Study on Traditional Botanical Knowledge of the Tuva Mongolians in Xinjiang, China

Study on Traditional Botanical Knowledge of the Tuva Mongolians in Xinjiang, China | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Study on Traditional Botanical Knowledge of the Tuva Mongolians in Xinjiang, China Ulan Ushang, Bayandala no family name, Jiangtao Jiu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4565342/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Tuva is one of the ancient and mysterious Mongolian tribes; since ancient times, it has accumulated a wealth of traditional botanical knowledge and experience in a unique natural environment through its particular productive lifestyle of nomadic herding and hunting. This study investigated the utilization of traditional medicinal plant knowledge, traditional food plant knowledge, traditional building craft plant knowledge, traditional dye plant knowledge and folkloric forage plant awareness among the Tuva Mongols in China; the results of the study are of great significance for the conservation of traditional botanical knowledge of the Tuva Mongols and the diversity of plant culture, which is being rapidly lost. Methods This study used ethnobotanical research methods to carry out a study on traditional botanical knowledge of Tuva folk, documenting and organizing the traditional knowledge and experience of Tuva Mongolian folk in the use of wild plant resources. Folk names of plants and plant uses were recorded through interviews, while evidence plant specimens were collected and the plants were identified. Results A total of 95 species of traditional plants belonging to 25 families and 50 genera have been collected from the Tuva folklore; including 55 species of medicinal plants, 24 species of edible plants, 34 species of animal fodder, 29 species of building crafts and 3 species of dyes. The knowledge of medicinal plants includes the selection of medicinal parts of plants, the understanding of their functions and main treatment, and the practice of medicinal methods; Knowledge of wild edible plants can be categorized into five types: folk wild vegetable, wild ripe fruit, tea, seasoning, and other edible plants; asteraceae made up most of the forage plants at 32.3%, followed by Labiatae at 15%; traditional botanical knowledge for building crafts is mainly reflected in the construction of means of transportation, houses and barns, and the manufacture of utensils, musical instruments and handicrafts; knowledge of plants used for dyeing is reflected in the selection of plant parts for dyeing, the choice of collection seasons, and dyeing techniques. Conclusion Tuva Mongols have a rich traditional botanical knowledge with certain regional characteristics, and this study also reveals the multifunctional use of these plants, not only as medicine, but also for food and other cultural applications. Reflecting the deep ecological wisdom of the Tuva Mongols and their harmonious coexistence with nature, this traditional botanical knowledge should be further explored and developed. Chinese Hormu Village Tuva Mongols Traditional Botanical Knowledge Ethnobotany Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Background Cotton [ 1 ] considers traditional botanical knowledge as the knowledge about plants possessed by any non-industrialized social group, covering all aspects of human practices of using plants and managing vegetation, as well as ecological perceptions; Traditional botanical knowledge is the most fundamental element in ethnobotany. Different communities or each ethnic group has its own unique way of recognizing and conserving plant resources, which is the social basis for the emergence and development of ethnobotany. Ethnobotany is the study of human-plant interactions, including how humans perceive plants, utilize them (economically, medicinally, for daily subsistence, culturally, etc.), and manage them [ 2 ]. Ethnobotany was first proposed by Harshberger in 1896 [ 3 ], and has received some attention and development in countries around the world over the past 130 years, especially in the study of medicines, diets, dyes, lacquerware, cultural implements and other plant-made items and plant raw materials [ 4 – 6 ], and even utilized ethnobotanical research methods to promote the economic development of local communities, raise people's awareness of plant resources and awareness of conservation, as well as making great contributions to biodiversity conservation[ 7 ]. In recent years, ethnobotany in developing countries has developed rapidly, for example, after ethnobotany was first introduced into China in 1982, Chinese ethnobotany has formed its own research theoretical system, research content and methodology[ 8 – 9 ]. Ford, a famous American ethnobotanist, pointed out at the first ethnobotany training course in China in 1987: "Ethnobotany was developed in the U.S., but the roots of ethnobotany are in China, where records and accounts of folk herbs and wild vegetables appeared as early as more than 3,000 years ago". China's ethnobotanical research started in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province, and has now been extended to institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutes and nature conservation organizations throughout the country[ 10 ], and the study of the ethnic groups are the Naxi, Hani, Mongolian, Tibetan, Yi, Maonan and so on[ 11 – 14 ], among which the Mongol-Ethnobotany is more in-depth research. They have done ethnobotanical research on the naming, classification, dietary use, tea use, medicinal use, feeding, production technology, folklore, beliefs and other aspects of Mongolian folk plants, and have achieved many characteristic research results[ 15 – 18 ]. However, Mongol-Ethnobotany research only focuses on Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (MAR). Mongols are widely distributed in eight provinces and regions in China, including Inner MAR, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (UAR), Qinghai, Gansu, etc. It is not enough to carry out Mongol-Ethnobotany only in Inner MAR. Therefore, in this study, we chose the Tuva Mongolians in the Altai Mountains in the northern Xinjing UAR as the research object and carried out the study of Tuva Mongol Ethnobotany. Materials and methods Study area and ethnic group The Mongols are composed of many tribes scattered throughout China, Russia and Mongolia, and the Mongols in different regions still retain ethnic customs unique to their region. Among them, the Tuva tribe is one of the ancient tribes of the Mongols, which are mainly located in the Republic of Tuva of the Russian Federation, northern Mongolia and Xinjiang of China. The Tuva Mongols in Xinjiang are concentrated in the villages of Hormu and Hanas in Burqin County and Baihaba in Habahe County, with a total population of about 2,200 at present. Although the population is small, the traditional culture of the Tuva folk is preserved more intact, and the Tuva folk have been living in the Altai Mountains of Xinjiang since ancient times through a unique way of life and production such as nomadic pastoralism and hunting, and they have accumulated a wealth of traditional botanical knowledge and experience. However, with the economic and social development, the improvement of the material life of Tuva folk and the banning of hunting by the local government and other objective factors have led to the rapid disappearance of the traditional botanical knowledge of Tuva folk, and it has become particularly important to record and protect the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Tuva Mongolian ethnic group. Therefore, the present study applies ethnobotanical research methodology to conduct a survey, recording, organizing, cataloguing, and analyzing of the traditional botanical knowledge of the Tuva folk of China in Xinjiang, and to explore the interaction between the Tuva populace in the region and their resource plants, which is of certain practical significance for the study of the plant culture of the Tuva Mongol ethnic group, as well as for the conservation and development of the local botanical resources. Hormu Village is a village under the Hormu Hanas Mongolian Nationalities Township in Burqin County, Xinjiang, China, and is a centralized living settlement of the Chinese Tuva people, located on the banks of the Irtysh River on the northwestern border of China, bordering Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia. This area has a temperate zone continental climate. The village of Hormu is rich in botanical resources, where vast areas of highly biodiverse cold-temperate taiga forests are distributed, dominated by pine and cypress coniferous types, accompanied by some broad-leaved deciduous forests, and the area is also representative of the southward extension of Siberian plant and animal species into China. Methods Investigating and analyzing the traditional knowledge and experience of the folk use of wild plant resources of the Tuva Mongolians in Xinjiang, including the folk names of plants, traditional folk medicinal plants, edible wild plants, plants used for livestock fodder, plants used for building crafts, and traditional dye plants. Literature research: On the basis of determining the research location, ethnicity (tribe) and the content of the research, collect and organize literature related to the research area. It mainly involves literature and writings such as local history, ethnography, ethnobotany, etc., studying local ethnic culture, history and plant resource utilization, etc., utilizing relevant professional books such as Xinjiang Botanical Records, searching, arranging, and cataloguing locally collected plant information, obtaining the basic situation of utilizing the resource plant information in the folk of Tuva in the village of Hormu, and summarizing its main composition, application, etc. Analyze. Ethnobotany Approach: Ethnobotany Approach is one of the methods to develop plant resources, the investigation of plant species and use in the traditional utilization of the study area, the order of work is: literature research, folk visit survey, field survey and collection of evidence plant specimens [ 19 ]. The main sequence of work of the authors in studying the traditional botanical knowledge of the Tuva Mongolians in the village of Hormu, Xinjiang, is as follows: identification of investigation points → random interview records → participation in observation → collection of evidence specimens → identification of plant specimens → collation of data and other ethnobotanical research methods. Results and discussion Ethnobotanical records Ninety-five species of resource plants (Table 1 ) belonging to 25 families and 50 genera were collected from Tuva folklore. The traditional botanical knowledge of Tuva folklore is rich in five types, including medicinal, edible, livestock fodder, building crafts, and dyes. Of the 95 species of plants collected locally, Asteraceae was the most abundant with 14.7%, followed by Rosaceae with 12.6%; the life types were trees, shrubs, subshrubs, annuals, perennials, and herbaceous vines; and the Tuvan folk in particular made high use of the local woody plants, which have some regional characteristics. Table 1 Ethnobotanical cataloging of the Tuva Mongolian ethnobotanical group in the village of Hormu Scientific name Family Local Tuva names Sue Specimen no Abies sibirica Pinaceae zhuyihan M、A MC-001 Achillea asistica Asteraceae sgen L HY-015 Achille impatiens Asteraceae sgen L HY-010 Achillea ledebouri Asteraceae sgen L MC-033 Achillea setacea Asteraceae sgen L MC-034 Achnatherum splendens Graminae trsen A MC-002 Aconitum monticola Ranunculaceae huoranmanjin M MC-035 Aconitum smirnovii Ranunculaceae huoranmanjin M HY-016 Allium altaicum Amaryllidaceae daosuohna E MC-003 Allium schoenoprasum Liliaceae jiesuohana E HY-014 Arctium lappa Asteraceae oshhan M DU-001 Arctiu tomentosum Asteraceae oshhan M HY-011 Artemisia altaica Asteraceae yerneb M、L HY-012 Artemisia frigida Asteraceae yerneb L HY-007 Artemisia sericea Asteraceae yerneb L HY-008 Artemisia sieversiana Asteraceae yerneb M、L HY-009 Artemisia vulggaris Asteraceae yerneb L HY-017 Berberis sibirica Berberidaceae buiranghat D HM-001 Berberis heteropoda Berberidaceae buiranghat D MC-004 Betula pendula Betulaceae hadeng E、A MC-027 Bupleurum kryloviamum Apiaceae caihu M MC-031 Bupleurum multinerve Apiaceae caihu M MC-005 Bupleurum pusillum Apiaceae caihu M MC-032 Cannabis sativa Cannabaceae keyender D MC-040 Chamerion angustifolium Onagraceae boranot L HM-014 Chenopodium glaucum Chenopodiaceae alabota E DU-002 Chenopodium acuminatum Chenopodiaceae alabota E DU-010 Clematis songorica Ranunculaceae zhelbege L HM-017 Clematis integrifolia Ranunculaceae zhelbege M、L HM-016 Clematis sibirica Ranunculaceae zhelbege M、L HM-015 Cotoneaster melanocarpus Rosaceae ergay A MC-030 Cotoneaster multiflorus Rosaceae ergay A DO-003 Cotoneaster uniflorus Rosaceae ergay A MC-029 Crataegus sanguinea Rosaceae duolana M、E MC-028 Dictamnus angustifolius Rutaceae aktang M MC-006 Elymus sibiricus Graminae senot L HM-008 Ephedra monospema Ephedraceae mahuang M HY-005 Equisetum fluviatile Equisetaceae sgen L HM-018 Equisetum hyemale Equisetaceae sgen L HM-019 Foeniculum vulgare Apiaceae huajiao M、E HY-006 Fragaria vesca Rosaceae niekhat M、E、L MC-008 Fragaria viridis Rosaceae jiestihat M、E、L MC-007 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Leguminosae miya M DU-011 Hordeum violaceum Graminae sgen L HM-007 Juniperus pseudosabina Cupressaceae artesh M、A MC-037 Juniperus sabina Cupressaceae artesh M、A MC-036 Juniperus sibirica Cupressaceae shanak M MC-013 Larix sibirica Pinaceae teet M、E、A、L、D MC-025 Leymus chinensis Graminae senot L HM-006 Lilium martagon Liliaceae ay E MC-038 Lonicera caerulea Caprifoliaceae shuoeltay A MC-026 Lonicera tatarica Caprifoliaceae shuoeltay A MC-024 Medicago sativa Leguminosae zhuoenshha L DU-009 Mentha asiatica Labiatae zhalbes M、L MC-039 Origanum vulgare Labiatae madershguo M、E、L MC-012 Padus avium Rosaceae zhudera A MC-010 Paeonia anomala Paeoniaceae chonglek M HM-003 Paeonia sinjiangensis Paeoniaceae chonglek M HM-002 Phlomis tuberosa Labiatae sgen L HM-020 Phrdgnmites australis Graminae hulusen A DU-004 Picea obovata Pinaceae chbe M、E、L、A HM-013 Picea schrenkiana Pinaceae chbe M、E、L、A MC-017 Pinus sibirca Pinaceae poesh E、A HY-002 Plantago maximaa Plantaginaceae Hurahan gulak M MC-011 Pleurospermum uralense Apiaceae mandelash A HY-001 Pnlomis alpina Labiatae segen M、L HM-021 Pnlomis oreophila Labiatae segen M、L HM-011 Pnlomis pratensis Labiatae segen M HM-012 Populus alba Salicaceae aktirk M、A DU-005 Populus candicans Salicaceae tirk M、A MC-023 Populus nigra Salicaceae garatirk M、A HY-003 Populus tremulu Salicaceae sharalang A MC-016 Pyrola chouana Pyrolaceae seno M HM-004 Pyrola rotundifolia Pyrolaceae senot M、L HM-005 Ribes aciculare Grossulariaceae duozhala M、E MC-009 Ribes altisismum Grossulariaceae gezelhat M、E MC-019 Ribes meyeri Grossulariaceae garahat M、E HM-022 Ribes nigrum Grossulariaceae garahat M、E HM-023 Rubus idaeus Rosaceae tanghurai M、E MC-018 Rubus saxatilis Rosaceae arhahat M、E MC-020 Sailx alba Salicaceae aktael M、A HY-018 Sailx cinerea Salicaceae tael M、A DU-007 Sailx rosmarinifolia Salicaceae tael M、A DU-008 Salix matshudana Salicaceae tael A DU-006 Sambucas sibirica Caprifoliaceae yerys M HM-009 Scirpus validus Liliaceae jiucai E HY-021 Spiraea alpina Rosaceae suyesken M、A MC-014 Spiraea chamaedryfolia Rosaceae suyesken M、A HY-004 Spiraea media Rosaceae suyesken M、A MC-015 Taraxacum bessarabicum Asteraceae bahabak M、L MC-021 Taraxacum bicorne Asteraceae bahabak M、L HM-010 Taraxacum lilacinum Asteraceae bahabak M、L MC-022 Trollius altaicus Ranunculaceae matpuqieqiek M、L HY-020 Vicia costata Leguminosae suoslenk M、L HY-013 Vicia lilacina Leguminosae suoslenk M、L HY-019 The local Tuva names of medicinal plants in the table are shown in traditional Tuvan, M stands for medicinal plants, E stands for edible plants, A stands for plants used in building crafts, L stands for plants used for livestock feed, and D stands for dye plants. Medicinal plant Through the long-term struggle with nature and diseases, Tuva folk have accumulated rich traditional knowledge and practical experience in preventing and curing diseases. A total of 55 species of medicinal plants have been collected in Hormu Village (Table 2 ), belonging to 16 families and 29 genera, and the knowledge of Tuva folk about the use of plants for medicinal purposes includes the selection of the medicinal parts of the plants, the understanding of their functions and main treatments, and the practice of medicinal methods in three aspects (Table 2 ). Due to the low average annual temperature in this region, the winter temperature can be as low as -40℃ and for a long time, coupled with the fact that Tuva Mongolians are nomadic people, long-term exposure to the cold and the dietary habits of herders and other causes of arthritis, rheumatism and high blood pressure are common among the Tuva Mongolians, so there is a wealth of corresponding knowledge of the treatment of such diseases and. At present, there is almost no literature research related to the traditional medicine knowledge of Tuva Mongolians, and with the death of folk doctors, Tuva Mongolians medicine is about to face the possibility of being lost and disappearing, so it is urgent