Palladium/phosphoramidite-selenide-catalyzed enantioselective allylic amination

Palladium/phosphoramidite-selenide-catalyzed enantioselective allylic amination | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report Palladium/phosphoramidite-selenide-catalyzed enantioselective allylic amination Bin Feng, Yuan-Cheng Li, Tang-Ling Hou, Cui-Zhen Wang, Hongkai Huang, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7763370/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Chemical Papers → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Herein, we report an enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic amination reaction using phosphoramidite-selenide ligands. A wide variety of N-nucleophiles are suitable in this reaction, furnishing corresponding allylic amination products up to 93% yield and 90% ee. Asymmetric catalysis Chiral Selenide ligands Allylic amination Palladium Figures Figure 1 Introduction Chiral amine compounds are widely utilized for the construction of various chiral auxiliaries, drugs and bioactive agent (Kizirian 2007; Ameen and Snape 2013). Thus, numerous protocols for the synthesis of these optically active compounds were reported (Xu et al. 2023; Xu and Li 2021; Wu et al. 2021; Cheng et al. 2021; Li and Zhang 2014). Among them, the palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of amines was proved to be a powerful method for the synthesis of chiral nitrogen-containing compounds (Pamies et al. 2021; Noreen et al. 2019; Evans et al. 2016; Butt and Zhang 2015; Milhau and Guiry 2012). However, due to the hard characteristics of amine nucleophiles, the reaction efficiency and stereocontrol effect are not as good as the reported carbon nucleophiles. Under this context, a plethora of chiral ligands were developed for the highly stereoselective allylic amination with 1,3-diphenyl-2-propeny(Lu and Ma 2008). For example, the Pregosin group and the Wolf group (Selvakumar et al. 1999; Lynch et al. 2020) reported the applications of the Phox ligands in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination. The BINAP ligand is also suitable for this reaction in water. The Sinou group reported the Pd/BINAP complex catalyzed allylic amination reaction in the presence of a surfactant, affording the products in up to 91% ee (Rabeyrin and Sinou 2003). Phosphoramidite ligand has been recognized as a kind of privileged ligand and usually used to synthesize hybrid ligand via the combination with other coordinating atom (Teichert and Feringa 2010). For example, the Du group (Liu et al. 2011) reported a phosphoramidite–olefin ligand reported a kind of phosphoramidite–sulfide ligand, these catalytic systems can furnish the corresponding product in up to 94% ee and 98% ee respectively. In addition, the Constantieux group reported a Pyridine-Phosphine ligands, and up to 94% ee was observed (Delapierre et al. 2001). Due to the special enantiocontrol effect of chiral ferrocenyl ligand, some planar chiral ligands were also applied in this reaction (Cunningham et al. 2020). The Fesulphos ligand reported by the Carretero group could promote the allylic amination in up to 99% ee (Priego et al. 2002). The Knochel group reported a Ferrocene-based biphosphine ligand, yielding the product 3aa in 82% ee (Lotz et al. 2002). The sulfoxide-phosphine ligands reporeted by the Xiao and Chen group were also proved to be suitable ligand for the allylic amination reaction, to give the product in up to 98.5% ee (Feng et al. 2014). On the other hand, we reported the synthesis of P/Se-type hybrid ligands with axial and center chirality, which exhibited good stereocontrol in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic etherification reaction (Li et al. 2025; Feng et al. 2022). We envisaged that these ligands would be efficient choice for the relative hard amine nucleophiles. As a result, we herein disclosed a detailed account of the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution of amine using chiral P-Se hybrid ligands. Results and discussion Initially, the reaction of benzylamine ( 1a ) with 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenylacetate ( 2a ) was examined in the presence of [Pd(C 3 H 5 )Cl] 2 (5.0 mol%) and ligand L1 (10 mol%) in acetonitrile at 40°C with 3.0 equivalent of Cs 2 CO 3 as the base. To our delight, the reaction could finish in 5 hours and the product 3aa was separated in 95% yield and 83% ee. Encouraged by the preliminary result, various solvents such as THF, DME, DCE, DCM and toluene were examined at 40 o C (entries 2–6). Unfortunately, inferior