatives. There are few suggestions the author needs to look into which might add further to ... Continue reading READ ALL This is a very well written and interesting scoping review and the authors had done an excellent work. I think this contributes towards further research/alternatives. There are few suggestions the author needs to look into which might add further to the quality of the manuscript. The introduction part of the manuscript explained well explained the need of the study and the highlighted the lacunae in the research. The following statements I would want author to reconsider. Introduction First paragraph: 4 th line-“increased breast cancer incidence is partly due to increased life expectancy”. I suggest changing it to “due to increased awareness of the screening programme”. Introduction 4 th and 5th paragraph: 4 th line –“hormonal fluctuations”-instead change to “hormonal phases” as fluctuations are abnormal phenomenon. The study methodology is well written and the selection criteria were clear and correctly identified. In the PRISMA flow chart, I suggest author to relook into this- ‘Study excluded N = 1 *Study was based on 3T MRI’, as this was supposed to be eliminated in the previous step. The conclusion shows that the hypothesis was proven correctly. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: breast imaging and onco imaging I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Rohini A. Reviewer Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170311.r355176 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v2#referee-response-355176 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Debnath M. Reviewer Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170311.r319001 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v2#referee-response-319001 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 13 Sep 2024 Manna Debnath , Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170311.r319001 I am satisfied with the changes authors have made to the manuscript. Author ... Continue reading READ ALL I am satisfied with the changes authors have made to the manuscript. Author revisions have effectively addressed the concerns and suggestions raised during the review process. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Expert in Medical Imaging Technology (MRI) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Debnath M. Reviewer Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170311.r319001 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v2#referee-response-319001 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 01 Aug 2024 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Debnath M. Reviewer Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.168971.r310441 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v1#referee-response-310441 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 09 Aug 2024 Manna Debnath , Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.168971.r310441 This is a scientifically sound scoping review. The author(s) have written extremely well. However, a few minor changes need to be addressed. Once these are included, the manuscript's quality will improve even further. Reviewers comment: 1. References are ... Continue reading READ ALL This is a scientifically sound scoping review. The author(s) have written extremely well. However, a few minor changes need to be addressed. Once these are included, the manuscript's quality will improve even further. Reviewers comment: 1. References are needed in the second paragraph of the introduction section. 2. Page No.3 References are needed on the line ‘While several studies have investigated this relationship, results have been inconsistent, and a comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence is lacking.’ 3. The introduction is well-written and properly highlights the research gaps. 4. In the study selection section, I suggest that the author include a statement on including or excluding full-text articles or abstracts. 5. The phases of the selection process are well written. 6. In the result section, paragraph 1, you stated that '5 studies were ultimately included for scoping review', yet in PRISMA flow diagram Figure 1, in the Included Section of the chart, the number of articles included for this scoping review is 6. Please confirm the mismatch between the included articles in the study. 7. In the PRISMA flow chart, please correct the sentence, ‘Study excluded N = 1 *Study was based on 3T MRI.’ 8. Page no. 7, 3.2.1 Menopausal status and ADC values; and Page no. 8, 3.2.2 Mensural cycle and ADC values. Both paragraphs have the same data. Without repeating the data, I suggest you change the heading to Mensural cycle, menopausal status, and ADC values. 9. Page 10, last paragraph: 'Future research'. I suggest fusing these lines on the next page, under the heading ‘Based on these limitations and the findings of this review, several directions for future research can be proposed’. 10. The conclusion is clearly written and shows that the hypothesis was proven correctly. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Expert in Medical Imaging Technology (MRI) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Debnath M. Reviewer Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.168971.r310441 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v1#referee-response-310441 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 30 Aug 2024 Winniecia Dkhar , Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India 30 Aug 2024 Author Response Thank you for your valuable feedback on our scoping review. We appreciate your thoughtful comments and suggestions. Here is our response to each of your points: 1. We agreed ... Continue reading Thank you for your valuable feedback on our scoping review. We appreciate your thoughtful comments and suggestions. Here is our response to each of your points: 1. We agreed and added appropriate references to the second paragraph of the introduction. 2. We included relevant references to support the statement about inconsistent results and lack of comprehensive synthesis. 3. Thank you for your positive feedback on the introduction. 4. We added a clear statement about the inclusion/exclusion of full-text articles and abstracts in the study selection section. 5. We appreciate your positive comment on the description of the selection process phases. 6. Thank you for catching this discrepancy. We corrected the text to match the PRISMA flow diagram, confirming that 6 studies were included in the final review. 7. We revised the sentence in the PRISMA flow chart as suggested. 8. We appreciated this suggestion and merged the two sections under a single heading "Menstrual cycle, menopausal status, and ADC values" to avoid repetition. 9. We had already implemented this suggestion by fusing the future research directions with the conclusion section. 10. Thank you for your positive feedback on the conclusion. We made all these revisions to improve the quality and clarity of our manuscript. We appreciate your thorough review and constructive comments, which have undoubtedly enhanced the overall quality of our scoping review. Thank you for your valuable feedback on our scoping review. We appreciate your thoughtful comments and suggestions. Here is our response to each of your points: 1. We agreed and added appropriate references to the second paragraph of the introduction. 2. We included relevant references to support the statement about inconsistent results and lack of comprehensive synthesis. 3. Thank you for your positive feedback on the introduction. 4. We added a clear statement about the inclusion/exclusion of full-text articles and abstracts in the study selection section. 5. We appreciate your positive comment on the description of the selection process phases. 6. Thank you for catching this discrepancy. We corrected the text to match the PRISMA flow diagram, confirming that 6 studies were included in the final review. 7. We revised the sentence in the PRISMA flow chart as suggested. 8. We appreciated this suggestion and merged the two sections under a single heading "Menstrual cycle, menopausal status, and ADC values" to avoid repetition. 9. We had already implemented this suggestion by fusing the future research directions with the conclusion section. 10. Thank you for your positive feedback on the conclusion. We made all these revisions to improve the quality and clarity of our manuscript. We appreciate your thorough review and constructive comments, which have undoubtedly enhanced the overall quality of our scoping review. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 30 Aug 2024 Winniecia Dkhar , Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India 30 Aug 2024 Author Response Thank you for your valuable feedback on our scoping review. We appreciate your thoughtful comments and suggestions. Here is our response to each of your points: 1. We agreed ... Continue reading Thank you for your valuable feedback on our scoping review. We appreciate your thoughtful comments and suggestions. Here is our response to each of your points: 1. We agreed and added appropriate references to the second paragraph of the introduction. 2. We included relevant references to support the statement about inconsistent results and lack of comprehensive synthesis. 3. Thank you for your positive feedback on the introduction. 4. We added a clear statement about the inclusion/exclusion of full-text articles and abstracts in the study selection section. 5. We appreciate your positive comment on the description of the selection process phases. 6. Thank you for catching this discrepancy. We corrected the text to match the PRISMA flow diagram, confirming that 6 studies were included in the final review. 7. We revised the sentence in the PRISMA flow chart as suggested. 8. We appreciated this suggestion and merged the two sections under a single heading "Menstrual cycle, menopausal status, and ADC values" to avoid repetition. 9. We had already implemented this suggestion by fusing the future research directions with the conclusion section. 10. Thank you for your positive feedback on the conclusion. We made all these revisions to improve the quality and clarity of our manuscript. We appreciate your thorough review and constructive comments, which have undoubtedly enhanced the overall quality of our scoping review. Thank you for your valuable feedback on our scoping review. We appreciate your thoughtful comments and suggestions. Here is our response to each of your points: 1. We agreed and added appropriate references to the second paragraph of the introduction. 2. We included relevant references to support the statement about inconsistent results and lack of comprehensive synthesis. 3. Thank you for your positive feedback on the introduction. 4. We added a clear statement about the inclusion/exclusion of full-text articles and abstracts in the study selection section. 5. We appreciate your positive comment on the description of the selection process phases. 