to protect the Tuva Mongolians medicinal resources and traditional medication knowledge. Selection of medicinal parts The medicinal parts of Tuva Mongolian folk medicinal plants can be categorized into 7 types such as whole plants, flowers, leaves, stems, fruits, roots and others (Fig. 1 ), and among the various types of medicinal parts, the roots have the most, followed by the fruits and whole grasses. Most of the roots are used by folk herders for lowering blood pressure, which is characteristic of the ethnic group, and folk knowledge such as the use of melted spruce turpentine to stop bleeding and treat wounds, and the use of deciduous pine mushrooms to gargle and alleviate toothache, which should be further explored. Recognition of the main treatments and functions of medicinal plants and how they are used The survey of medicinal plant uses was aimed at documenting the various diseases targeted for treatment by local folk medicinal plants (Table 2 ). The information obtained from the folklore shows that local folklore has a folkloric understanding of medicinal plant functions and main treatments, but often cannot clearly distinguish between plant medicinal functions and main treatments, and local folklore only provides information on main treatments for most of the plants, with less knowledge of the medicinal functions of the plants. Decoction in water, direct consumption, and mashing and compressing on the affected area are the most common ways used by the Tuva Mongolian people. After the investigation, it was found that the local people's knowledge of using fresh fir bark in baths to treat rheumatism has not been documented and reported in the medical field, so the scientific knowledge behind it can be explored in depth. Table 2 Ethnobotanical inventory of the medicinal wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu Scientific name Family Life forms Local Tuva names Used parts Methods Indication(a)and/or function(b) Specimen no Abies sibirica Pinaceae Evergreen tree zhuyihan Fresh tree bark Soak in water and take a bath Rheumatism (a); expectorant (b) MC-001 Aconitum monticola Ranunculaceae Annual herb huoranmanjin Fresh roots Inject a small amount into the affected area Tooth decay (a); pain relief (b) MC-035 Aconitum smirnovii Ranunculaceae Annual herb huoranmanjin Fresh roots Inject a small amount into the affected area Tooth decay (a); pain relief (b) HY-016 Arctium lappa Asteraceae Perennial herb oshhan Dried mature fruits Take decoction Fever (a), cough (b); fever reduction (b), cough relief (b)) DU-001 Arctium tomentosum Asteraceae Perennial herb oshhan Dried mature fruits Take decoction Fever (a), cough (b); fever reduction (b), cough relief (b)) HY-011 Artemisia altaica Asteraceae Annual herb yerneb Fresh aerial parts Take decoction Fever (a), cough (b) HY-012 Artemisia sieversiana Asteraceae Annual herb yerneb Fresh aerial parts Take decoction Fever (a); fever reduction (b) HY-009 Bupleurum kryloviamum Apiaceae Perennial herb caihu Fresh or dried roots Take decoction Fever (a), fever reduction (b), De-heating and detoxification (b)) MC-031 Bupleurum multinerve Apiaceae Perennial herb caihu Fresh or dried roots Take decoction Fever (a), fever reduction (b), De-heating and detoxification (b)) MC-005 Bupleurum pusillum Apiaceae Perennial herb caihu Fresh or dried roots Take decoction Fever (a), fever reduction (b), De-heating and detoxification (b)) MC-032 Clematis integrifolia Ranunculaceae Vine zhelbege Fresh or dried whole plant Take decoction Lung diseases (a), lung cleansing (b), post-natal recovery for pregnant women (b) HM-016 Clematis sibirica Ranunculaceae Vine zhelbege Fresh or dried whole plant Take decoction Lung diseases (a), lung cleansing (b), post-natal recovery for pregnant women (b) HM-015 Crataegus sanguinea Rosaceae Deciduous tree duolana Mature fruits Direct consumption Health (b) MC-028 Dictamnus angustifolius Rutaceae Perennial herb aktang Fresh or dried roots Take decoction Lung diseases (a), lung cleansing (b), MC-006 Ephedra monospema Ephedraceae Subshrubs mahuang Fresh tender stem and leaves Take decoction Clearing heat and removing toxins(b), relieving cough(b) HY-005 Foeniculum vulgare Apiaceae Annual herb huajiao Dried seeds Take decoction Hypertension (a), hypotension (b) HY-006 Fragaria vesca Rosaceae Perennial herb niekhat Mature fruits Direct consumption Health (b) MC-008 Fragaria viridis Rosaceae Perennial herb jiestihat Mature fruits Direct consumption Health (b) MC-007 Glycyrrhiza uralensis Leguminosae Perennial herb miya Dried roots Take decoction Cough (a);, cough relief (b) DU-011 Table 2 Ethnobotanical inventory of the medicinal wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu (continued) Scientific name Family Life forms Local Tuva names Used parts Methods Indication(a)and/or function(b) Specimen no Juniperus pseudosabina Cupressaceae Subshrubs artesh Dried leaves Take water decocted solution, Then wash up. Itchy skin (a), antipruritic and antiseptic (b) MC-037 Juniperus sabina Cupressaceae Evergreen tree artesh Dried leaves Take water decocted solution, Then wash up. Itchy skin (a), antipruritic and antiseptic (b) MC-036 Juniperus sibirica Cupressaceae Subshrubs shanak Fresh leaves Take water decocted solution, Then wash up. Itchy skin (a), antipruritic and antiseptic (b) MC-013 Larix sibiirica Pinaceae Deciduous tree teet Deciduous pine mushrooms Decoct with water, Gargled in the mouth with water decocted solution; Tooth decay (a); pain relief (b) MC-025 Mentha asiatica Labiatae Perennial herb zhalbes Fresh leaves Take decoction Fever (a), fever reduction (b), De-heating and detoxification (b)) MC-039 Origanum vulgare Labiatae Perennial herb madershguo Dried aerial parts Fermented and decocted in water Hypertension (a), hypotension (b) MC-012 Paeonia anomala Paeoniaceae Perennial herb chonglek Fresh or dried roots Cut into pieces and decoct with water Hypertension (a), hypotension (b) HM-003 Paeonia sinjiangensis Paeoniaceae Perennial herb chonglek Fresh or dried roots Cut into pieces and decoct with water Hypertension (a), hypotension (b) HM-002 Picea obovata Pinaceae Evergreen tree chbe Pine resin Melt turpentine on fire and apply it to the wound. Trauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b) HM-013 Picea schrenkiana Pinaceae Evergreen tree chbe Pine resin Melt turpentine on fire and apply it to the wound. Wind-cold(a), Headache{a}, Cold-relieving(b) MC-017 Plantago maximaa Plantaginaceae Perennial herb Hurahan gulak Fresh whole plant Take decoction Urinary tract infections (a), diuresis (b) MC-011 Pnlomis alpina Labiatae Perennial herb segen Dried whole plant Take decoction Wind-cold(a), Headache{a}, Cold-relieving(b) HM-021 Pnlomis oreophila Labiatae Perennial herb segen Dried whole plant Take decoction Wind-cold(a), Headache{a}, Cold-relieving(b) HM-011 Pnlomis pratensis Labiatae Perennial herb segen Dried whole plant Take decoction Wind-cold(a), Headache{a}, Cold-relieving(b) HM-012 Populus alba Salicaceae Deciduous tree aktirk Dry trunk Soap is extracted by burning Trauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b) DU-005 Table 2 Ethnobotanical inventory of the medicinal wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu (continued) Scientific name Family Life forms Local Tuva names Used parts Methods Indication(a)and/or function(b) Specimen no Populus candicans Salicaceae Deciduous tree tirk Dry trunk Soap is extracted by burning Itchy skin (a), antipruritic and antiseptic (b) MC-023 Populus nigra Salicaceae Deciduous tree garatirk Dry trunk Soap is extracted by burning Itchy skin (a), antipruritic and antiseptic (b) HY-003 Pyrola chouana Pyrolaceae Evergreen herb seno Fresh whole plant Make wine to drink Dehumidification (b) HM-004 Pyrola rotundifolia Pyrolaceae Evergreen herb senot Fresh whole plant Make wine to drink Rheumatism and joint pain HM-005 Ribes aciculare Grossulariaceae Shrubs duozhala Mature fruits Direct consumption or fresh fruit for jam Health (b) MC-009 Ribes altisismum Grossulariaceae Shrubs gezelhat Mature fruits、Fresh or dried roots Roots grated and decocted, fresh fruits eaten directly Hypertension (a), hypotension (b) MC-019 Ribes meyeri Grossulariaceae Shrubs garahat Mature fruits、Fresh or dried roots Roots grated and decocted, fresh fruits eaten directly Hypertension (a), hypotension (b) HM-022 Ribes nigrum Grossulariaceae Shrubs garahat Mature fruits、Fresh or dried roots Roots grated and decocted, fresh fruits eaten directly Hypertension (a), hypotension (b) HM-023 Rubus idaeus Rosaceae Shrubs tanghurai Mature fruits Direct consumption or fresh fruit for jam Hypertension (a), hypotension (b) MC-018 Rubus saxatilis Rosaceae Shrubs arhahat mature fruits Direct consumption or fresh fruit for jam Health (b) MC-020 Sailx alba Salicaceae Deciduous tree aktael Dried tree bark Burn the ashes and apply them to the affected area. Mouth ulcers (a) HY-018 Sailx cinerea Salicaceae Deciduous tree tael Dried tree bark Burn the ashes and apply them to the affected area. Mouth ulcers (a) DU-007 Sailx rosmarinifolia Salicaceae Deciduous tree tael Dried tree bark Burn the ashes and apply them to the affected area. Mouth ulcers (a) DU-008 Sambucas sibirica Caprifoliaceae Shrubs yerys Fresh trunk Ground and applied to the affected area Trauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b) HM-009 Spiraea alpina Rosaceae Shrubs suyesken Stem juice Essential oils extracted from fire are applied to the affected area. Daerlha (Tuva language);dermatology(a) MC-014 Spiraea chamaedryfolia Rosaceae Shrubs suyesken Stem juice Essential oils extracted from fire are applied to the affected area. Daerlha (Tuva language);dermatology(a) HY-004 Table 2 Ethnobotanical inventory of the medicinal wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu (continued) Scientific name Family Life forms Local Tuva names Used parts Methods Indication(a)and/or function(b) Specimen no Spiraea media Rosaceae Shrubs suyesken Stem juice Essential oils extracted from fire are applied to the affected area. Daerlha (Tuva language);dermatology(a) MC-015 Taraxacum bessarabicum Asteraceae Perennial herb bahabak Flower juice Split vertically and apply to the affected area. Trauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b) MC-021 Taraxacum bicorne Asteraceae Perennial herb bahabak Flower juice Split vertically and apply to the affected area. Trauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b) HM-010 Taraxacum lilacinum Asteraceae Perennial herb bahabak Flower juice Split vertically and apply to the affected area. Trauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b) MC-022 Trollius altaicus Ranunculaceae Annual herb matpuqieqiek Fresh whole plant Take decoction Cold and fever (a), expel cold, clear heat and remove toxins (b) HY-020 Food plant Wild food plants are non-artificially grown and domesticated plants collected from the natural environment and used as a source of food, and are important objects of ethnobotanical research[ 8 ]. The Tuva Mongols, as a traditional mountain-dwelling people, have a long history of collecting wild edible plants from the natural environment, and 24 species of wild edible plants belonging to 10 families and 14 genera have been collected from the Tuva folklore (Table 3 ). According to the way of eating plants in Tuva folklore, wild edible plants can be categorized into five types: plants for folk wild vegetables (8 types), plants for wild ripe fruits (10 types), plants for tea (1 type), plants for seasoning (1 type), and other edible plants (4 types). The selection of edible plant parts can be categorized into six types: fruits, whole beads, above-ground parts, roots, sap, and others. Tuva Mongolian herders use local wild plants not only for food, but also for traditional medicines and tonics, and 14 of the 24 edible plants collected are considered to have medicinal value (Fig. 3 ), with several important plant uses given below. This paper reports that the fruits of (Ribes meyeri), (Ribes altisismum) and (Rubus idaeus.) are used for making jams and preparing various tonics in addition to direct consumption. Herders also believe that the roots of these three plants, when chopped and decocted in water, have hypotensive properties and longevity. These three plants are also used as tonic in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Traditional Mongolian Medicine (TMM). Oregano is not only used as a tea plant but is also believed to have blood pressure-lowering properties. Table 3 Ethnobotanical inventory of the eat wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu Scientific name Family Local Tuva names Food part Serving type Specimen no Allium schoenoprasum Liliaceae jiesuohana Whole plant Vegetable use HY-014 Allium altaicum Amaryllidaceae daosuohana Whole plant Vegetable use MC-003 Betula pendula Betulaceae hadeng Stem juice As other foods MC-027 Chenopodium glaucum Chenopodiaceae alabota Whole plant Vegetable use DU-002 Chenopodium acuminatum Chenopodiaceae alabota Whole plant Vegetable use DU-010 Crataegus sanguinea Rosaceae duolana Mature fruits For ripe fruit MC-028 Fragaria viridis Rosaceae jiestihat Mature fruits For ripe fruit MC-007 Foeniculum vulgare Apiaceae huajiao Mature fruits For seasoning HY-006 Fragaria vesca Rosaceae niekhat Mature fruits For ripe fruit MC-008 Larix sibirica Pinaceae teet Pine resin As other foods MC-025 Lilium martagon Liliaceae ay Roots Vegetable use MC-038 Origanum vulgare Labiatae madershguo Aerial parts Use as tea MC-012 Table 3 Ethnobotanical inventory of the eat wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu (continued) Scientific name Family Local Tuva names Food part Serving type Specimen no Picea schrenkiana Pinaceae chbe Pine resin As other foods MC-017 Picea obovata Pinaceae chbe Pine resin As other foods HM-013 Pinus sibirca Pinaceae poesh Mature fruits For ripe fruit HY-002 Rubus idaeus Rosaceae tanghurai Mature fruits For ripe fruit MC-018 Ribes meyeri Grossulariaceae garahat Mature fruits For ripe fruit HM-022 Ribes nigrum Grossulariaceae garahat Mature fruits For ripe fruit HM-023 Rubus saxatilis Rosaceae arhahat Mature fruits For ripe fruit MC-020 Ribes altisismum Grossulariaceae gezelhat Mature fruits For ripe fruit MC-019 Ribes aciculare Grossulariaceae duozhala Mature fruits For ripe fruit MC-009 Scirpus validus Liliaceae jiucai Whole plant Vegetable use HY-021 Vicia costata Leguminosae suoslenk Whole plant Vegetable use HY-013 Vicia lilacina Leguminosae suoslenk Whole plant Vegetable use HY-019 Plants for Building Crafts Plants for construction and crafts are plants used for the construction of houses, cattle and sheep pens, animal sheds and other living as well as livestock production facilities and for the production of folk transportation, household goods, production tools and crafts[ 8 ]. The Tuva people chose to utilize plants for architectural crafts mainly in the form of woody plants, supplemented by herbaceous plants, and 29 specimens of plants used for architectural crafts were collected in the village of Womu, belonging to 9 families and 16 genera (Table 4 ). The Tuva Mongols have a clear understanding of the plants used in the construction of different parts of the house. Conifers are used to build the walls and beams of the house, of which Larix sibirica is considered to be the best material, characterized by hard wood and non-perishable; broad-leaved trees such as Padus avium , Betula pendula , Populus candicans , etc. are commonly used for sledding and the construction of means of transportation and production tools such as doors and windows of houses and wine barrels; and shrubs such as Spiraea alpina , Cotoneaster multiflorus and Juniperus pseudosabina are used to make household items and utensils such as brooms, bowls and spoons. As a mountain-dwelling ethnic group, hunting is one of the most important forms of production for the Tuva Mongols. The Tuva people have a long history of using plants such as Picea obovata to make fur skis, Padus avium and Betula pendula to make sledges, and Cotoneaster melanocarpus and Salix matshudana to make bows and arrows for winter hunting and outdoor activities. Cotoneaster melanocarpus, Salix matshudana, and other plants used to make bows and arrows for hunting and outdoor activities in winter have a long history, and the region has been recognized as "the origin of human skiing" since 2006 when a number of international experts and scholars jointly issued the "Altay Declaration". Since the Chinese government banned hunting in the region in the 1980s, the Tuva Mongols no longer hunt, but the traditional skills of making bows and arrows, skis and sleds have been preserved, transforming hunting skills into winter recreation. Table 4 Cataloguing plants used in Tuva Mongolian folk architectural crafts Scientific name Family Local Tuva names Use Using parts Specimen no Abies sibirica Pinaceae zhuyihan Construction of houses, cattle and sheep pens Backbone MC-001 Achnatherum splendens Graminae trsen Making mats and brooms Stalk MC-002 Betula pendula Betulaceae hadeng Buddhist wicks, yurt skylights, carriage parts, saddles, insoles, knife sheaths Backbone、Twig MC-027 Cannabis sativa Cannabaceae keyender Making twine Sstem and leaf MC-040 Cotoneaster melanocarpus Rosaceae ergay Making horsewhips, bows and arrows Stalk MC-030 Cotoneaster multiflorus Rosaceae ergay Making horsewhips, bows and arrows Stalk