results were obtained compared with acetonitrile, which indicated that the coordinating property of the solvent had a positive impact on the reaction rate and stereocontrol. Then, to improve the enantioselectivity of the product, we further investigated some other P,Se-ligand reported by our group. However, no obvious improvement was detected. Finally, a screening of base was carried out using L2 as the ligand. The reaction could successfully transfer 2a completely into product 3aa in 5 hours with K 2 CO 3 as the base. Other bases such as K 3 PO 4 and BaCO 3 could not give better results. Thus, the best reaction conditions could confirmed as: 1 (0.6 mmol), 2 (0.2 mmol), 5 mol% of [Pd(C 3 H 5 Cl)] 2 , 10 mol% of ligand L2 , and 3.0 equivalents of K 2 CO 3 in 2.0 mL CH 3 CN at 40 o C. Table 1 Optimization of the reaction conditions of Allylic Alkylation Reaction a entry a solvent b ligand base time (h) yield b ee c 1 CH 3 CN L1 Cs 2 CO 3 5 95 83 2 THF L1 Cs 2 CO 3 10 90 50 3 DME L1 Cs 2 CO 3 10 93 40 4 DCE L1 Cs 2 CO 3 10 85 67 5 DCM L1 Cs 2 CO 3 10 88 63 6 Toluene L1 Cs 2 CO 3 10 80 51 7 CH 3 CN L2 Cs 2 CO 3 5 93 83 8 CH 3 CN L3 Cs 2 CO 3 5 89 79 9 CH 3 CN L4 Cs 2 CO 3 24 - - 10 CH 3 CN L2 K 2 CO 3 5 96 83 11 CH 3 CN L2 BaCO 3 10 55 70 12 CH 3 CN L2 K 3 PO 4 8 87 82 a Unless otherwise noted, reactions were carried out with 1a (0.6 mmol), 2a (0.2 mmol), [Pd(C 3 H 5 )Cl] 2 (5 mol%), L (10 mol%), and base (0.6 mmol) in solvent (2.0 mL) at 40 o C. b Isolated yield. c Determined by chiral HPLC. After the optimal reaction conditions established, we proceeded to explore the reaction scope. As shown in Scheme 2 , the current catalytic system was compatible with various primary amines. For example, both electron donating and electron withdrawing group substituted benzyl amine were tolerated in this reaction, furnishing the product 3ba and 3ca in good yield and ee. The aniline and p -chloroaniline proved to be better nucleophiles, affording the products in 3da and 3ea in 86% and 90% ee respectively. However, reaction with cyclic secondary amines only furnished the corresponding product 3ga and 3ha in up to 58% ee, which might be attribute to the relatively smaller steric hindrance. It’s worthy of noting that, when sulfonamides were utilized in this reaction, the products 3ia and 3ja could be obtained in good yield and good ee value. Conclusion In this work, we described a Pd/phosphoramidite-selenide-catalyzed enantioselective allylic amination reaction with a range of N-nucleophiles under mild conditions. Various substituted primary amine is well tolerated in the catalytic system, furnishing the corresponding products with moderate to good enantioselectivities albeit with good yields. Declarations Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing financial interest. Acknowledgements This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21901009), Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi (No. 2019GXNSFBA245075), Self-funded project for scientific research and technological development of Baise (NO. 20232038, 20232050). References Ameen D, Snape TJ (2013) Chiral 1,1-diaryl compounds as important pharmacophores. MedChemComm 4:893-907. doi:10.1039/c3md00088e Butt NA, Zhang W (2015) Transition metal-catalyzed allylic substitution reactions with unactivated allylic substrates. Chem. Soc. Rev. 44:7929-7967. doi:10.1039/c5cs00144g Cheng YY, Li WS, Wu HL (2021) Application of Rh(I)/Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptadiene Catalysts to the Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Amines. Chem. Rec. 21:3954-3963. doi:10.1002/tcr.202100209 Cunningham L, Benson A, Guiry PJ (2020) Recent developments in the synthesis and applications of chiral ferrocene ligands and organocatalysts in asymmetric catalysis. Org. Biomol. Chem 18:9329-9370. doi:10.1039/d0ob01933j Delapierre G, Brunel JM, Constantieux T, Buono G (2001) Design of a new class of chiral quinoline–phosphine ligands. Synthesis and application in asymmetric catalysis. Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 12:1345-1352. doi:10.1016/s0957-4166(01)00220-8 Evans P, Grange R, Clizbe E (2016) Recent Developments in Asymmetric Allylic Amination Reactions. Synthesis 48:2911-2968. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1562090 Feng B, Cheng H-G, Chen J-R, Deng Q-H, Lu L-Q, Xiao W-J (2014) Palladium/sulfoxide-phosphine-catalyzed highly enantioselective allylic etherification and amination. Chem. Commun. 