Primary Umbilical Endometriosis: Case Report and Literature Review.
This case report and literature review examines primary umbilical endometriosis, a rare condition characterized by ectopic endometrial tissue in the umbilicus without prior pelvic disease history. The authors present a 37-year-old Asian female patient who presented with an umbilical mass and cyclic bleeding, undergoing complete surgical resection and reconstruction. Long-term follow-up over ten years revealed no recurrence and good aesthetic outcomes, while the accompanying review covers epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and differential diagnoses for such lesions. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically focusing on the clinical presentation, management, and prognosis of this rare extra-pelvic manifestation.
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