Educational Level of Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy Videos on Youtube™

Educational Level of Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy Videos on Youtube™ | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Educational Level of Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy Videos on Youtube™ Rıdvan Kayar, Kemal Kayar, Emrah Özsoy, Emre Tokuç, Muhammet Çiçek, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3976779/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose This study aims to evaluate the educational quality and appropriateness of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos on YouTube using the LAP-VEGaS criteria. It focuses on understanding the role of online resources in medical education and objectively assessing their quality. Methods A search was conducted on YouTube™ for "laparoscopic radical nephrectomy" on August 15, 2023, leading to the selection of the first 125 videos. Videos were chosen based on length (over 1 minute), content (laparoscopic radical nephrectomy), language (English), and non-industry sponsorship. The LAP-VEGaS criteria, encompassing 16 items under five main categories: video introduction, case presentation, procedures, outcomes, and educational content, were used for evaluation, assigning 0 or 1 point per criterion. Results Out of 100 videos meeting the criteria, they were divided into two groups: personal uploads by expert surgeons (Group-1) and institutional uploads by hospitals and organizations (Group-2). Group-2 videos had longer durations and higher LAP-VEGaS scores. The transperitoneal approach was preferred in 88% of the videos, and 84% were right laparoscopic nephrectomies. Group-2 had significantly higher LAP-VEGaS scores (6.3 ± 2.2) compared to Group-1 (4 ± 2.1) (p < 0,001). The number of videos published over the years increased, while LAP-VEGaS scores fluctuated. Conclusion Assessing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos on YouTube™ using the LAP-VEGaS criteria helped understand the role of online sources in medical education. Institutional uploads were found to be more successful in educational aspects, emphasizing the need for continuous quality review of online medical education materials. This study also guides how to evaluate and improve medical education materials on online platforms. laparoscopy radical nephrectomy online YouTube™ Figures Figure 1 Introduction The Internet is now considered to be the largest and most up-to-date source of medical information and evaluation. In recent years, health professionals have increasingly used it to obtain medical information ( 1 , 2 ). YouTube™, currently the second most visited website worldwide after Google, serves as a video sharing platform ( 3 , 4 ). In the field of medical education, YouTube™ has gained prominence among operating theatre nurses, medical students, junior doctors and consultants. However, despite its widespread use by surgical teams, there is no control mechanism regarding the appropriateness, accuracy and educational value of medical videos uploaded to YouTube™ ( 5 , 6 ). Radical nephrectomy (RN) is the gold standard treatment for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RN was first described by Robson in 1963 ( 7 ). Towards the end of the 20th century, laparoscopic transperitoneal and retroperitoneal radical nephrectomies were performed and the first transperitoneal laparoscopic RN was performed by Copcoat et al. in 1991 ( 8 ). Nowadays, the laparoscopic method is preferred to the open method for RN. Among the laparoscopic methods, the transperitoneal approach is more popular because the retroperitoneal approach has a limited working area compared to the transperitoneal approach. The LAP-VEGaS (LAParoscopicsurgery Video EducationalGuidelineS) guideline was created in 2018 by a committee of 33 surgical specialists, including a urological surgeon. The LAP-VEGaS guideline includes 16 criteria (see Table 1). In defining these criteria, the committee members reached a common consensus of 82%. The aim of LAP-VEGaS is to produce videos suitable for high quality education and training ( 9 ). The aim of this study is to evaluate the video quality and educational value of laparoscopic RN videos on YouTube™ according to the LAP-VEGaS guidelines. Materials and Methods On 15 August 2023, a search was performed on YouTube™ by typing "laparoscopic radical nephrectomy" into the search box. As a result of the search, the URL addresses of the first 125 videos were recorded. The inclusion criterion was set as laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos. Exclusion criteria were defined as; Videos shorter than 1 minute; Videos sponsored by an industrial company; Use of a language other than English in the video description or content; Videos about complications of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. The LAP-VEGaS criteria consist of 16 criteria under five main headings: video introduction, case presentation, procedures, outcomes, educational content. Video introduction; title, including pathology and procedure, author information and disclosures. Case presentation; patient anonymity, imaging, baseline patient characteristics, preoperative workup and treatments. Procedures; theatre