6. Thank you for catching this discrepancy. We corrected the text to match the PRISMA flow diagram, confirming that 6 studies were included in the final review. 7. We revised the sentence in the PRISMA flow chart as suggested. 8. We appreciated this suggestion and merged the two sections under a single heading "Menstrual cycle, menopausal status, and ADC values" to avoid repetition. 9. We had already implemented this suggestion by fusing the future research directions with the conclusion section. 10. Thank you for your positive feedback on the conclusion. We made all these revisions to improve the quality and clarity of our manuscript. We appreciate your thorough review and constructive comments, which have undoubtedly enhanced the overall quality of our scoping review. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 01 Aug 2024 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 3 (revision) 27 Jan 25 read read Version 2 (revision) 30 Aug 24 read read Version 1 01 Aug 24 read Manna Debnath , Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, India Avantsa Rohini , Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, MNR Medical College, Sangareddy, India Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Rohini A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 29 Jan 2025 | for Version 3 Avantsa Rohini , Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, MNR Medical College, Sangareddy, Telangana, India 0 Views copyright © 2025 Rohini A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The suggestions from the previous version were incorporated in the current version. I have no further comments to make. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise breast imaging and onco imaging I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Rohini A. Peer Review Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176915.r362771) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3#referee-response-362771 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Debnath M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 28 Jan 2025 | for Version 3 Manna Debnath , Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India 0 Views copyright © 2025 Debnath M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Approved. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Expert in Medical Imaging Technology (MRI) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Debnath M. Peer Review Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.176915.r362772) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3#referee-response-362772 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Rohini A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 08 Jan 2025 | for Version 2 Avantsa Rohini , Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, MNR Medical College, Sangareddy, Telangana, India 0 Views copyright © 2025 Rohini A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This is a very well written and interesting scoping review and the authors had done an excellent work. I think this contributes towards further research/alternatives. There are few suggestions the author needs to look into which might add further to the quality of the manuscript. The introduction part of the manuscript explained well explained the need of the study and the highlighted the lacunae in the research. The following statements I would want author to reconsider. Introduction First paragraph: 4 th line-“increased breast cancer incidence is partly due to increased life expectancy”. I suggest changing it to “due to increased awareness of the screening programme”. Introduction 4 th and 5th paragraph: 4 th line –“hormonal fluctuations”-instead change to “hormonal phases” as fluctuations are abnormal phenomenon. The study methodology is well written and the selection criteria were clear and correctly identified. In the PRISMA flow chart, I suggest author to relook into this- ‘Study excluded N = 1 *Study was based on 3T MRI’, as this was supposed to be eliminated in the previous step. The conclusion shows that the hypothesis was proven correctly. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise breast imaging and onco imaging I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Rohini A. Peer Review Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170311.r355176) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v2#referee-response-355176 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Debnath M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 13 Sep 2024 | for Version 2 Manna Debnath , Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India 0 Views copyright © 2024 Debnath M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions I am satisfied with the changes authors have made to the manuscript. Author revisions have effectively addressed the concerns and suggestions raised during the review process. Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Expert in Medical Imaging Technology (MRI) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Debnath M. Peer Review Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.170311.r319001) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v2#referee-response-319001 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2024 Debnath M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 09 Aug 2024 | for Version 1 Manna Debnath , Charotar University of Science and Technology, Changa, Gujarat, India 0 Views copyright © 2024 Debnath M. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This is a scientifically sound scoping review. The author(s) have written extremely well. However, a few minor changes need to be addressed. Once these are included, the manuscript's quality will improve even further. Reviewers comment: 1. References are needed in the second paragraph of the introduction section. 2. Page No.3 References are needed on the line ‘While several studies have investigated this relationship, results have been inconsistent, and a comprehensive synthesis of the available evidence is lacking.’ 3. The introduction is well-written and properly highlights the research gaps. 4. In the study selection section, I suggest that the author include a statement on including or excluding full-text articles or abstracts. 5. The phases of the selection process are well written. 6. In the result section, paragraph 1, you stated that '5 studies were ultimately included for scoping review', yet in PRISMA flow diagram Figure 1, in the Included Section of the chart, the number of articles included for this scoping review is 6. Please confirm the mismatch between the included articles in the study. 7. In the PRISMA flow chart, please correct the sentence, ‘Study excluded N = 1 *Study was based on 3T MRI.’ 8. Page no. 7, 3.2.1 Menopausal status and ADC values; and Page no. 8, 3.2.2 Mensural cycle and ADC values. Both paragraphs have the same data. Without repeating the data, I suggest you change the heading to Mensural cycle, menopausal status, and ADC values. 9. Page 10, last paragraph: 'Future research'. I suggest fusing these lines on the next page, under the heading ‘Based on these limitations and the findings of this review, several directions for future research can be proposed’. 10. The conclusion is clearly written and shows that the hypothesis was proven correctly. Are the rationale for, and objectives of, the Systematic Review clearly stated? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods and analysis provided to allow replication by others? Yes Is the statistical analysis and its interpretation appropriate? Yes Are the conclusions drawn adequately supported by the results presented in the review? Yes If this is a Living Systematic Review, is the ‘living’ method appropriate and is the search schedule clearly defined and justified? (‘Living Systematic Review’ or a variation of this term should be included in the title.) Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Expert in Medical Imaging Technology (MRI) I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 30 Aug 2024 Winniecia Dkhar, Medical Imaging Technology, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India Thank you for your valuable feedback on our scoping review. We appreciate your thoughtful comments and suggestions. Here is our response to each of your points: 1. We agreed and added appropriate references to the second paragraph of the introduction. 2. We included relevant references to support the statement about inconsistent results and lack of comprehensive synthesis. 3. Thank you for your positive feedback on the introduction. 4. We added a clear statement about the inclusion/exclusion of full-text articles and abstracts in the study selection section. 5. We appreciate your positive comment on the description of the selection process phases. 6. Thank you for catching this discrepancy. We corrected the text to match the PRISMA flow diagram, confirming that 6 studies were included in the final review. 7. We revised the sentence in the PRISMA flow chart as suggested. 8. We appreciated this suggestion and merged the two sections under a single heading "Menstrual cycle, menopausal status, and ADC values" to avoid repetition. 9. We had already implemented this suggestion by fusing the future research directions with the conclusion section. 10. Thank you for your positive feedback on the conclusion. We made all these revisions to improve the quality and clarity of our manuscript. We appreciate your thorough review and constructive comments, which have undoubtedly enhanced the overall quality of our scoping review. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Debnath M. Peer Review Report For: Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping Review of DWI in Pre- and Post-menopausal Women [version 3; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2025, 13 :857 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.168971.r310441) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v1#referee-response-310441 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Stay Updated Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles Register with F1000Research Already registered? Sign in Not now, thanks close PLEASE NOTE If you are an AUTHOR of this article, please check that you signed in with the account associated with this article otherwise we cannot automatically identify your role as an author and your comment will be labelled as a “User Comment”. If you are a REVIEWER of this article, please check that you have signed in with the account associated with this article and then go to your account to submit your report, please do not post your review here. If you do not have access to your original account, please contact us . All commenters must hold a formal affiliation as per our Policies . The information that you give us will be displayed next to your comment. User comments must be in English, comprehensible and relevant to the article under discussion. We reserve the right to remove any comments that we consider to be