50:9550-9553. doi:10.1039/c4cc03920c Feng B, Fang P-W, Lan G-M, Peng L-Y, Liang L-F, You G-Y (2022) Development of a novel phosphoramidite-selenide ligand for Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution. Org. Biomol. Chem 20:7415-7418. doi:10.1039/d2ob01249a Kizirian J-C (2007) Chiral Tertiary Diamines in Asymmetric Synthesis. Chem. Rev. 108:140-205. doi:10.1021/cr040107v Li C, Chen Y-M, Gan X-B, Qin J-L, You G-Y, Feng B (2025) Palladium/phosphoramidite-selenide-catalyzed enantioselective allylic etherification reaction. Chem. Pap. doi:10.1007/s11696-024-03867-8 Li W, Zhang, X (2014). Topics in Current Chemistry. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-53929-9 Liu Z, Cao Z, Du H (2011) Highly effective chiral phosphorus amidite-olefin ligands for palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitutions. Org. Biomol. Chem 9:5369-5372. doi:10.1039/c1ob05803g Lotz M, Kramer G, Knochel P (2002) Facile axial chirality control by using a precursor with central chirality. Application to the preparation of new axially chiral diphosphine complexes for asymmetric catalysis. Chem. Commun.:2546-2547. doi:10.1039/b207399d Lu Z, Ma S (2008) Metal-catalyzed enantioselective allylation in asymmetric synthesis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, 47:258-297. doi:10.1002/anie.200605113 Lynch CC, Balaraman K, Wolf C (2020) Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Amination with Isatins, Sulfonamides, Imides, Amines, and N-Heterocycles. Org. Lett. 22:3180-3184. doi:10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00936 Milhau L, Guiry PJ (2012) Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution. In: Kazmaier U (ed) Transition Metal Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Substitution in Organic Synthesis, vol 38. Topics in Organometallic Chemistry. pp 95-153. doi:10.1007/3418_2011_9 Noreen S, Zahoor AF, Ahmad S, Shahzadi I, Irfan A, Faiz S (2019) Novel Chiral Ligands for Palladium-catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation/ Asymmetric Tsuji-Trost Reaction: A Review. Curr. Org. Chem. 23:1168-1213. doi:10.2174/1385272823666190624145039 Pamies O, Margalef J, Canellas S, James J, Judge E, Guiry PJ, Moberg C, Backvall JE, Pfaltz A, Pericas MA, Dieguez M (2021) Recent Advances in Enantioselective Pd-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution: From Design to Applications. Chem. Rev. 121:4373-4505. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00736 Priego J, Mancheno OG, Cabrera S, Arrayas RG, Llamas T, Carretero JC (2002) 1-Phosphino-2-sulfenylferrocenes: efficient ligands in enantioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic substitutions and ring opening of 7-oxabenzonorbornadienes. Chem. Commun.:2512-2513. doi:10.1039/b207344g Rabeyrin C, Sinou D (2003) Catalytic asymmetric alkylation in water in the presence of surfactants: Influence of the nature of the nucleophile and the allylic acetate on the activity and enantioselectivity. Tetrahedron Asymmetry 14:3891 - 3897. doi:10.1016/j.tetasy.2003.09.041 Selvakumar K, Valentini M, Wörle M, Pregosin PS, Albinati A (1999) Palladium(0) Olefin Complexes and Enantioselective Allylic Amination/Alkylation with a P,N-Auxiliary. Organometallics 18:1207-1215. doi:10.1021/om980920e Teichert JF, Feringa BL (2010) Phosphoramidites: privileged ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed, 49:2486-2528. doi:10.1002/anie.200904948 Wu X, Ren J, Shao Z, Yang X, Qian D (2021) Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Couplings of α-Aminoalkyl Fragments to Access Chiral Alkylamines. ACS Catal. 11:6560-6577. doi:10.1021/acscatal.1c01545 Xu M-H, Li Y (2021) Applications of Asymmetric Petasis Reaction in the Synthesis of Chiral Amines. Acta Chim. Sinica 79:1345-1359. doi:10.6023/a21080391 Xu Y, Wang J, Deng G-J, Shao W (2023) Recent advances in the synthesis of chiral α-tertiary aminesviatransition-metal catalysis. Chem. Commun. 59:4099-4114. doi:10.1039/d3cc00439b Scheme 2 Scheme 2 is available in the Supplementary Files section. Supplementary Files SC2.png Scheme 2. Examination of substrate scope. Reaction conditions: a 1 (0.6 mmol), 2 (0.2 mmol), [Pd(C 3 H 5 )Cl] 2 (5 mol%), L2 (10 mol%), and K 2 CO 3 (0.6 mmol) in CH 3 CN (2.0 mL) at 40 o C. b Isolated yield. c ee was determined by chiral HPLC. ESI1002.