set-up and equipment required, patient, surgeon and trocar positions, anatomical demonstration, step-by-step approach. Outcomes; theatre and hospital time, morbidity, images of wounds and specimens, functional outcomes. Educational content; pictures, snapshots, diagrams and tables, audio/written commentary. For each of the 16 criteria, a score of 1 is given if the video content is present and 0 if it is not. Videos evaluated using the LAP-VEGaS criteria receive a score between 0 and 16. Video duration, number of views, number of likes and the type of account that uploaded the video to YouTube™ were assessed and recorded according to the LAP-VEGaS criteria by two surgeons who were adequately trained to perform laparoscopic RN and routinely perform laparoscopic RN. The type of upload account was analyzed in two separate groups: individual uploads and institutional uploads. Institutional accounts were defined as official institute or hospital accounts, congresses and accounts belonging to urological associations. Statistical Analysis SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp., New York, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Normality tests were assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, frequency, ratio, percentage) were used to evaluate the study data. Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used for paired groups. Statistically significant p-value was defined as < 0.05. Results In our study, 100 videos were deemed suitable for the study after the exclusion criteria were applied. Personal uploads by the expert surgeons included in the study were designated as Group-1 (n = 64). The uploads made by institutes, hospitals and institutional organizations (association, congress secretariat, etc.) were designated as Group-2 and compared statistically (see Table-2). The median video duration was significantly higher in Group-2 (20 vs. 10). However, the video duration showed a very wide range between videos (from 1 minute to 101 minutes). The median number of views was higher in Group-2, but this finding was not statistically significant (1402 vs. 802). The number of likes was significantly higher in favor of Group-2 (15.5 vs. 6, p = 0.021). In 88 videos (88%) the transperitoneal approach was preferred. However, there was no significant difference in the distribution of surgical procedures between Group-1 and Group-2. Right laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed in 84 (84%) of the uploaded videos. The LAP-VEGaS score was found to be 6.3 ± 2.2 in Group-2, whereas this value was only 4 ± 2.1 in Group-1 and was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). The main results of the analyses were that the videos from institutional uploads were more successful in terms of educational content, the average video duration was longer, and they were watched and liked more. The scan data between 2009 and 2023 were grouped into 5 equal time periods and the number of videos uploaded over the years and the change in LAP-VEGaS scores obtained over the years were plotted graphically (see Figure-1). While the number of uploaded videos increased over time, the LAP-VEGaS score showed a fluctuating trend. The highest LAP-VEGaS score was obtained in the time interval 2018–2020, and this value was found to be 5.7 ± 2.4. The lowest mean LAP-VEGaS score was found in the period 2021–2023 (3.6 ± 2.1). The number of videos published tended to increase steadily over the defined time periods. It was observed that a total of 38 videos were published between 2021–2023. It was also found that approximately 2/3 of the videos published as a result of a total of 15 years of screening were published in the last 6 years. Discussion With the growing popularity of the Internet, online resources for health information and education are becoming increasingly important. In particular, video-sharing platforms such as YouTube™ are widely used as medical educational material. However, there are serious concerns about the quality and educational value of these videos. In our study, we evaluated laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos available on YouTube using the LAP-VEGaS criteria. Davies et al. examined the information-seeking behavior of physicians and showed that the Internet is playing an increasing role in the acquisition of medical information ( 1 ). Similarly, Rössler et al. evaluated the quality of medical information presented on platforms such as YouTube™ and found that it varied across different topics ( 2 ). These findings highlight the importance of quality control mechanisms to increase the confidence of health professionals and students in online resources. Madathil et al. emphasised that health information on YouTube™ should be systematically reviewed and its quality assessed ( 4 ). Similarly, Gupta et al. found an inverse correlation between the popularity of YouTube™ videos that may contribute to the education of general surgery residents and the quality of the video ( 10 ). In their study of the educational quality of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy videos on YouTube™, Moctezuma-Velázquez et al. found no correlation between the LAP-VEGaS score and the number of views and likes. The LAP-VEGaS score was