Seismic design and analysis, vulnerability assessment of RC frame building, Juba, South Sudan

Seismic design and analysis, vulnerability assessment of RC frame building, Juba, South Sudan | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Seismic design and analysis, vulnerability assessment of RC frame building, Juba, South Sudan Mabor Achol Samuel, Ergang Xiong, Beco Chenadaire Lekeufack This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6015841/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Reinforced concrete (RC) is a widely used building material known for its strength and durability. By combining the compressive strength of concrete with the tensile properties of steel, RC structures can withstand significant loads, making them ideal for buildings and critical infrastructure. This adaptability has made RC a preferred choice in urban construction, especially in developing regions such as Juba in South Sudan. However, RC buildings in Juba are particularly vulnerable due to the lack of formal seismic design standards, inadequate reinforcement details, and limited awareness of earthquake-resistant practices. Consequently, many regional structures need to be better designed to withstand seismic forces, increasing the risk of failure during earthquakes. This study evaluates the seismic behavior of a typical G + 2 RC frame building in Juba, designed initially to withstand gravity loads when subjected to seismic forces. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) and Time History Analysis (THA) with SAP2000 v23.2.0 software analyze critical components such as beam-column connections. The seismic loads were calculated using the equivalent static method according to the IS:1893–2016 standard. The results show that although the building meets the criteria to prevent collapse, significant weaknesses in the beam-to-column connections affect its seismic performance. These results underscore the need for increased reinforcement and the urgent development of seismic design guidelines and retrofit strategies specific to construction practices in Juba. This study provides important insights for engineers and policymakers to improve the seismic resilience of RC buildings, protect infrastructure, and enhance public safety in the rapidly urbanizing regions of South Sudan. South Sudan Reinforced concrete (RC) Seismic performance Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) Fragility curves Earthquake Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6015841","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":415164928,"identity":"24e4cd63-16fd-417a-afd8-06cfe50d76c8","order_by":0,"name":"Mabor Achol Samuel","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHjCZwMDOfODAByCLjZ1oLcxsiQ9ngLQwE6+Fx9gYzCakRbf97MHHFTV2efzMbGnSNr+2yfMxMzB++JiDW4vZmbxkwzPHkoslm5mPSef23TZsY2Zglpy5DY+WAzlmkg1sBxI3HAbakttzmxGohY2ZF5+W82+AWv6BtPCYSVv23LYnrOUG0JbGNrAWY2OGH7cTidDyLtmwsS85cWYzMJB7G24ntzEzNuP3y/ncgw8bvtkl9rM3Hzjw489t2/ntzQc/fMSjBRUwtoHJBmLVg8AfUhSPglEwCkbBSAEA0fJTA158F+wAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4510-9153","institution":"Changan University: Chang'an University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mabor","middleName":"Achol","lastName":"Samuel","suffix":""},{"id":415164929,"identity":"f53f5549-8c51-4f0c-9c69-9f716232c6f7","order_by":1,"name":"Ergang Xiong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changan University: Chang'an University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ergang","middleName":"","lastName":"Xiong","suffix":""},{"id":415164930,"identity":"e39d284f-7b85-4059-a1ec-55662f10a1f2","order_by":2,"name":"Beco Chenadaire Lekeufack","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Changan University: Chang'an University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Beco","middleName":"Chenadaire","lastName":"Lekeufack","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-02-12 14:03:42","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6015841/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6015841/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":79518328,"identity":"6ff2849c-18ea-46ba-ba3e-eb679f622d5a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-30 11:48:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1415386,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Seismicdesignandanalysis.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6015841/v1_covered_c4dcff7b-faf5-4cd6-a0f9-09b67d341f09.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Seismic design and analysis, vulnerability assessment of RC frame building, Juba, South Sudan","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"South Sudan, Reinforced concrete (RC), Seismic performance, Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), Fragility curves, Earthquake","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6015841/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6015841/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eReinforced concrete (RC) is a widely used building material known for its strength and durability. 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