DU-003 Cotoneaster uniflorus Rosaceae ergay Making horsewhips, bows and arrows Stalk MC-029 Juniperus pseudosabina Cupressaceae artesh Making cutlery such as wan, spoons, etc. Stalk、Roots MC-037 Juniperus sabina Cupressaceae artesh Making cutlery such as wan, spoons, etc. Stalk、Roots MC-036 Larix sibirica Pinaceae teet Furniture of all kinds、pail、Making a Bow and Arrow Backbone MC-025 Lonicera caerulea Caprifoliaceae shuoeltay Brooms and toolholder Stalk MC-026 Lonicera tatarica Caprifoliaceae shuoeltay Brooms and toolholder Stalk MC-024 Padus avium Rosaceae zhudera Making sled parts Backbone MC-010 Phrdgnmites australis Graminae hulusen Covered roofs Sstem and leaf DU-004 Picea obovata Pinaceae chbe Antique Fur Skis、Furniture of all kinds、sledges、toolholder、 Backbone HM-013 Picea schrenkiana Pinaceae chbe Furniture of all kinds、Making sled parts、toolholder Backbone MC-017 Pinus sibirca Pinaceae poesh Furniture of all kinds Backbone HY-002 Pleurospermum uralense Apiaceae mandelash Musical instrument (flute) production Stalk HY-001 Populus alba Salicaceae aktirk Construction of houses, cattle and sheep pens Backbone DU-005 Populus candicans Salicaceae tirk Making a barrel for making horsemilk wine Base of trunk MC-023 Populus nigra Salicaceae garatirk Covered roofs、Furniture of all kinds Backbone HY-003 Populus tremulu Salicaceae sharalang Covered roofs、Furniture of all kinds Backbone MC-016 Sailx alba Salicaceae aktael Covered roofs Backbone、Twig HY-018 Sailx cinerea Salicaceae tael Covered roofs Backbone、Twig DU-007 Sailx rosmarinifolia Salicaceae tael Covered roofs Backbone、Twig DU-008 Salix matshudana Salicaceae tael Making a Bow and Arrow、Making Yurt Components Twig DU-006 Spiraea alpina Rosaceae suyesken Making horsewhips and brooms Stalk MC-014 Spiraea chamaedryfolia Rosaceae suyesken Making horsewhips and brooms Stalk HY-004 Spiraea media Rosaceae suyesken Making horsewhips and brooms Stalk MC-015 Livestock feed plants The people of Tuva have some traditional knowledge of plants used for livestock; 34 species of forage grasses belonging to 9 families and 17 genera were collected from interviews with local people (Table 5 ). Tuva people have long been in the process of grazing attention and found livestock favorite edible plants and toxic and harmful plants to livestock, folk believe that plants of the genus Aconitum is poisonous, livestock will be poisoned if they eat too much, and have a high level of awareness of toxic plants and harmful forage plants; reduce the accidental losses in the process of animal husbandry production. Of the 34 forage resource plants collected, Asteraceae accounted for more than 32.3%, followed by Labiatae at 15%. Table 5 Cataloguing of plants used for fodder in Tuva Mongolian folklore Scientific name Family Local Tuva names Specimen no Achillea ledebouri Asteraceae sgen MC-033 Achillea setacea Asteraceae sgen MC-034 Artemisia frigida Asteraceae yerneb HY-007 Achillea impatiens Asteraceae sgen HY-010 Artemisia sericea Asteraceae yerneb HY-008 Artemisia sieversiana Asteraceae yerneb HY-009 Artemisia vulggaris Asteraceae yerneb HY-017 Achillea asistica Asteraceae sgen HY-015 Artemisia altaica Asteraceae yerneb HY-012 Clematis integrifolia Ranunculaceae zhelbege HM-016 Clematis songorica Ranunculaceae zhelbege HM-017 Chamerion angustifolium Onagraceae boranot HM-014 Clematis sibirica Ranunculaceae zhelbege HM-015 Elymus sibiricus Graminae senot HM-008 Equisetum fluviatile Equisetaceae sgen HM-018 Equisetum hyemale Equisetaceae sgen HM-019 Fragaria viridis Rosaceae jiestihat MC-007 Fragaria vesca Rosaceae niekhat MC-008 Hordeum violaceum Graminae sgen HM-007 Leymus chinensis Graminae senot HM-006 Medicago sativa Leguminosae zhuoenshha DU-009 Mentha asiatica Labiatae zhalbes MC-039 Origanum vulgare Labiatae madershguo MC-012 Pyrola rotundifolia Pyrolaceae senot HM-005 Pnlomis oreophila Labiatae segen HM-011 Phlomis tuberosa Labiatae sgen HM-020 Pnlomis alpina Labiatae segen HM-021 Taraxacum bessarabicum Asteraceae bahabak MC-021 Taraxacum lilacinum Asteraceae bahabak MC-022 Taraxacum bicorne Asteraceae bahabak HM-010 Trollius altaicus Ranunculaceae matpuqieqiek HY-020 Vicia costata Leguminosae suoslenk HY-013 Vicia lilacina Leguminosae suoslenk HY-019 Dye plant Through interviews and surveys, a total of three species of plants used for dyeing were collected in Tuva folklore (Table 6 ), belonging to two families and two genera; Tuva folklore has rich traditional dyeing knowledge, especially the selection of plant parts for dyeing, the selection of collection seasons, and dyeing techniques, which have formed a relatively systematic traditional dyeing knowledge and experience. The folk often use the roots of Berberis heteropoda , Berberis sibirica and the bark of Larix sibirica to dye, and it is believed that it is best to collect them in the fall. The collected roots and bark are chopped and boiled in water, and then after waiting for the boiling water to naturally cool down to room temperature, clothing, felt, leather ropes, and other items to be dyed are immersed in the water and dyed. Table 6 Cataloguing plants for dyeing Scientific name Family Local Tuva names Using parts Specimen no Berberis heteropoda Berberidaceae buiranghat Roots MC-004 Berberis sibirica Berberidaceae buiranghat Roots HM-001 Larix sibirica Pinaceae teet Tree bark MC-025 Conclusion The Tuva Mongolian people in China have created colorful traditional botanical knowledge and experience with certain regional characteristics. Although this paper salvages and organizes the traditional botanical knowledge of the Tuva folk, most of the people who provide this information are elderly, and the young people have vague traditional botanical knowledge of the Tuva folk, which is likely to disappear with the change of the social production mode and the improvement of the living standard of the Tuva folk, and this traditional botanical knowledge is also an important way to search for new medicines and new types of food. It should be further protected and excavated. Abbreviations MAR Mongolia Autonomous Region UAR Uygur Autonomous Region TCM Traditional Chinese Medicine TMM Traditional Mongolian Medicine Declarations Acknowledgement The authors would like to express their gratitude to the traditional healers and other local people who selflessly shared their knowledge of traditional ethnobotany. In addition, we would like to thank the members of the Hormu Village Council for their help. In addition, we would like to thank the ethnobotanists, taxonomists and Tuva Mongolians who contributed their time and expertise to the investigations during the study. We used GIS software and the https://www.gscloud.cn home page to create a map of the study area, and we are grateful to Mr Jiu Jiangtao for making the map. Author contributions Ulan Ushang participated in research survey, data evaluation, and wrote the manuscript as the major contributor of the study. Bayandala contributed to the structure, discussion contents of the study, and helped with species identifcation. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript. Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32260101). Availability of data and materials The datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Ethics approval and consent to participate Permission to conduct the ethnobotanical study was obtained from the district administration and village ofce in the study area. The purpose of the study was explained to all participants, and they agreed to provide information. Consent for publication Our manuscript does not contain any individual’s person data. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests Author details Ulan·Ushang. College of forestry and landscape architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China. References Cotton CM. Ethnobotany: principles and applications. Chichester: Wiley; 1996. Ford R. Ethnobotany: historical diversity and synthesis. University of Michigan: Michigan, 1978. Harshberger JP. Purposes of Ethnobotany. Botanical Gazette. 1896;21(3):146–54. Rakotoarivelo NH, Rakotoarivony F, Ramarosandratana AV, Jeannoda VH, Kuhlman AR, Randrianasolo A, Bussmann RW. Medicinal plants used to treat the most frequent diseases encountered in Ambalabe rural community, Eastern Madagascar. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2015;11:68. Geng YF, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang LL, Wang YH. Research Development of Food Plant Ethnobotany-Bibliometric and Mapping Knowledge Domains Analysis Based on Web of Science. Plant Diversity. 2015;37(4):479–90. Himanshu S. Ashwani K. Ethnobotanical Research on Dye Plants Used by the Baiyi Indigenous People's from Heqing County, Dali, Yunnan, China. J Medicinal Plants Research. 2011;5(4):1107–12. Sheng J P. Hamilton. Wang Y H. Vital roles for ethnobotany in conservation and sustainable development. Plant diversity. 2020;42(6):399–400. Pei SJ, Huai HY. Ethnobotany. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press; 2007. Pei SJ, Long CL. The applied ethnobotany. Yunnan: Yunnan Minority Press; 1998. Pei SJ. General Introduction to Three-decades Development of Ethnobotan.and Perspectives in China. 2011;20(2):5–9. Fan RY, Gou W, Wang C. Ethnobotanical survey on mosquito-repellent plant used by Hani people in Xishuangbanna. 2019;39(3):359–74. Liu YC, Dao ZL, Yang CY, Liu YT, Long CL. Medicinal plants used by Tibetans in Shangri-la, Yunnan, China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2009;5:15. Long CL, Li SM, Long B, Shi YN, Liu BX. Medicinal plants used by the Yi ethnic group: a case study in central Yunnan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2009;5:13. Hong LY, Guo ZY, Huang KH, Wei SJ, Liu B, Meng SW, Long CL. Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by Maonan people in China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2015;11:32. Khasbagan. Soyolt Indigenous knowledge for plant species diversity: a case study of wild plants' folk names used by the Mongolians in Ejina desert area, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China. J Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2008,4:2. Sachula. Geilebagan. Zhang YY. Wild edible plants collected and consumed by the locals in Daqinggou, Inner Mongolia, China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed.2020;1:60. Wurchaih, Huar, Khasbagan. Medicinal wild plants used by the Mongolherdsmen in Bairin Area of Inner Mongolia and its comparative study between TMM and TCM. J. Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.2019,15:1. Bayandala, Garisangaolibu, Khasbagan. Studies on Medical Ethnobotany of the Olot Mongolians in Xinjiang, China. Chinese journal of ethnomedicine and ethnophamacy, 2010;19(03):1–4. Xiong ZX. Yunnan Resource Botany. Kunming: Yunnan Education Publishing House, 1997. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4565342","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":323611480,"identity":"770d1da4-d2fe-40ac-ac01-d0c7f3ea0aee","order_by":0,"name":"Ulan Ushang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"College of forestry and landscape architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ulan","middleName":"","lastName":"Ushang","suffix":""},{"id":323611481,"identity":"2ef0dd9d-ab46-4554-ae04-a5c49045c991","order_by":1,"name":"Bayandala no family name","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAzDJxiDDwN4A5RwgUgsPA88BkrVIJECFCGkxZz9j+LmgzI6Hf+Ybg4KfbQxyfDcSGD8X4NFi2ZNjLD3jXDKPxO20BMPeNgZjyRsJzNIz8DnsQI6BNG8bMw/D7eQDBrxtDIkbbiSwAbl4tJx/Y/ybt62eR/7mwQbDv20M9YS13MgxA9pymMfgBvMBY6AtCQaEtFjOeFZmzXPuOI/hmbQEY5lzEoYzzzxslsanxZw/efNtnrJqObnjZ8wM35TZyPMdTz74GZ8WBgYOAxiLDciSANKMDXg1MDCwP4CxmB/gUjMKRsEoGAUjGwAANN1IYf5IU1sAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"College of forestry and landscape architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bayandala","middleName":"no family","lastName":"name","suffix":""},{"id":323611482,"identity":"28b185ec-997a-49f8-b01a-f5f161987c27","order_by":2,"name":"Jiangtao Jiu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"College of forestry and landscape architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jiangtao","middleName":"","lastName":"Jiu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-11 15:53:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4565342/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4565342/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":60051706,"identity":"82b57157-faf6-4717-979e-878e6f16846a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-11 06:24:34","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1251731,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eStudy area and villages surveyed\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4565342/v1/bcc0c11541a3bd339f33e489.png"},{"id":60052108,"identity":"e1d34391-7777-4587-81d9-c08d03d8b913","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-11 06:32:34","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":15188,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSelection of medicinal parts of resource plants\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4565342/v1/879eaa0dbd8eec1883fcf69c.png"},{"id":60051704,"identity":"89720121-f57d-4353-b972-a3798b48d2a8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-07-11 06:24:34","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":9360,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDual-use food and drug plants\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4565342/v1/e5ace55d890ade4b24653098.png"},{"id":64802002,"identity":"23d080c9-711c-493e-a161-4d9e03a99aaf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-19 03:27:12","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2808751,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4565342/v1/8b0523b6-f9cc-4253-944d-4dc669506cd7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Study on Traditional Botanical Knowledge of the Tuva Mongolians in Xinjiang, China","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eCotton [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e] considers traditional botanical knowledge as the knowledge about plants possessed by any non-industrialized social group, covering all aspects of human practices of using plants and managing vegetation, as well as ecological perceptions; Traditional botanical knowledge is the most fundamental element in ethnobotany. Different communities or each ethnic group has its own unique way of recognizing and conserving plant resources, which is the social basis for the emergence and development of ethnobotany. Ethnobotany is the study of human-plant interactions, including how humans perceive plants, utilize them (economically, medicinally, for daily subsistence, culturally, etc.), and manage them [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Ethnobotany was first proposed by Harshberger in 1896 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e], and has received some attention and development in countries around the world over the past 130 years, especially in the study of medicines, diets, dyes, lacquerware, cultural implements and other plant-made items and plant raw materials [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR5\" citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e], and even utilized ethnobotanical research methods to promote the economic development of local communities, raise people's awareness of plant resources and awareness of conservation, as well as making great contributions to biodiversity conservation[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. In recent years, ethnobotany in developing countries has developed rapidly, for example, after ethnobotany was first introduced into China in 1982, Chinese ethnobotany has formed its own research theoretical system, research content and methodology[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. Ford, a famous American ethnobotanist, pointed out at the first ethnobotany training course in China in 1987: \"Ethnobotany was developed in the U.S., but the roots of ethnobotany are in China, where records and accounts of folk herbs and wild vegetables appeared as early as more than 3,000 years ago\".\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChina's ethnobotanical research started in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan Province, and has now been extended to institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutes and nature conservation organizations throughout the country[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e], and the study of the ethnic groups are the Naxi, Hani, Mongolian, Tibetan, Yi, Maonan and so on[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR12 CR13\" citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e], among which the Mongol-Ethnobotany is more in-depth research. They have done ethnobotanical research on the naming, classification, dietary use, tea use, medicinal use, feeding, production technology, folklore, beliefs and other aspects of Mongolian folk plants, and have achieved many characteristic research results[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR16 CR17\" citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. However, Mongol-Ethnobotany research only focuses on Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (MAR). Mongols are widely distributed in eight provinces and regions in China, including Inner MAR, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (UAR), Qinghai, Gansu, etc. It is not enough to carry out Mongol-Ethnobotany only in Inner MAR. Therefore, in this study, we chose the Tuva Mongolians in the Altai Mountains in the northern Xinjing UAR as the research object and carried out the study of Tuva Mongol Ethnobotany.