significantly higher for videos uploaded by medical associations, journals, compared to videos uploaded by doctors/physicians or academic associations ( 11 ). On the other hand, the reason why the LAP-VEGaS score of the videos uploaded to YouTube™ by institutes, hospitals and institutional organisations (association, congress secretariat, etc.) in our study was higher than the other group is thought to be possibly passing through a control mechanism prior to upload. These findings highlight the need to evaluate medical education materials on online platforms. Piskin et al. evaluated the quality and educational value of laparoscopic surgery training videos on YouTube™. Their findings highlight the importance of online resources in laparoscopic surgery education ( 12 ). Dincer et al. compared the quality of laparoscopic surgery videos on the WebSurg® and YouTube™ platforms and showed that online platforms can meet different educational needs ( 13 ). In the light of our study, it seems more appropriate to follow YouTube™ content produced by institutes, hospitals and institutional organizations (associations, congress secretariats, etc.) than other sharing platforms, as the place of the Internet in obtaining education and information has increased significantly. Aktöz et al., found the educational value and quality of videos on Websurg® to be of better quality than YouTube™ when evaluating the educational reliability and quality of laparoscopic hysterectomy videos both platforms ( 14 ). Websurg® was created by minimally invasive surgeons to improve the knowledge and training of surgical teams ( 15 ). In our study, similar to Websurg®, videos produced by institutes, hospitals and institutional organisations (association, congress secretariat, etc.) were found to be more suitable for training. On the other hand, analyzing the distribution of published videos over time shows that LAP-VEGaS scores fluctuate over time, with the highest scores being achieved in certain periods. This highlights the need for continuous monitoring and updating of the quality of online medical content. In our study, the evaluation of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos using the LAP-VEGaS guidelines is an important step in determining the educational value and quality of online resources. The LAP-VEGaS guidelines are a comprehensive tool to objectively assess the quality of educational materials. Our results show that videos of institutional underwriting are more successful in terms of education and that LAP-VEGaS scores are higher for these videos. However, there is a need for continuous review and updating of training materials offered on online platforms. Online platforms such as YouTube™ can be an important resource for medical education, but care should be taken to ensure the quality and accuracy of the content. The use of guidelines such as LAP-VEGaS can be a useful tool in assessing the quality of content and developing educational materials. In addition, more emphasis should be placed on content produced by professional medical organizations and various methods should be developed to encourage users to access reliable sources. Conclusion The assessment of laparoscopic RN videos on YouTube™ using the LAP-VEGaS guidelines has helped us to understand the role of online platforms in medical education. It was concluded that videos uploaded by institutions were more successful in terms of education and that online resources should be continuously reviewed. This study highlights the usefulness of the LAP-VEGaS guidelines for evaluating medical education materials on online platforms. Future research should further investigate how online platforms can be improved to increase their educational value. Declarations Author Contribution R.K. and E.T. wrote the main manuscriptK.K. and M.Ç statistical analysisE.Ö and S.D. prepared figuresR.T. our mentor References Davies K, Harrison J. The information-seeking behaviour of doctors: a review of the evidence. Health Info Libr J. 2007;24(2):78-94. Rossler B, Lahner D, Schebesta K, Chiari A, Plochl W. Medical information on the Internet: Quality assessment of lumbar puncture and neuroaxial block techniques on YouTube. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012;114(6):655-8. Howarth J. Most visited websites in the world (February 2024): Exploding Topics; 2024 [updated 04.02.202421.02.2024]. Available from: https://explodingtopics.com/blog/most-visited-websites. Madathil KC, Rivera-Rodriguez AJ, Greenstein JS, Gramopadhye AK. Healthcare information on YouTube: A systematic review. Health Informatics J. 2015;21(3):173-94. Celentano V, Smart N, Cahill RA, McGrath JS, Gupta S, Griffith JP, et al. Use of laparoscopic videos amongst surgical trainees in the United Kingdom. Surgeon. 2019;17(6):334-9. Rapp AK, Healy MG, Charlton ME, Keith JN, Rosenbaum ME, Kapadia MR. YouTube is the Most Frequently Used Educational Video Source for Surgical Preparation. J Surg Educ. 2016;73(6):1072-6. Robson CJ. Radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol. 1963;89:37-42. Allan JD, Tolley DA, Kaouk JH, Novick AC, Gill IS. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. Eur Urol. 2001;40(1):17-23. Celentano V, Smart N, McGrath J, Cahill RA, Spinelli A, Obermair A, et al. LAP-VEGaS Practice Guidelines for Reporting of Educational Videos in Laparoscopic Surgery: A Joint Trainers and Trainees Consensus Statement. Ann Surg. 2018;268(6):920-6. Gupta T, Haidery TH, Sharma R, Sharma S, Kumar A. How Reliable Are YouTube Videos for General Surgery Residents Learning? Cureus. 2023;15(2):e34718. Moctezuma-Velazquez P, Santes O, Sainz-Hernandez JC, Alvarez-Bautista FE, Bravo HE, Salgado-Nesme N, et al. The Educational Quality of Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy Videos on YouTube. Surg Innov. 2022;29(1):66-72. Piskin E, Colakoglu MK, Bal A, Oter V, Bostanci EB. Evaluation of the Quality, Educational Value and Utility of the Videos on YouTube for Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection. Am Surg. 2022;88(9):2380-7. Dincer HA, Cennet O, Dogrul AB. Comparison of Educational and Academic Quality of Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy Videos on WebSurg((R)) and YouTube((R)) Platforms. Surg Innov. 2023;30(6):728-38. Aktoz F, Tercan C, Dagdeviren E, Kaya C. Comparison of laparoscopic hysterectomy videos on YouTube and WebSurg platforms in terms of educational reliability and quality. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2022;51(8):102435. Wikipedia. WebSurg 2021 [updated 14.12.2021; cited 2024 21.02.2024]. Available from: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSurg. Tables Table 1 is not available with this version Table -1: Summary of LAP-VEGAS criteria Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3976779","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":274331769,"identity":"affbce1f-954e-4edb-a13b-803955d839cc","order_by":0,"name":"Rıdvan Kayar","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA/0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCCA0CcwAYkeMBcGyBmbDxAipY0kJYGwloYEFoOIwRxAb7bB9g+PCg7LG/Oc/iZxM895+3Wth8G2lJjE41Li+S5BOYZCecOG+7sbTOT7Hl2O3nbmUSglmNpuQ04tBicYWBmSGxLY9xwnsFMgufA7WSzA0AtjA2HCWqx33Ce/ZvknwPnks3OPyRKi03ihrM9ZtI8Bw7Ymd0gYIvkGcZmhoRzNskbzpwptpY5kJxgdgNoSwIev/CdYT7M+KNMwnbDmfSNN98csLM3O5/+8MGHGhucWkARB2OxSACJRDA3AadyVMD8AUjYE6l4FIyCUTAKRhAAAPqBZucWeqcdAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Van SUAM","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rıdvan","middleName":"","lastName":"Kayar","suffix":""},{"id":274331770,"identity":"af1c62a0-7b9a-41f2-a899-1bcfd4a4677a","order_by":1,"name":"Kemal Kayar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Haydarpasa Numune SUAM,","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kemal","middleName":"","lastName":"Kayar","suffix":""},{"id":274331771,"identity":"5326ff54-851f-46e8-803c-bf3aec0c5bee","order_by":2,"name":"Emrah Özsoy","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Unye Cakırtepe Hospital, Ordu","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Emrah","middleName":"","lastName":"Özsoy","suffix":""},{"id":274331772,"identity":"edf0d48b-45ea-4815-9fe5-7d4a4721f270","order_by":3,"name":"Emre Tokuç","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Haydarpasa Numune SUAM,","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Emre","middleName":"","lastName":"Tokuç","suffix":""},{"id":274331773,"identity":"445c14f7-9338-4082-b1c8-eda917c53439","order_by":4,"name":"Muhammet Çiçek","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Van SUAM","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammet","middleName":"","lastName":"Çiçek","suffix":""},{"id":274331781,"identity":"b013db81-cbff-4752-8cbc-bf5a32e28539","order_by":5,"name":"Selamettin Demir","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Van SUAM","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Selamettin","middleName":"","lastName":"Demir","suffix":""},{"id":274331782,"identity":"47f7ffab-ea7b-42f8-934a-cd3a56c78103","order_by":6,"name":"Ramazan Topaktaş","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Haydarpasa Numune SUAM,","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ramazan","middleName":"","lastName":"Topaktaş","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-02-21 20:45:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3976779/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3976779/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":51565045,"identity":"0b9f78d5-2fa3-443a-ad86-092af758db07","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-23 18:59:38","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":121908,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eChange in LapVEGAS scores over the years\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3976779/v1/a4eb10cb2f3e091424598a77.png"},{"id":52909151,"identity":"d749be5a-6fcc-416e-b8cf-9b58f3707d3d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-03-18 15:23:26","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":277406,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3976779/v1/4c648928-c8dc-4b9b-bc3e-e7d66a8a009c.