Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome complicated by plasmacytosis mimicking multiple myeloma: A case report

Background: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a zoonosis endemic with atypical early clinical manifestations, and it is very easy to be misdiagnosed. Up to now, there has been no report on plasmacytosis caused by HFRS. Here we report a case of HFRS complicated by plasmacytosis mimicking multiple myeloma. Case presentation: We present an atypical case of HFRS, with the patient exhibiting both bone marrow and peripheral blood plasmacytosis during the course of illness. Besides, the patient presented with lymphadenopathy and was diagnosed with AITL and died soon due to cardiogenic shock. Conclusions: HFRS should be one of differential diagnosis of plasmacytosis in certain endemic area.