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Feb, 2026 Read the published version in Chemical Papers → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Oct, 2025 Editor invited by journal 09 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 07 Oct, 2025 First submitted to journal 01 Oct, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7763370","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Short Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":528192017,"identity":"9e507a4c-f0d7-432c-9c01-875708dcc342","order_by":0,"name":"Bin Feng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Baise University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bin","middleName":"","lastName":"Feng","suffix":""},{"id":528192018,"identity":"63dd8feb-d029-4624-90c8-f9a9c6863534","order_by":1,"name":"Yuan-Cheng Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Baise 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16:04:41","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":491169,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7763370/v1/30039357-8cfa-4e64-9aaf-571f85803c25.pdf"},{"id":94341266,"identity":"35ee0377-5fa3-4449-b8de-efd4faec1e55","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-27 12:37:10","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":60975,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eScheme 2.\u003c/strong\u003e Examination of substrate scope. Reaction conditions: \u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003ea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e (0.6 mmol), \u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e (0.2 mmol), [Pd(C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e)Cl]\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (5 mol%), \u003cstrong\u003eL2\u003c/strong\u003e (10 mol%), and K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (0.6 mmol) in CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN (2.0 mL) at 40 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC. \u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eb \u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003eIsolated yield. \u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eee\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003ewas\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003edetermined by chiral HPLC.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"SC2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7763370/v1/535a4f45079df62fc1c4a99d.png"},{"id":94341345,"identity":"ca8a5490-2107-407f-bab2-90f0f5a9b798","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-27 12:37:17","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":5776688,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ESI1002.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7763370/v1/06fd16901ba417268e4caed9.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Palladium/phosphoramidite-selenide-catalyzed enantioselective allylic amination","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eChiral amine compounds are widely utilized for the construction of various chiral auxiliaries, drugs and bioactive agent (Kizirian 2007; Ameen and Snape 2013). Thus, numerous protocols for the synthesis of these optically active compounds were reported (Xu et al. 2023; Xu and Li 2021; Wu et al. 2021; Cheng et al. 2021; Li and Zhang 2014). Among them, the palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation of amines was proved to be a powerful method for the synthesis of chiral nitrogen-containing compounds (Pamies et al. 2021; Noreen et al. 2019; Evans et al. 2016; Butt and Zhang 2015; Milhau and Guiry 2012). However, due to the hard characteristics of amine nucleophiles, the reaction efficiency and stereocontrol effect are not as good as the reported carbon nucleophiles. Under this context, a plethora of chiral ligands were developed for the highly stereoselective allylic amination with 1,3-diphenyl-2-propeny(Lu and Ma 2008). For example, the Pregosin group and the Wolf group (Selvakumar et al. 1999; Lynch et al. 2020) reported the applications of the Phox ligands in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination. The BINAP ligand is also suitable for this reaction in water. The Sinou group reported the Pd/BINAP complex catalyzed allylic amination reaction in the presence of a surfactant, affording the products in up to 91% ee (Rabeyrin and Sinou 2003). Phosphoramidite ligand has been recognized as a kind of privileged ligand and usually used to synthesize hybrid ligand via the combination with other coordinating atom (Teichert and Feringa 2010). For example, the Du group (Liu et al. 2011) reported a phosphoramidite\u0026ndash;olefin ligand reported a kind of phosphoramidite\u0026ndash;sulfide ligand, these catalytic systems can furnish the corresponding product in up to 94% ee and 98% ee respectively. In addition, the Constantieux group reported a