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Educational Level of Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy Videos on Youtube™","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe Internet is now considered to be the largest and most up-to-date source of medical information and evaluation. In recent years, health professionals have increasingly used it to obtain medical information (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). YouTube\u0026trade;, currently the second most visited website worldwide after Google, serves as a video sharing platform (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). In the field of medical education, YouTube\u0026trade; has gained prominence among operating theatre nurses, medical students, junior doctors and consultants. However, despite its widespread use by surgical teams, there is no control mechanism regarding the appropriateness, accuracy and educational value of medical videos uploaded to YouTube\u0026trade; (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadical nephrectomy (RN) is the gold standard treatment for non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). RN was first described by Robson in 1963 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). Towards the end of the 20th century, laparoscopic transperitoneal and retroperitoneal radical nephrectomies were performed and the first transperitoneal laparoscopic RN was performed by Copcoat et al. in 1991 (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). Nowadays, the laparoscopic method is preferred to the open method for RN. Among the laparoscopic methods, the transperitoneal approach is more popular because the retroperitoneal approach has a limited working area compared to the transperitoneal approach.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The LAP-VEGaS (LAParoscopicsurgery Video EducationalGuidelineS) guideline was created in 2018 by a committee of 33 surgical specialists, including a urological surgeon. The LAP-VEGaS guideline includes 16 criteria (see Table\u0026nbsp;1). In defining these criteria, the committee members reached a common consensus of 82%. The aim of LAP-VEGaS is to produce videos suitable for high quality education and training (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e The aim of this study is to evaluate the video quality and educational value of laparoscopic RN videos on YouTube\u0026trade; according to the LAP-VEGaS guidelines.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eOn 15 August 2023, a search was performed on YouTube\u0026trade; by typing \"laparoscopic radical nephrectomy\" into the search box. As a result of the search, the URL addresses of the first 125 videos were recorded. The inclusion criterion was set as laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos. Exclusion criteria were defined as; Videos shorter than 1 minute; Videos sponsored by an industrial company; Use of a language other than English in the video description or content; Videos about complications of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe LAP-VEGaS criteria consist of 16 criteria under five main headings: video introduction, case presentation, procedures, outcomes, educational content. Video introduction; title, including pathology and procedure, author information and disclosures. Case presentation; patient anonymity, imaging, baseline patient characteristics, preoperative workup and treatments. Procedures; theatre set-up and equipment required, patient, surgeon and trocar positions, anatomical demonstration, step-by-step approach. Outcomes; theatre and hospital time, morbidity, images of wounds and specimens, functional outcomes. Educational content; pictures, snapshots, diagrams and tables, audio/written commentary. For each of the 16 criteria, a score of 1 is given if the video content is present and 0 if it is not. Videos evaluated using the LAP-VEGaS criteria receive a score between 0 and 16.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVideo duration, number of views, number of likes and the type of account that uploaded the video to YouTube\u0026trade; were assessed and recorded according to the LAP-VEGaS criteria by two surgeons who were adequately trained to perform laparoscopic RN and routinely perform laparoscopic RN. The type of upload account was analyzed in two separate groups: individual uploads and institutional uploads. Institutional accounts were defined as official institute or hospital accounts, congresses and accounts belonging to urological associations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp., New York, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Normality tests were assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Descriptive statistical methods (mean, standard deviation, frequency, ratio, percentage) were used to evaluate the study data. Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used for paired groups. Statistically significant p-value was defined as \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn our study, 100 videos were deemed suitable for the study after the exclusion criteria were applied. Personal uploads by the expert surgeons included in the study were designated as Group-1 (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;64). The uploads made by institutes, hospitals and institutional organizations (association, congress secretariat, etc.) were designated as Group-2 and compared statistically (see Table-2). The median video duration was significantly higher in Group-2 (20 vs. 10). However, the video duration showed a very wide range between videos (from 1 minute to 101 minutes). The median number of views was higher in Group-2, but this finding was not statistically significant (1402 vs. 802). The number of likes was significantly higher in favor of Group-2 (15.5 vs. 6, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.021).