SAT-Based Optimization Framework for Electric Vehicle Charging Station Routing Under Real-World Constraints

The SAT-based framework was applied to intercity EV routing scenarios, where it demonstrated substantial improvements over traditional methods in terms of route optimization, cost reduction, and charging station relevance. Notably, the SAT model was effective in avoiding redundant charging recommendations, selecting only those stations necessary to complete the route while satisfying all energy and infrastructure constraints. Moreover, the solver showed rapid convergence and greater adaptability under varied operational scenarios. In conclusion, this study highlights the effectiveness of SAT-based modeling—particularly its CNF formulation and logical expressiveness—in delivering a scalable, intelligent, and efficient solution for real-time EV route planning and charging station optimization.