Pyridine-Phosphine ligands, and up to 94% ee was observed (Delapierre et al. 2001). Due to the special enantiocontrol effect of chiral ferrocenyl ligand, some planar chiral ligands were also applied in this reaction (Cunningham et al. 2020). The Fesulphos ligand reported by the Carretero group could promote the allylic amination in up to 99% ee (Priego et al. 2002). The Knochel group reported a Ferrocene-based biphosphine ligand, yielding the product \u003cb\u003e3aa\u003c/b\u003e in 82% ee (Lotz et al. 2002). The sulfoxide-phosphine ligands reporeted by the Xiao and Chen group were also proved to be suitable ligand for the allylic amination reaction, to give the product in up to 98.5% ee (Feng et al. 2014). On the other hand, we reported the synthesis of P/Se-type hybrid ligands with axial and center chirality, which exhibited good stereocontrol in Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic etherification reaction (Li et al. 2025; Feng et al. 2022). We envisaged that these ligands would be efficient choice for the relative hard amine nucleophiles. As a result, we herein disclosed a detailed account of the Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution of amine using chiral P-Se hybrid ligands.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results and discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eInitially, the reaction of benzylamine (\u003cstrong\u003e1a\u003c/strong\u003e) with 1,3-diphenyl-2-propenylacetate (\u003cstrong\u003e2a\u003c/strong\u003e) was examined in the presence of [Pd(C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e)Cl]\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e(5.0 mol%) and ligand \u003cstrong\u003eL1\u003c/strong\u003e (10 mol%) in acetonitrile at 40\u0026deg;C with 3.0 equivalent of Cs\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e as the base. To our delight, the reaction could finish in 5 hours and the product \u003cstrong\u003e3aa\u003c/strong\u003e was separated in 95% yield and 83% ee. Encouraged by the preliminary result, various solvents such as THF, DME, DCE, DCM and toluene were examined at 40 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC (entries 2\u0026ndash;6). Unfortunately, inferior results were obtained compared with acetonitrile, which indicated that the coordinating property of the solvent had a positive impact on the reaction rate and stereocontrol. Then, to improve the enantioselectivity of the product, we further investigated some other P,Se-ligand reported by our group. However, no obvious improvement was detected. Finally, a screening of base was carried out using \u003cstrong\u003eL2\u003c/strong\u003e as the ligand. The reaction could successfully transfer \u003cstrong\u003e2a\u003c/strong\u003e completely into product \u003cstrong\u003e3aa\u003c/strong\u003e in 5 hours with K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e as the base. Other bases such as K\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003ePO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e and BaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e could not give better results. Thus, the best reaction conditions could confirmed as: \u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e (0.6 mmol), \u003cstrong\u003e2\u003c/strong\u003e (0.2 mmol), 5 mol% of [Pd(C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eCl)]\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, 10 mol% of ligand \u003cstrong\u003eL2\u003c/strong\u003e, and 3.0 equivalents of K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e in 2.0 mL CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN at 40 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eOptimization of the reaction conditions of Allylic Alkylation Reaction \u003cem\u003e\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cimg 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\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCs\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDME\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCs\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDCE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCs\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDCM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCs\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eToluene\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCs\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCs\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCs\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCs\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBaCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCN\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eL2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003ePO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003ea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e