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn 88 videos (88%) the transperitoneal approach was preferred. However, there was no significant difference in the distribution of surgical procedures between Group-1 and Group-2. Right laparoscopic nephrectomy was performed in 84 (84%) of the uploaded videos.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe LAP-VEGaS score was found to be 6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2 in Group-2, whereas this value was only 4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1 in Group-1 and was found to be statistically significant (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). The main results of the analyses were that the videos from institutional uploads were more successful in terms of educational content, the average video duration was longer, and they were watched and liked more.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe scan data between 2009 and 2023 were grouped into 5 equal time periods and the number of videos uploaded over the years and the change in LAP-VEGaS scores obtained over the years were plotted graphically (see Figure-1). While the number of uploaded videos increased over time, the LAP-VEGaS score showed a fluctuating trend. The highest LAP-VEGaS score was obtained in the time interval 2018\u0026ndash;2020, and this value was found to be 5.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.4. The lowest mean LAP-VEGaS score was found in the period 2021\u0026ndash;2023 (3.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1). The number of videos published tended to increase steadily over the defined time periods. It was observed that a total of 38 videos were published between 2021\u0026ndash;2023. It was also found that approximately 2/3 of the videos published as a result of a total of 15 years of screening were published in the last 6 years.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eWith the growing popularity of the Internet, online resources for health information and education are becoming increasingly important. In particular, video-sharing platforms such as YouTube\u0026trade; are widely used as medical educational material. However, there are serious concerns about the quality and educational value of these videos. In our study, we evaluated laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos available on YouTube using the LAP-VEGaS criteria.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDavies et al. examined the information-seeking behavior of physicians and showed that the Internet is playing an increasing role in the acquisition of medical information (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, R\u0026ouml;ssler et al. evaluated the quality of medical information presented on platforms such as YouTube\u0026trade; and found that it varied across different topics (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). These findings highlight the importance of quality control mechanisms to increase the confidence of health professionals and students in online resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMadathil et al. emphasised that health information on YouTube\u0026trade; should be systematically reviewed and its quality assessed (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, Gupta et al. found an inverse correlation between the popularity of YouTube\u0026trade; videos that may contribute to the education of general surgery residents and the quality of the video (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e). In their study of the educational quality of laparoscopic right hemicolectomy videos on YouTube\u0026trade;, Moctezuma-Vel\u0026aacute;zquez et al. found no correlation between the LAP-VEGaS score and the number of views and likes. The LAP-VEGaS score was significantly higher for videos uploaded by medical associations, journals, compared to videos uploaded by doctors/physicians or academic associations (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, the reason why the LAP-VEGaS score of the videos uploaded to YouTube\u0026trade; by institutes, hospitals and institutional organisations (association, congress secretariat, etc.) in our study was higher than the other group is thought to be possibly passing through a control mechanism prior to upload. These findings highlight the need to evaluate medical education materials on online platforms.