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy area and ethnic group\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Mongols are composed of many tribes scattered throughout China, Russia and Mongolia, and the Mongols in different regions still retain ethnic customs unique to their region. Among them, the Tuva tribe is one of the ancient tribes of the Mongols, which are mainly located in the Republic of Tuva of the Russian Federation, northern Mongolia and Xinjiang of China. The Tuva Mongols in Xinjiang are concentrated in the villages of Hormu and Hanas in Burqin County and Baihaba in Habahe County, with a total population of about 2,200 at present. Although the population is small, the traditional culture of the Tuva folk is preserved more intact, and the Tuva folk have been living in the Altai Mountains of Xinjiang since ancient times through a unique way of life and production such as nomadic pastoralism and hunting, and they have accumulated a wealth of traditional botanical knowledge and experience. However, with the economic and social development, the improvement of the material life of Tuva folk and the banning of hunting by the local government and other objective factors have led to the rapid disappearance of the traditional botanical knowledge of Tuva folk, and it has become particularly important to record and protect the ethnobotanical knowledge of the Tuva Mongolian ethnic group. Therefore, the present study applies ethnobotanical research methodology to conduct a survey, recording, organizing, cataloguing, and analyzing of the traditional botanical knowledge of the Tuva folk of China in Xinjiang, and to explore the interaction between the Tuva populace in the region and their resource plants, which is of certain practical significance for the study of the plant culture of the Tuva Mongol ethnic group, as well as for the conservation and development of the local botanical resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHormu Village is a village under the Hormu Hanas Mongolian Nationalities Township in Burqin County, Xinjiang, China, and is a centralized living settlement of the Chinese Tuva people, located on the banks of the Irtysh River on the northwestern border of China, bordering Kazakhstan, Russia and Mongolia. This area has a temperate zone continental climate. The village of Hormu is rich in botanical resources, where vast areas of highly biodiverse cold-temperate taiga forests are distributed, dominated by pine and cypress coniferous types, accompanied by some broad-leaved deciduous forests, and the area is also representative of the southward extension of Siberian plant and animal species into China.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eInvestigating and analyzing the traditional knowledge and experience of the folk use of wild plant resources of the Tuva Mongolians in Xinjiang, including the folk names of plants, traditional folk medicinal plants, edible wild plants, plants used for livestock fodder, plants used for building crafts, and traditional dye plants.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiterature research: On the basis of determining the research location, ethnicity (tribe) and the content of the research, collect and organize literature related to the research area. It mainly involves literature and writings such as local history, ethnography, ethnobotany, etc., studying local ethnic culture, history and plant resource utilization, etc., utilizing relevant professional books such as Xinjiang Botanical Records, searching, arranging, and cataloguing locally collected plant information, obtaining the basic situation of utilizing the resource plant information in the folk of Tuva in the village of Hormu, and summarizing its main composition, application, etc. Analyze.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthnobotany Approach: Ethnobotany Approach is one of the methods to develop plant resources, the investigation of plant species and use in the traditional utilization of the study area, the order of work is: literature research, folk visit survey, field survey and collection of evidence plant specimens [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. The main sequence of work of the authors in studying the traditional botanical knowledge of the Tuva Mongolians in the village of Hormu, Xinjiang, is as follows: identification of investigation points \u0026rarr; random interview records \u0026rarr; participation in observation \u0026rarr; collection of evidence specimens \u0026rarr; identification of plant specimens \u0026rarr; collation of data and other ethnobotanical research methods.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results and discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthnobotanical records\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNinety-five species of resource plants (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) belonging to 25 families and 50 genera were collected from Tuva folklore. The traditional botanical knowledge of Tuva folklore is rich in five types, including medicinal, edible, livestock fodder, building crafts, and dyes. Of the 95 species of plants collected locally, Asteraceae was the most abundant with 14.7%, followed by Rosaceae with 12.6%; the life types were trees, shrubs, subshrubs, annuals, perennials, and herbaceous vines; and the Tuvan folk in particular made high use of the local woody plants, which have some regional characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e \u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEthnobotanical cataloging of the Tuva Mongolian ethnobotanical group in the village of Hormu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScientific name\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLocal Tuva names\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSue\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpecimen no\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAbies sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ezhuyihan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchillea asistica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchille impatiens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchillea ledebouri\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-033\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchillea setacea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-034\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchnatherum splendens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraminae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etrsen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAconitum monticola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehuoranmanjin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAconitum smirnovii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehuoranmanjin\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAllium altaicum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmaryllidaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edaosuohna\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAllium schoenoprasum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLiliaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ejiesuohana\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArctium lappa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eoshhan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDU-001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArctiu tomentosum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eoshhan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia altaica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia frigida\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia sericea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia sieversiana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia vulggaris\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBerberis sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBerberidaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ebuiranghat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBerberis heteropoda\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBerberidaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ebuiranghat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBetula pendula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBetulaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehadeng\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-027\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBupleurum kryloviamum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eApiaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecaihu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-031\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBupleurum multinerve\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eApiaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecaihu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBupleurum pusillum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eApiaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecaihu\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-032\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCannabis sativa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCannabaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ekeyender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-040\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChamerion angustifolium\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnagraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eboranot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChenopodium glaucum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChenopodiaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ealabota\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDU-002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChenopodium acuminatum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChenopodiaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ealabota\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDU-010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eClematis songorica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ezhelbege\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eClematis integrifolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ezhelbege\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eClematis sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ezhelbege\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCotoneaster melanocarpus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eergay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-030\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCotoneaster multiflorus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eergay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDO-003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCotoneaster uniflorus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eergay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-029\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrataegus sanguinea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eduolana\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDictamnus angustifolius\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRutaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eaktang\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eElymus sibiricus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraminae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esenot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEphedra monospema\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEphedraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emahuang\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEquisetum fluviatile\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEquisetaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEquisetum hyemale\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEquisetaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFoeniculum vulgare\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eApiaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehuajiao\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFragaria vesca\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eniekhat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFragaria viridis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ejiestihat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGlycyrrhiza uralensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeguminosae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emiya\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDU-011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHordeum violaceum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraminae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus pseudosabina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCupressaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eartesh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-037\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus sabina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCupressaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eartesh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCupressaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eshanak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLarix sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eteet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E、A、L、D\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-025\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLeymus chinensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraminae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esenot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLilium martagon\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLiliaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLonicera caerulea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCaprifoliaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eshuoeltay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLonicera tatarica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCaprifoliaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eshuoeltay\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMedicago sativa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeguminosae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ezhuoenshha\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDU-009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMentha asiatica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ezhalbes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOriganum vulgare\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emadershguo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePadus avium\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ezhudera\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePaeonia anomala\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePaeoniaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003echonglek\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePaeonia sinjiangensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePaeoniaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003echonglek\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhlomis tuberosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eL\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhrdgnmites australis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGraminae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ehulusen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDU-004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePicea obovata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003echbe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E、L、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePicea schrenkiana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003echbe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E、L、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-017\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePinus sibirca\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epoesh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-002\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlantago maximaa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlantaginaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHurahan gulak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePleurospermum uralense\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eApiaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emandelash\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePnlomis alpina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esegen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePnlomis oreophila\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esegen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePnlomis pratensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esegen\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-012\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePopulus alba\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eaktirk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDU-005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePopulus candicans\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etirk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePopulus nigra\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egaratirk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePopulus tremulu\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esharalang\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrola chouana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePyrolaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eseno\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrola rotundifolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePyrolaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esenot\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes aciculare\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eduozhala\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes altisismum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egezelhat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes meyeri\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egarahat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes nigrum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egarahat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRubus idaeus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etanghurai\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRubus saxatilis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003earhahat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSailx alba\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eaktael\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-018\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSailx cinerea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etael\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDU-007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSailx rosmarinifolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etael\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDU-008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSalix matshudana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etael\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDU-006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSambucas sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCaprifoliaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eyerys\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eScirpus validus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLiliaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ejiucai\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpiraea alpina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esuyesken\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpiraea chamaedryfolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esuyesken\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpiraea media\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esuyesken\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、A\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTaraxacum bessarabicum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ebahabak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTaraxacum bicorne\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ebahabak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHM-010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTaraxacum lilacinum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ebahabak\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMC-022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrollius altaicus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ematpuqieqiek\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVicia costata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeguminosae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esuoslenk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-013\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 28.115%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVicia lilacina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 17.4121%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeguminosae\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 20.2875%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esuoslenk\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 19.8083%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM、L\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" style=\"width: 14.377%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHY-019\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe local Tuva names of medicinal plants in the table are shown in traditional Tuvan, M stands for medicinal plants, E stands for edible plants, A stands for plants used in building crafts, L stands for plants used for livestock feed, and D stands for dye plants.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMedicinal plant\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThrough the long-term struggle with nature and diseases, Tuva folk have accumulated rich traditional knowledge and practical experience in preventing and curing diseases. A total of 55 species of medicinal plants have been collected in Hormu Village (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e), belonging to 16 families and 29 genera, and the knowledge of Tuva folk about the use of plants for medicinal purposes includes the selection of the medicinal parts of the plants, the understanding of their functions and main treatments, and the practice of medicinal methods in three aspects (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Due to the low average annual temperature in this region, the winter temperature can be as low as -40℃ and for a long time, coupled with the fact that Tuva Mongolians are nomadic people, long-term exposure to the cold and the dietary habits of herders and other causes of arthritis, rheumatism and high blood pressure are common among the Tuva Mongolians, so there is a wealth of corresponding knowledge of the treatment of such diseases and. At present, there is almost no literature research related to the traditional medicine knowledge of Tuva Mongolians, and with the death of folk doctors, Tuva Mongolians medicine is about to face the possibility of being lost and disappearing, so it is urgent to protect the Tuva Mongolians medicinal resources and traditional medication knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSelection of medicinal parts\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe medicinal parts of Tuva Mongolian folk medicinal plants can be categorized into 7 types such as whole plants, flowers, leaves, stems, fruits, roots and others (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e), and among the various types of medicinal parts, the roots have the most, followed by the fruits and whole grasses. Most of the roots are used by folk herders for lowering blood pressure, which is characteristic of the ethnic group, and folk knowledge such as the use of melted spruce turpentine to stop bleeding and treat wounds, and the use of deciduous pine mushrooms to gargle and alleviate toothache, which should be further explored.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRecognition of the main treatments and functions of medicinal plants and how they are used\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe survey of medicinal plant uses was aimed at documenting the various diseases targeted for treatment by local folk medicinal plants (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The information obtained from the folklore shows that local folklore has a folkloric understanding of medicinal plant functions and main treatments, but often cannot clearly distinguish between plant medicinal functions and main treatments, and local folklore only provides information on main treatments for most of the plants, with less knowledge of the medicinal functions of the plants. Decoction in water, direct consumption, and mashing and compressing on the affected area are the most common ways used by the Tuva Mongolian people. After the investigation, it was found that the local people's knowledge of using fresh fir bark in baths to treat rheumatism has not been documented and reported in the medical field, so the scientific knowledge behind it can be explored in depth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthnobotanical inventory of the medicinal wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife forms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal Tuva names\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsed parts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndication(a)and/or function(b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecimen no\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAbies sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvergreen tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezhuyihan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh tree bark\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoak in water and take a bath\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRheumatism (a); expectorant (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAconitum monticola\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnnual herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehuoranmanjin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInject a small amount into the affected area\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth decay (a); pain relief (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-035\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAconitum smirnovii\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnnual herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehuoranmanjin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInject a small amount into the affected area\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth decay (a); pain relief (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArctium lappa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eoshhan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried mature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever (a), cough (b); fever reduction (b), cough relief (b))\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArctium tomentosum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eoshhan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried mature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever (a), cough (b); fever reduction (b), cough relief (b))\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia altaica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnnual herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh aerial parts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever (a), cough (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia sieversiana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnnual herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh aerial parts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever (a); fever reduction (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBupleurum kryloviamum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApiaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecaihu\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh or dried roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever (a), fever reduction (b), De-heating and detoxification (b))\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-031\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBupleurum multinerve\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApiaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecaihu\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh or dried roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever (a), fever reduction (b), De-heating and detoxification (b))\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBupleurum pusillum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApiaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecaihu\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh or dried roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever (a), fever reduction (b), De-heating and detoxification (b))\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-032\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eClematis integrifolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezhelbege\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh or dried whole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLung diseases (a), lung cleansing (b), post-natal recovery for pregnant women (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eClematis sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezhelbege\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh or dried whole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLung diseases (a), lung cleansing (b), post-natal recovery for pregnant women (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrataegus sanguinea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeciduous tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eduolana\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect consumption\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-028\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eDictamnus angustifolius\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRutaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eaktang\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh or dried roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLung diseases (a), lung cleansing (b),\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEphedra monospema\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEphedraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubshrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emahuang\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh tender stem and leaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eClearing heat and removing toxins(b), relieving cough(b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFoeniculum vulgare\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApiaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnnual herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehuajiao\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried seeds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertension (a), hypotension (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFragaria vesca\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eniekhat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect consumption\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFragaria viridis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ejiestihat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect consumption\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eGlycyrrhiza uralensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeguminosae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emiya\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCough (a);, cough relief (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthnobotanical inventory of the medicinal wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu (continued)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife forms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal Tuva names\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsed parts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndication(a)and/or function(b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecimen no\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus pseudosabina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCupressaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubshrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eartesh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried leaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake water decocted solution, Then wash up.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItchy skin (a), antipruritic and antiseptic (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-037\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus sabina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCupressaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvergreen tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eartesh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried leaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake water decocted solution, Then wash up.