Unless otherwise noted, reactions were carried out with \u003cstrong\u003e1a\u003c/strong\u003e (0.6 mmol), \u003cstrong\u003e2a\u003c/strong\u003e (0.2 mmol), [Pd(C\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eH\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e)Cl]\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (5 mol%), \u003cstrong\u003eL\u003c/strong\u003e (10 mol%), and base (0.6 mmol) in solvent (2.0 mL) at 40 \u003csup\u003eo\u003c/sup\u003eC. \u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003eb\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e Isolated yield. \u003csup\u003e\u003cem\u003ec\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e Determined by chiral HPLC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the optimal reaction conditions established, we proceeded to explore the reaction scope. As shown in Scheme \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, the current catalytic system was compatible with various primary amines. For example, both electron donating and electron withdrawing group substituted benzyl amine were tolerated in this reaction, furnishing the product \u003cstrong\u003e3ba\u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e3ca\u003c/strong\u003e in good yield and ee. The aniline and \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e-chloroaniline proved to be better nucleophiles, affording the products in \u003cstrong\u003e3da\u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e3ea\u003c/strong\u003e in 86% and 90% ee respectively. However, reaction with cyclic secondary amines only furnished the corresponding product \u003cstrong\u003e3ga\u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e3ha\u003c/strong\u003e in up to 58% ee, which might be attribute to the relatively smaller steric hindrance. It\u0026rsquo;s worthy of noting that, when sulfonamides were utilized in this reaction, the products \u003cstrong\u003e3ia\u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e3ja\u003c/strong\u003e could be obtained in good yield and good ee value.\u003c/p\u003e\n"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this work, we described a Pd/phosphoramidite-selenide-catalyzed enantioselective allylic amination reaction with a range of N-nucleophiles under mild conditions. Various substituted primary amine is well tolerated in the catalytic system, furnishing the corresponding products with moderate to good enantioselectivities albeit with good yields.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing financial interest.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21901009), Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi (No. 2019GXNSFBA245075), Self-funded project for scientific research and technological development of Baise (NO. 20232038, 20232050).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAmeen D, Snape TJ (2013) Chiral 1,1-diaryl compounds as important pharmacophores. 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Sinica 79:1345-1359. doi:10.6023/a21080391\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eXu Y, Wang J, Deng G-J, Shao W (2023) Recent advances in the synthesis of chiral \u0026alpha;-tertiary aminesviatransition-metal catalysis. Chem. Commun. 59:4099-4114. doi:10.1039/d3cc00439b\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Scheme 2","content":"\n\u003cp\u003eScheme 2 is available in the Supplementary Files section.\u003c/p\u003e\n"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"chemical-papers","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"chpa","sideBox":"Learn more about [Chemical Papers](http://link.springer.com/journal/11696)","snPcode":"11696","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/CHPA/default.aspx","title":"Chemical Papers","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Asymmetric catalysis, Chiral Selenide ligands, Allylic amination, Palladium","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7763370/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7763370/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eHerein, we report an enantioselective Pd-catalyzed allylic amination reaction using phosphoramidite-selenide ligands. 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