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePiskin et al. evaluated the quality and educational value of laparoscopic surgery training videos on YouTube\u0026trade;. Their findings highlight the importance of online resources in laparoscopic surgery education (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e). Dincer et al. compared the quality of laparoscopic surgery videos on the WebSurg\u0026reg; and YouTube\u0026trade; platforms and showed that online platforms can meet different educational needs (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). In the light of our study, it seems more appropriate to follow YouTube\u0026trade; content produced by institutes, hospitals and institutional organizations (associations, congress secretariats, etc.) than other sharing platforms, as the place of the Internet in obtaining education and information has increased significantly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAkt\u0026ouml;z et al., found the educational value and quality of videos on Websurg\u0026reg; to be of better quality than YouTube\u0026trade; when evaluating the educational reliability and quality of laparoscopic hysterectomy videos both platforms (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). Websurg\u0026reg; was created by minimally invasive surgeons to improve the knowledge and training of surgical teams (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e). In our study, similar to Websurg\u0026reg;, videos produced by institutes, hospitals and institutional organisations (association, congress secretariat, etc.) were found to be more suitable for training.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, analyzing the distribution of published videos over time shows that LAP-VEGaS scores fluctuate over time, with the highest scores being achieved in certain periods. This highlights the need for continuous monitoring and updating of the quality of online medical content.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In our study, the evaluation of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos using the LAP-VEGaS guidelines is an important step in determining the educational value and quality of online resources. The LAP-VEGaS guidelines are a comprehensive tool to objectively assess the quality of educational materials. Our results show that videos of institutional underwriting are more successful in terms of education and that LAP-VEGaS scores are higher for these videos. However, there is a need for continuous review and updating of training materials offered on online platforms.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnline platforms such as YouTube\u0026trade; can be an important resource for medical education, but care should be taken to ensure the quality and accuracy of the content. The use of guidelines such as LAP-VEGaS can be a useful tool in assessing the quality of content and developing educational materials. In addition, more emphasis should be placed on content produced by professional medical organizations and various methods should be developed to encourage users to access reliable sources.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003e The assessment of laparoscopic RN videos on YouTube\u0026trade; using the LAP-VEGaS guidelines has helped us to understand the role of online platforms in medical education. It was concluded that videos uploaded by institutions were more successful in terms of education and that online resources should be continuously reviewed. This study highlights the usefulness of the LAP-VEGaS guidelines for evaluating medical education materials on online platforms. Future research should further investigate how online platforms can be improved to increase their educational value.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eR.K. and E.T. wrote the main manuscriptK.K. and M.\u0026Ccedil; statistical analysisE.\u0026Ouml; and S.D. prepared figuresR.T. our mentor\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDavies K, Harrison J. The information-seeking behaviour of doctors: a review of the evidence. Health Info Libr J. 2007;24(2):78-94.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRossler B, Lahner D, Schebesta K, Chiari A, Plochl W. Medical information on the Internet: Quality assessment of lumbar puncture and neuroaxial block techniques on YouTube. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012;114(6):655-8.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHowarth J. Most visited websites in the world (February 2024): Exploding Topics; 2024 [updated 04.02.202421.02.2024]. Available from: https://explodingtopics.com/blog/most-visited-websites.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMadathil KC, Rivera-Rodriguez AJ, Greenstein JS, Gramopadhye AK. Healthcare information on YouTube: A systematic review. Health Informatics J. 2015;21(3):173-94.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCelentano V, Smart N, Cahill RA, McGrath JS, Gupta S, Griffith JP, et al. Use of laparoscopic videos amongst surgical trainees in the United Kingdom. Surgeon. 2019;17(6):334-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRapp AK, Healy MG, Charlton ME, Keith JN, Rosenbaum ME, Kapadia MR. YouTube is the Most Frequently Used Educational Video Source for Surgical Preparation. J Surg Educ. 2016;73(6):1072-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRobson CJ. Radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. J Urol. 1963;89:37-42.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllan JD, Tolley DA, Kaouk JH, Novick AC, Gill IS. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. Eur Urol. 2001;40(1):17-23.