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItchy skin (a), antipruritic and antiseptic (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-036\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCupressaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSubshrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eshanak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh leaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake water decocted solution, Then wash up.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItchy skin (a), antipruritic and antiseptic (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLarix sibiirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeciduous tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eteet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeciduous pine mushrooms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDecoct with water, Gargled in the mouth with water decocted solution;\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTooth decay (a); pain relief (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMentha asiatica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezhalbes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh leaves\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFever (a), fever reduction (b), De-heating and detoxification (b))\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-039\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOriganum vulgare\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emadershguo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried aerial parts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFermented and decocted in water\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertension (a), hypotension (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePaeonia anomala\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaeoniaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003echonglek\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh or dried roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCut into pieces and decoct with water\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertension (a), hypotension (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePaeonia sinjiangensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePaeoniaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003echonglek\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh or dried roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCut into pieces and decoct with water\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertension (a), hypotension (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePicea obovata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvergreen tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003echbe\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine resin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMelt turpentine on fire and apply it to the wound.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePicea schrenkiana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvergreen tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003echbe\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine resin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMelt turpentine on fire and apply it to the wound.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWind-cold(a), Headache{a}, Cold-relieving(b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlantago maximaa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlantaginaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHurahan\u0026nbsp;gulak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh whole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrinary tract infections (a), diuresis (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePnlomis alpina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esegen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried whole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWind-cold(a), Headache{a}, Cold-relieving(b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePnlomis oreophila\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esegen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried whole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWind-cold(a), Headache{a}, Cold-relieving(b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePnlomis pratensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esegen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried whole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWind-cold(a), Headache{a}, Cold-relieving(b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePopulus alba\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeciduous tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eaktirk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry trunk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoap is extracted by burning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e Ethnobotanical inventory of the medicinal wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu (continued)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Tabb\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife forms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal Tuva names\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsed parts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndication(a)and/or function(b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecimen no\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePopulus candicans\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeciduous tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etirk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry trunk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoap is extracted by burning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItchy skin (a), antipruritic and antiseptic (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePopulus nigra\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeciduous tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egaratirk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDry trunk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSoap is extracted by burning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItchy skin (a), antipruritic and antiseptic (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrola chouana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyrolaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvergreen herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eseno\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh whole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMake wine to drink\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDehumidification (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrola rotundifolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyrolaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvergreen herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esenot\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh whole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMake wine to drink\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRheumatism and joint pain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes aciculare\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eduozhala\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect consumption or fresh fruit for jam\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes altisismum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egezelhat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits、Fresh or dried roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoots grated and decocted, fresh fruits eaten directly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertension (a), hypotension (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes meyeri\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egarahat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits、Fresh or dried roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoots grated and decocted, fresh fruits eaten directly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertension (a), hypotension (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes nigrum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egarahat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits、Fresh or dried roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoots grated and decocted, fresh fruits eaten directly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertension (a), hypotension (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRubus idaeus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etanghurai\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect consumption or fresh fruit for jam\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHypertension (a), hypotension (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRubus saxatilis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003earhahat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDirect consumption or fresh fruit for jam\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHealth (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSailx alba\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeciduous tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eaktael\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried tree bark\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBurn the ashes and apply them to the affected area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMouth ulcers (a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSailx cinerea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeciduous tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etael\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried tree bark\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBurn the ashes and apply them to the affected area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMouth ulcers (a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSailx rosmarinifolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeciduous tree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etael\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDried tree bark\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBurn the ashes and apply them to the affected area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMouth ulcers (a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSambucas sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaprifoliaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyerys\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh trunk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGround and applied to the affected area\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpiraea alpina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esuyesken\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStem juice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEssential oils extracted from fire are applied to the affected area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDaerlha (Tuva language);dermatology(a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpiraea chamaedryfolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esuyesken\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStem juice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEssential oils extracted from fire are applied to the affected area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDaerlha (Tuva language);dermatology(a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e Ethnobotanical inventory of the medicinal wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu (continued)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Tabc\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife forms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal Tuva names\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsed parts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMethods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndication(a)and/or function(b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecimen no\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpiraea media\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShrubs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esuyesken\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStem juice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEssential oils extracted from fire are applied to the affected area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDaerlha (Tuva language);dermatology(a)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTaraxacum bessarabicum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebahabak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlower juice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSplit vertically and apply to the affected area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTaraxacum bicorne\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebahabak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlower juice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSplit vertically and apply to the affected area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTaraxacum lilacinum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerennial herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebahabak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFlower juice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSplit vertically and apply to the affected area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrauma (a), hemostasis (b), sterilization (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrollius altaicus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnnual herb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ematpuqieqiek\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFresh whole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTake decoction\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCold and fever (a), expel cold, clear heat and remove toxins (b)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eFood plant\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWild food plants are non-artificially grown and domesticated plants collected from the natural environment and used as a source of food, and are important objects of ethnobotanical research[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. The Tuva Mongols, as a traditional mountain-dwelling people, have a long history of collecting wild edible plants from the natural environment, and 24 species of wild edible plants belonging to 10 families and 14 genera have been collected from the Tuva folklore (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). According to the way of eating plants in Tuva folklore, wild edible plants can be categorized into five types: plants for folk wild vegetables (8 types), plants for wild ripe fruits (10 types), plants for tea (1 type), plants for seasoning (1 type), and other edible plants (4 types). The selection of edible plant parts can be categorized into six types: fruits, whole beads, above-ground parts, roots, sap, and others.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTuva Mongolian herders use local wild plants not only for food, but also for traditional medicines and tonics, and 14 of the 24 edible plants collected are considered to have medicinal value (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e), with several important plant uses given below.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis paper reports that the fruits of (Ribes meyeri), (Ribes altisismum) and (Rubus idaeus.) are used for making jams and preparing various tonics in addition to direct consumption. Herders also believe that the roots of these three plants, when chopped and decocted in water, have hypotensive properties and longevity. These three plants are also used as tonic in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Traditional Mongolian Medicine (TMM). Oregano is not only used as a tea plant but is also believed to have blood pressure-lowering properties.