In-vitro Acaricidal Efficacy of Aqueous Extract of Azadirachta Indica and Melia Azedarach Leaves Against Cattle Tick Haylomma Anatolicum

The efficacy of a crude aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach leaves was evaluated separately and in combination (1:1) for its acaricidal potential against distilled water and Amitraz (12.5% w/v) using cattle tick Haylomma anatolicum . The percent corrected adult tick mortality within 15 days, reproductive index, percentage inhibition of oviposition, hatching percentage of laid eggs, percent hatching rate reduction, and percentage of larval mortality were studied at concentrations of 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 100% (v/v). At the concentration of 70% and 100%, the corrected adult tick mortality was 36.67% for A. indica and 33.33% for M. azedarach and combination. Corrected mortality caused by A. indica and M. azedarach extracts separately and in combination was statistically significant (P < 0.001) when compared with the mortality caused by distilled water. Inhibition of oviposition at the 70% and 100% concentration of A. indica, M. azedarach , and combination of leaves extract-treated ticks were 26.28% and 26.65%; 23.86% and 23.89%; 42.34% and 41.48% respectively. Inhibition of oviposition of treated groups was concentration-dependent and highest at 70% and 100% and differed significantly from the control with higher efficacy for a combination of extracts than individually. Larvae treated with all the tested concentrations of A. indica , M. azedarach , and a combination of extracts by larval packet test showed significant mortality (P < 0.001) than that of control and found 70.17% and 70.83% for A. indica , 66.33% and 66.50% for M. azedarach , 63% and 64.33% for a combination of extracts at the 70% and 100% respectively. Complete failure of hatching of eggs from the ticks treated with Amitraz was reported, whereas in A. indica , M. azedarach and combination of extracts hatchability were 56.69%, 56.57%, 49.33% and 54.61%, 56.15%, 47.04% at 70% and 100% respectively. However, hatchability reduction rate were 40.34%, 40.47%, 48.09% and 42.53%, 40.91%, 50.50% for A. indica , M. azedarach and combination at 70% and 100% respectively and 0%, 95.62%, 99.28% for distilled water, Amitraz 2ml/L and 4ml/L respectively. The results pointed out that the crude aqueous extracts of A. indica, M. azedarach , and the combination can be used as an alternative for control of H. anatolicum with good acaricidal potentials.