Physics for Surgeons-Part 5: Optics for Surgeons

Optical techniques create a great impact in the biomedical field. Recent advances in the optical techniques (advances in photonics, biomaterials, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology) which are currently used in clinical practice to diagnose and treat the disease. In the present review, we highlight the fundamentals of light and its interaction with matter, applications of optics in the recent techniques so that surgeons can better understand the pattern of disease and find the best way to treat the disease.