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthnobotanical inventory of the eat wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal Tuva names\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood part\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServing type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecimen no\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAllium schoenoprasum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiliaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ejiesuohana\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVegetable use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAllium altaicum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmaryllidaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edaosuohana\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVegetable use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBetula pendula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBetulaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehadeng\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStem juice\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs other foods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChenopodium glaucum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChenopodiaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ealabota\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVegetable use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChenopodium acuminatum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChenopodiaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ealabota\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVegetable use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCrataegus sanguinea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eduolana\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor ripe fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-028\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFragaria viridis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ejiestihat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor ripe fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFoeniculum vulgare\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApiaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehuajiao\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor seasoning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFragaria vesca\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eniekhat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor ripe fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLarix sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eteet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine resin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs other foods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLilium martagon\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiliaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eay\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVegetable use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-038\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOriganum vulgare\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emadershguo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAerial parts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse as tea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthnobotanical inventory of the eat wild plants used by the Mongol herdsmen in Hormu (continued)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal Tuva names\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood part\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eServing type\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecimen no\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePicea schrenkiana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003echbe\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine resin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs other foods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePicea obovata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003echbe\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePine resin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs other foods\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePinus sibirca\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epoesh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor ripe fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRubus idaeus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etanghurai\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor ripe fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes meyeri\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egarahat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor ripe fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes nigrum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egarahat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor ripe fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRubus saxatilis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003earhahat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor ripe fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes altisismum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egezelhat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor ripe fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eRibes aciculare\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrossulariaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eduozhala\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMature fruits\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor ripe fruit\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eScirpus validus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLiliaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ejiucai\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVegetable use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVicia costata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeguminosae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esuoslenk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVegetable use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVicia lilacina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeguminosae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esuoslenk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhole plant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVegetable use\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePlants for Building Crafts\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlants for construction and crafts are plants used for the construction of houses, cattle and sheep pens, animal sheds and other living as well as livestock production facilities and for the production of folk transportation, household goods, production tools and crafts[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. The Tuva people chose to utilize plants for architectural crafts mainly in the form of woody plants, supplemented by herbaceous plants, and 29 specimens of plants used for architectural crafts were collected in the village of Womu, belonging to 9 families and 16 genera (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Tuva Mongols have a clear understanding of the plants used in the construction of different parts of the house. Conifers are used to build the walls and beams of the house, of which \u003cem\u003eLarix sibirica\u003c/em\u003e is considered to be the best material, characterized by hard wood and non-perishable; broad-leaved trees such as \u003cem\u003ePadus avium\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eBetula pendula\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePopulus candicans\u003c/em\u003e, etc. are commonly used for sledding and the construction of means of transportation and production tools such as doors and windows of houses and wine barrels; and shrubs such as \u003cem\u003eSpiraea alpina\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eCotoneaster multiflorus\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eJuniperus pseudosabina\u003c/em\u003e are used to make household items and utensils such as brooms, bowls and spoons.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a mountain-dwelling ethnic group, hunting is one of the most important forms of production for the Tuva Mongols. The Tuva people have a long history of using plants such as Picea obovata to make fur skis, Padus avium and Betula pendula to make sledges, and Cotoneaster melanocarpus and Salix matshudana to make bows and arrows for winter hunting and outdoor activities. Cotoneaster melanocarpus, Salix matshudana, and other plants used to make bows and arrows for hunting and outdoor activities in winter have a long history, and the region has been recognized as \"the origin of human skiing\" since 2006 when a number of international experts and scholars jointly issued the \"Altay Declaration\". Since the Chinese government banned hunting in the region in the 1980s, the Tuva Mongols no longer hunt, but the traditional skills of making bows and arrows, skis and sleds have been preserved, transforming hunting skills into winter recreation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCataloguing plants used in Tuva Mongolian folk architectural crafts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal Tuva names\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing parts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecimen no\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAbies sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezhuyihan\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstruction of houses, cattle and sheep pens\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchnatherum splendens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraminae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etrsen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking mats and brooms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBetula pendula\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBetulaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehadeng\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuddhist wicks, yurt skylights, carriage parts, saddles, insoles, knife sheaths\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone、Twig\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCannabis sativa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCannabaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ekeyender\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking twine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSstem and leaf\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-040\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCotoneaster melanocarpus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eergay\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking horsewhips, bows and arrows\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-030\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCotoneaster multiflorus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eergay\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking horsewhips, bows and arrows\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eCotoneaster uniflorus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eergay\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking horsewhips, bows and arrows\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus pseudosabina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCupressaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eartesh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking cutlery such as wan, spoons, etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk、Roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-037\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eJuniperus sabina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCupressaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eartesh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking cutlery such as wan, spoons, etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk、Roots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-036\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLarix sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eteet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurniture of all kinds、pail、Making a Bow and Arrow\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLonicera caerulea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaprifoliaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eshuoeltay\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrooms and toolholder\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-026\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLonicera tatarica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaprifoliaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eshuoeltay\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBrooms and toolholder\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-024\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePadus avium\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezhudera\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking sled parts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhrdgnmites australis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraminae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ehulusen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovered roofs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSstem and leaf\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePicea obovata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003echbe\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAntique Fur Skis、Furniture of all kinds、sledges、toolholder、\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePicea schrenkiana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003echbe\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurniture of all kinds、Making sled parts、toolholder\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePinus sibirca\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epoesh\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurniture of all kinds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePleurospermum uralense\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApiaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emandelash\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMusical instrument (flute) production\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePopulus alba\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eaktirk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConstruction of houses, cattle and sheep pens\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePopulus candicans\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etirk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking a barrel for making horsemilk wine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBase of trunk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-023\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePopulus nigra\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003egaratirk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovered roofs、Furniture of all kinds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-003\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePopulus tremulu\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esharalang\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovered roofs、Furniture of all kinds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSailx alba\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eaktael\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovered roofs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone、Twig\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSailx cinerea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etael\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovered roofs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone、Twig\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSailx rosmarinifolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etael\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCovered roofs\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBackbone、Twig\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSalix matshudana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSalicaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etael\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking a Bow and Arrow、Making Yurt Components\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwig\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpiraea alpina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esuyesken\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking horsewhips and brooms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpiraea chamaedryfolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esuyesken\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking horsewhips and brooms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpiraea media\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esuyesken\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaking horsewhips and brooms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStalk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLivestock feed plants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe people of Tuva have some traditional knowledge of plants used for livestock; 34 species of forage grasses belonging to 9 families and 17 genera were collected from interviews with local people (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e). Tuva people have long been in the process of grazing attention and found livestock favorite edible plants and toxic and harmful plants to livestock, folk believe that plants of the genus Aconitum is poisonous, livestock will be poisoned if they eat too much, and have a high level of awareness of toxic plants and harmful forage plants; reduce the accidental losses in the process of animal husbandry production. Of the 34 forage resource plants collected, Asteraceae accounted for more than 32.3%, followed by Labiatae at 15%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCataloguing of plants used for fodder in Tuva Mongolian