inappropriate, offensive or otherwise in breach of the User Comment Terms and Conditions . Commenters must not use a comment for personal attacks. When criticisms of the article are based on unpublished data, the data should be made available. I accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions Please confirm that you accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions. Affiliation ✕ refresh Please enter your institution. Note: To add your institution or organisation, start typing the name and then select the correct name from the list. Where applicable, the name will appear in both the original language and in English. Do not paste in the name. If the name does not appear in the drop-down list, we will display the information you have entered. ✕ refresh Country/Region * USA UK Canada China France Germany Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Minor Outlying Islands of the United States Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Is South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Gambia The Netherlands Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu UK USA Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna West Bank and Gaza Strip Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Please select your country/region. You must enter a comment. Competing Interests Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Please state your competing interests The comment has been saved. An error has occurred. Please try again. Cancel Post var lTitle = "Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast...".replace("'", ''); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle) + "&summary=" + encodeURIComponent('Read the article by '); var deliciousUrl = "https://del.icio.us/post?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); var redditUrl = "http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent('Dkhar W et al.'); var offsetTop = /chrome/i.test( navigator.userAgent ) ? 4 : -10; var addthis_config = { ui_offset_top: offsetTop, services_compact : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_expanded : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_custom : [ { name: "LinkedIn", url: linkedInUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_linkedin.svg" }, { name: "Mendeley", url: "http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3/mendeley", icon:"/img/icon/at_mendeley.svg" }, { name: "Reddit", url: redditUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_reddit.svg" }, ] }; var addthis_share = { url: "https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857", templates : { twitter : "Hormonal Influences on ADC Values in Breast Tissues: A Scoping.... Dkhar W et al., published by " + "@F1000Research" + ", https://f1000research.com/articles/13-857/v3" } }; if (typeof(addthis) != "undefined"){ addthis.addEventListener('addthis.ready', checkCount); addthis.addEventListener('addthis.menu.share', checkCount); } $(".f1r-shares-twitter").attr("href", "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + addthis_share.templates.twitter); $(".f1r-shares-facebook").attr("href", "https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" + addthis_share.url); $(".f1r-shares-linkedin").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[0].url); $(".f1r-shares-reddit").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[2].url); $(".f1r-shares-mendelay").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[1].url); function checkCount(){ setTimeout(function(){ $(".addthis_button_expanded").each(function(){ var count = $(this).text(); if (count !== "" && count != "0") $(this).removeClass("is-hidden"); else $(this).addClass("is-hidden"); }); }, 1000); } close How to cite this report {{reportCitation}} Cancel Copy Citation Details $(function(){R.ui.buttonDropdowns('.dropdown-for-downloads');}); $(function(){R.ui.toolbarDropdowns('.toolbar-dropdown-for-downloads');}); $.get("/articles/acj/153999/176915") new F1000.Clipboard(); new F1000.ThesaurusTermsDisplay("articles", "article", "176915"); $(document).ready(function() { $( "#frame1" ).on('load', function() { var mydiv = $(this).contents().find("div"); var h = mydiv.height(); console.log(h) }); var tooltipLivingFigure = jQuery(".interactive-living-figure-label .icon-more-info"), titleLivingFigure = tooltipLivingFigure.attr("title"); tooltipLivingFigure.simpletip({ fixed: true, position: ["-115", "30"], baseClass: 'small-tooltip', content:titleLivingFigure + " " }); tooltipLivingFigure.removeAttr("title"); $("body").on("click", ".cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var ref = $(this).attr("data-ref"); $(this).closest(".living-figure-list-container").find("#" + ref).fadeIn(200); }); $("body").on("click", ".close-cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).closest(".popup-window-wrapper").fadeOut(200); }); $(document).on("mouseup", function(e) { var metricsContainer = $(".article-metrics-popover-wrapper"); if (!metricsContainer.is(e.target) && metricsContainer.has(e.target).length === 0) { $(".article-metrics-close-button").click(); } }); var articleId = $('#articleId').val(); if($("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics) { $("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics(articleId, { articleMetricsView: true }); } }); var figshareWidget = $(".new_figshare_widget"); if (figshareWidget.length > 0) { window.figshare.load("f1000", function(Widget) { // Select a tag/tags defined in your page. In this tag we will place the widget. _.map(figshareWidget, function(el){ var widget = new Widget({ articleId: $(el).attr("figshare_articleId") //height:300 // this is the height of the viewer part. [Default: 550] }); widget.initialize(); // initialize the widget widget.mount(el); // mount it in a tag that's on your page // this will save the widget on the global scope for later use from // your JS scripts. This line is optional. //window.widget = widget; }); }); } close Error Close Add Reset F1000.MICROSERVICES.AFFILIATION = ''; $(document).ready(function () { $('.js-affiliations-form').each((index, form) => { new AffiliationForm({ formId: form.id, institutionErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-institution', departmentErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-department', placeSelector: '.js-add-comment-place', stateSelector: '.js-add-comment-state', zipCodeSelector: '.js-add-comment-zipcode', countrySelector: '.js-add-comment-country', countryErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-country', }); }); }); $(document).ready(function () { var reportIds = { "362772": 5, "362771": 5, "319001": 9, "322340": 0, "310436": 0, "322341": 0, "310437": 0, "322342": 0, "310438": 0, "322343": 0, "310439": 0, "310432": 0, "310433": 0, "322338": 0, "310434": 0, "322339": 0, "310435": 0, "346543": 0, "346542": 0, "322344": 0, "310440": 0, "322345": 0, "310441": 17, "322346": 0, "322347": 0, "346549": 0, "346548": 0, "346551": 0, "346550": 0, "346545": 0, "346544": 0, "346547": 0, "346546": 0, "339141": 0, "339140": 0, "339143": 0, "339142": 0, "339149": 0, "339148": 0, "339145": 0, "339144": 0, "339147": 0, "339146": 0, "336469": 0, "336468": 0, "336471": 0, "319319": 0, "336470": 0, "336467": 0, "336466": 0, "319324": 0, "319325": 0, "319326": 0, "319327": 0, "319320": 0, "336473": 0, "319321": 0, "336472": 0, "319322": 0, "319323": 0, "342885": 0, "342884": 0, "342887": 0, "342886": 0, "319328": 0, "342893": 0, "342892": 0, "342889": 0, "342888": 0, "355176": 14, "342891": 0, "342890": 0, }; $(".referee-response-container,.js-referee-report").each(function(index, el) { var reportId = $(el).attr("data-reportid"), reportCount = reportIds[reportId] || 0; $(el).find(".comments-count-container,.js-referee-report-views").html(reportCount); }); var uuidInput = $("#article_uuid"), oldUUId = uuidInput.val(), newUUId = "cc1d35c7-87ec-4bf9-999b-d02bae7d4262"; uuidInput.val(newUUId); $("a[href*='article_uuid=']").each(function(index, el) { var newHref = $(el).attr("href").replace(oldUUId, newUUId); $(el).attr("href", newHref); }); }); An innovative open access publishing platform offering rapid publication and open peer review, whilst supporting data deposition and sharing. Browse Gateways Collections How it Works Contact For Developers Cookie Notice Privacy Notice RSS Submit Your Research Follow us © 2012-2026 F1000 Research Ltd. ISSN 2046-1402 | Legal | Partner of Research4Life • CrossRef • ORCID • FAIRSharing R.templateTests.simpleTemplate = R.template(' $text $text $text $text $text '); R.templateTests.runTests(); var F1000platform = new F1000.Platform({ name: "f1000research", displayName: "F1000Research", hostName: "f1000research.com", id: "1", editorialEmail: "[email protected]", infoEmail: "[email protected]", usePmcStats: true }); $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-authors, .dropdown-for-about, .dropdown-for-myresearch');}); // $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-referees');}); $(document).ready(function () { if ($(".cookie-warning").is(":visible")) { $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "35px"); $(".devices").addClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); } $(".cookie-warning .close-button").click(function (e) { $(".devices").removeClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "0"); }); $("#tweeter-feed .tweet-message").each(function (i, message) { var self = $(message); self.html(linkify(self.html())); }); $(".partner").on("mouseenter mouseleave", function() { $(this).find(".gray-scale, .colour").toggleClass("is-hidden"); }); }); Sign In Remember me Forgotten your password? Sign In Cancel Email or password not correct. Please try again Please wait... $(function(){ // Note: All the setup needs to run against a name attribute and *not* the id due the clonish // nature of facebox... $("a[id=googleSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("GOOGLE"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=facebookSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("FACEBOOK"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=orcidSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("ORCID"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); }); If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Email address not valid, please try again You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here . You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here . Code not correct, please try again Reset password Cancel Email us for further assistance. Server error, please try again. If your email address is registered with us, we will email you instructions to reset your password. If you think you should have received this email but it has not arrived, please check your spam filters and/or contact for further assistance. Please wait... Register $(document).ready(function () { signIn.createSignInAsRow($("#sign-in-form-gfb-popup")); $(".target-field").each(function () { var uris = $(this).val().split("/"); if (uris.pop() === "login") { $(this).val(uris.toString().replace(",","/")); } }); });