On the generation of force required for cell and bacteria motility

On the generation of force required for cell and bacteria motility | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article On the generation of force required for cell and bacteria motility Alberto Salvadori, Claudia Bonanno, Mattia Serpelloni, Robert McMeeking This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3993283/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The fundamental quest of how forces are generated in a motile cell, a lamellipodium, and a comet tail is the subject this note. It is now well established that cellular motility is the result of the polymerization of actin, the most abundant protein in eukaryotic cells, into an interconnected set of filaments. We portray this process in a continuum mechanics framework, claiming that polymerization promotes a mechanical swelling in a narrow zone about the nucleation loci, which ultimately results in cellular or bacterial motility. To this aim, a new paradigm in continuum multi-physics has been designed departing the well-known theory of Larche-Cahn chemo-transport-mechanics. In this note, we set up the theory of network growth and compare the outcomes of numerical simulations with experimental evidence. Physical sciences/Engineering/Mechanical engineering Biological sciences/Biophysics/Motility/Cellular motility Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing/Applied mathematics Actin-based motility Chemo-transport-mechanics Continuum mechanics Finite elements High performance computing Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Aug, 2024 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 11 Apr, 2024 Reviews received at journal 09 Apr, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Mar, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 25 Mar, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 25 Mar, 2024 Editor invited by journal 13 Mar, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 13 Mar, 2024 First submitted to journal 27 Feb, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3993283","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":279125996,"identity":"5c3ff7c7-7631-4903-869c-a94a9f39d406","order_by":0,"name":"Alberto Salvadori","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABB0lEQVRIie3PsWrDMBCA4QsGZ1GcVSLFegV5cSjoYSQCmgLdDF2Mg0FZWvI2IaONhi4mc8Yar1m6JUOhVp1OtSBjBv0YfBg+zgfg8z1iU/Q3BQVA2D/T/i2HebzAEmGnyY2g6kZc5h8BLIbZtWZezuru9cKBbmuNLxl/icg5/WwPOUS0GCXYRKukEQpYIzV5O6pnvVgvmWyM+8cMSkkhDDCQJZtpw8LFOsVSV05CDVpeLaG7tky+LSGNJbmTsH7LxBI4yU33uwUjSwInSfpbSKEUYqd20z0dFQuRynB/CwpDMUrij/f6q+A8prtVVZ8zzujW7Mn1kMe0rBz3D6E7vvh8Pp/v7n4A+utTe3ZX924AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Brescia","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alberto","middleName":"","lastName":"Salvadori","suffix":""},{"id":279125997,"identity":"9c8274cc-f2de-4cc2-88f6-49b34ed05fe6","order_by":1,"name":"Claudia Bonanno","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Brescia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Claudia","middleName":"","lastName":"Bonanno","suffix":""},{"id":279126000,"identity":"ab5cd1f0-85fa-43a9-abbc-cf9644f77894","order_by":2,"name":"Mattia Serpelloni","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Brescia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mattia","middleName":"","lastName":"Serpelloni","suffix":""},{"id":279126002,"identity":"a1dfe6a8-1718-4f93-bf94-715b583254a2","order_by":3,"name":"Robert McMeeking","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of California, Santa Barbara","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Robert","middleName":"","lastName":"McMeeking","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-02-27 08:14:43","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3993283/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3993283/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69422-3","type":"published","date":"2024-08-08T15:57:39+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":62298404,"identity":"e774a351-41da-46c2-a075-13288ef545c6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-12 16:12:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1311444,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"naturecommContinuummultiphysics.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3993283/v1_covered_a0108e7b-68b6-493a-95f4-f0d2aac3770b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"On the generation of force required for cell and bacteria motility","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Actin-based motility, Chemo-transport-mechanics, Continuum mechanics, Finite elements, High performance computing","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3993283/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3993283/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe fundamental quest of \u003cem\u003ehow forces\u003c/em\u003e are generated in a motile cell, a lamellipodium, and a comet tail is the subject this note. 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