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCelentano V, Smart N, McGrath J, Cahill RA, Spinelli A, Obermair A, et al. LAP-VEGaS Practice Guidelines for Reporting of Educational Videos in Laparoscopic Surgery: A Joint Trainers and Trainees Consensus Statement. Ann Surg. 2018;268(6):920-6.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGupta T, Haidery TH, Sharma R, Sharma S, Kumar A. How Reliable Are YouTube Videos for General Surgery Residents Learning? Cureus. 2023;15(2):e34718.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMoctezuma-Velazquez P, Santes O, Sainz-Hernandez JC, Alvarez-Bautista FE, Bravo HE, Salgado-Nesme N, et al. The Educational Quality of Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy Videos on YouTube. Surg Innov. 2022;29(1):66-72.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePiskin E, Colakoglu MK, Bal A, Oter V, Bostanci EB. Evaluation of the Quality, Educational Value and Utility of the Videos on YouTube for Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection. Am Surg. 2022;88(9):2380-7.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDincer HA, Cennet O, Dogrul AB. Comparison of Educational and Academic Quality of Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatectomy Videos on WebSurg((R)) and YouTube((R)) Platforms. Surg Innov. 2023;30(6):728-38.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAktoz F, Tercan C, Dagdeviren E, Kaya C. Comparison of laparoscopic hysterectomy videos on YouTube and WebSurg platforms in terms of educational reliability and quality. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2022;51(8):102435.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWikipedia. WebSurg 2021 [updated 14.12.2021; cited 2024 21.02.2024]. Available from: https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebSurg.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 1 is not available with this version\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable -1:\u003c/strong\u003e Summary of LAP-VEGAS criteria\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https://myfiles.space/user_files/122228_c8a1650c59388082/122228_custom_files/img1708701013.png\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"laparoscopy, radical nephrectomy, online, YouTube™","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3976779/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3976779/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003ePurpose\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aims to evaluate the educational quality and appropriateness of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos on YouTube using the LAP-VEGaS criteria. It focuses on understanding the role of online resources in medical education and objectively assessing their quality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA search was conducted on YouTube\u0026trade; for \"laparoscopic radical nephrectomy\" on August 15, 2023, leading to the selection of the first 125 videos. Videos were chosen based on length (over 1 minute), content (laparoscopic radical nephrectomy), language (English), and non-industry sponsorship. The LAP-VEGaS criteria, encompassing 16 items under five main categories: video introduction, case presentation, procedures, outcomes, and educational content, were used for evaluation, assigning 0 or 1 point per criterion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOut of 100 videos meeting the criteria, they were divided into two groups: personal uploads by expert surgeons (Group-1) and institutional uploads by hospitals and organizations (Group-2). Group-2 videos had longer durations and higher LAP-VEGaS scores. The transperitoneal approach was preferred in 88% of the videos, and 84% were right laparoscopic nephrectomies. Group-2 had significantly higher LAP-VEGaS scores (6.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.2) compared to Group-1 (4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.1) (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001). The number of videos published over the years increased, while LAP-VEGaS scores fluctuated.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssessing laparoscopic radical nephrectomy videos on YouTube\u0026trade; using the LAP-VEGaS criteria helped understand the role of online sources in medical education. Institutional uploads were found to be more successful in educational aspects, emphasizing the need for continuous quality review of online medical education materials. This study also guides how to evaluate and improve medical education materials on online platforms.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Educational Level of Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy Videos on Youtube™","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-02-23 18:59:34","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3976779/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6e352ede-5f67-414d-9722-5c77d6e622d6","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 23rd, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-03-18T15:15:15+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-02-23 18:59:34","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3976779","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3976779","identity":"rs-3976779","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}