folklore\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal Tuva names\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecimen no\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchillea ledebouri\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-033\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchillea setacea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-034\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia frigida\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchillea impatiens\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia sericea\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia sieversiana\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia vulggaris\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eAchillea asistica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eArtemisia altaica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eyerneb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eClematis integrifolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezhelbege\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eClematis songorica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezhelbege\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-017\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eChamerion angustifolium\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnagraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eboranot\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eClematis sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezhelbege\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eElymus sibiricus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraminae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esenot\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEquisetum fluviatile\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquisetaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEquisetum hyemale\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEquisetaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFragaria viridis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ejiestihat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eFragaria vesca\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRosaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eniekhat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-008\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eHordeum violaceum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraminae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLeymus chinensis\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraminae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esenot\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-006\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMedicago sativa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeguminosae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezhuoenshha\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDU-009\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMentha asiatica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ezhalbes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-039\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eOriganum vulgare\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emadershguo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-012\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePyrola rotundifolia\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePyrolaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esenot\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePnlomis oreophila\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esegen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-011\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhlomis tuberosa\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esgen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePnlomis alpina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabiatae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esegen\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTaraxacum bessarabicum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebahabak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-021\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTaraxacum lilacinum\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebahabak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-022\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTaraxacum bicorne\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAsteraceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebahabak\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-010\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrollius altaicus\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRanunculaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ematpuqieqiek\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-020\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVicia costata\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeguminosae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esuoslenk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVicia lilacina\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeguminosae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esuoslenk\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHY-019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDye plant\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThrough interviews and surveys, a total of three species of plants used for dyeing were collected in Tuva folklore (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e), belonging to two families and two genera; Tuva folklore has rich traditional dyeing knowledge, especially the selection of plant parts for dyeing, the selection of collection seasons, and dyeing techniques, which have formed a relatively systematic traditional dyeing knowledge and experience. The folk often use the roots of \u003cem\u003eBerberis heteropoda\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eBerberis sibirica\u003c/em\u003e and the bark of \u003cem\u003eLarix sibirica\u003c/em\u003e to dye, and it is believed that it is best to collect them in the fall. The collected roots and bark are chopped and boiled in water, and then after waiting for the boiling water to naturally cool down to room temperature, clothing, felt, leather ropes, and other items to be dyed are immersed in the water and dyed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCataloguing plants for dyeing\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eScientific name\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFamily\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLocal Tuva names\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing parts\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpecimen no\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBerberis heteropoda\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBerberidaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebuiranghat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eBerberis sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBerberidaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ebuiranghat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRoots\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHM-001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eLarix sibirica\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePinaceae\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eteet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTree bark\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMC-025\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe Tuva Mongolian people in China have created colorful traditional botanical knowledge and experience with certain regional characteristics. Although this paper salvages and organizes the traditional botanical knowledge of the Tuva folk, most of the people who provide this information are elderly, and the young people have vague traditional botanical knowledge of the Tuva folk, which is likely to disappear with the change of the social production mode and the improvement of the living standard of the Tuva folk, and this traditional botanical knowledge is also an important way to search for new medicines and new types of food. It should be further protected and excavated.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eMAR \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Mongolia Autonomous Region\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUAR \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Uygur Autonomous Region\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTCM \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Traditional Chinese Medicine\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTMM \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Traditional Mongolian Medicine\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to express their gratitude to the traditional healers and other local people who selflessly shared their knowledge of traditional ethnobotany. In addition, we would like to thank the members of the Hormu Village Council for their help. In addition, we would like to thank the ethnobotanists, taxonomists and Tuva Mongolians who contributed their time and expertise to the investigations during the study. We used GIS software and the https://www.gscloud.cn home page to create a map of the study area, and we are grateful to Mr Jiu Jiangtao for making the map.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUlan\u0026nbsp;Ushang\u0026nbsp;participated in research survey, data evaluation, and wrote the manuscript as the major contributor of the study. Bayandala contributed to the structure, discussion contents of the study, and helped with species identifcation. All authors read and approved the fnal manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.32260101).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePermission to conduct the ethnobotanical study was obtained from the district administration and village ofce in the study area. The purpose of the study was explained to all participants, and they agreed to provide information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur manuscript does not contain any individual\u0026rsquo;s person data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor details\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUlan\u0026middot;Ushang.\u0026nbsp;College of forestry and landscape architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCotton CM. Ethnobotany: principles and applications. Chichester: Wiley; 1996.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFord R. Ethnobotany: historical diversity and synthesis. University of Michigan: Michigan, 1978.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHarshberger JP. Purposes of Ethnobotany. Botanical Gazette. 1896;21(3):146\u0026ndash;54.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRakotoarivelo NH, Rakotoarivony F, Ramarosandratana AV, Jeannoda VH, Kuhlman AR, Randrianasolo A, Bussmann RW. Medicinal plants used to treat the most frequent diseases encountered in Ambalabe rural community, Eastern Madagascar. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2015;11:68.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGeng YF, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang LL, Wang YH. Research Development of Food Plant Ethnobotany-Bibliometric and Mapping Knowledge Domains Analysis Based on Web of Science. Plant Diversity. 2015;37(4):479\u0026ndash;90.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHimanshu S. Ashwani K. Ethnobotanical Research on Dye Plants Used by the Baiyi Indigenous People's from Heqing County, Dali, Yunnan, China. J Medicinal Plants Research. 2011;5(4):1107\u0026ndash;12.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSheng J P. Hamilton. Wang Y H. Vital roles for ethnobotany in conservation and sustainable development. Plant diversity. 2020;42(6):399\u0026ndash;400.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePei SJ, Huai HY. Ethnobotany. Shanghai: Shanghai Science and Technology Press; 2007.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePei SJ, Long CL. The applied ethnobotany. Yunnan: Yunnan Minority Press; 1998.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePei SJ. General Introduction to Three-decades Development of Ethnobotan.and Perspectives in China. 2011;20(2):5\u0026ndash;9.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFan RY, Gou W, Wang C. Ethnobotanical survey on mosquito-repellent plant used by Hani people in Xishuangbanna. 2019;39(3):359\u0026ndash;74.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiu YC, Dao ZL, Yang CY, Liu YT, Long CL. Medicinal plants used by Tibetans in Shangri-la, Yunnan, China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2009;5:15.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLong CL, Li SM, Long B, Shi YN, Liu BX. Medicinal plants used by the Yi ethnic group: a case study in central Yunnan. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2009;5:13.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHong LY, Guo ZY, Huang KH, Wei SJ, Liu B, Meng SW, Long CL. Ethnobotanical study on medicinal plants used by Maonan people in China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2015;11:32.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKhasbagan. Soyolt Indigenous knowledge for plant species diversity: a case study of wild plants' folk names used by the Mongolians in Ejina desert area, Inner Mongolia, P. R. China. J Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2008,4:2.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSachula. Geilebagan. Zhang YY. Wild edible plants collected and consumed by the locals in Daqinggou, Inner Mongolia, China. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed.2020;1:60.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWurchaih, Huar, Khasbagan. Medicinal wild plants used by the Mongolherdsmen in Bairin Area of Inner Mongolia and its comparative study between TMM and TCM. J. Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine.2019,15:1.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBayandala, Garisangaolibu, Khasbagan. Studies on Medical Ethnobotany of the Olot Mongolians in Xinjiang, China. Chinese journal of ethnomedicine and ethnophamacy, 2010;19(03):1\u0026ndash;4.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXiong ZX. Yunnan Resource Botany. Kunming: Yunnan Education Publishing House, 1997.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Chinese Hormu Village, Tuva Mongols, Traditional Botanical Knowledge, Ethnobotany","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4565342/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4565342/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTuva is one of the ancient and mysterious Mongolian tribes; since ancient times, it has accumulated a wealth of traditional botanical knowledge and experience in a unique natural environment through its particular productive lifestyle of nomadic herding and hunting. This study investigated the utilization of traditional medicinal plant knowledge, traditional food plant knowledge, traditional building craft plant knowledge, traditional dye plant knowledge and folkloric forage plant awareness among the Tuva Mongols in China; the results of the study are of great significance for the conservation of traditional botanical knowledge of the Tuva Mongols and the diversity of plant culture, which is being rapidly lost.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study used ethnobotanical research methods to carry out a study on traditional botanical knowledge of Tuva folk, documenting and organizing the traditional knowledge and experience of Tuva Mongolian folk in the use of wild plant resources. Folk names of plants and plant uses were recorded through interviews, while evidence plant specimens were collected and the plants were identified.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 95 species of traditional plants belonging to 25 families and 50 genera have been collected from the Tuva folklore; including 55 species of medicinal plants, 24 species of edible plants, 34 species of animal fodder, 29 species of building crafts and 3 species of dyes. The knowledge of medicinal plants includes the selection of medicinal parts of plants, the understanding of their functions and main treatment, and the practice of medicinal methods; Knowledge of wild edible plants can be categorized into five types: folk wild vegetable, wild ripe fruit, tea, seasoning, and other edible plants; asteraceae made up most of the forage plants at 32.3%, followed by Labiatae at 15%; traditional botanical knowledge for building crafts is mainly reflected in the construction of means of transportation, houses and barns, and the manufacture of utensils, musical instruments and handicrafts; knowledge of plants used for dyeing is reflected in the selection of plant parts for dyeing, the choice of collection seasons, and dyeing techniques.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTuva Mongols have a rich traditional botanical knowledge with certain regional characteristics, and this study also reveals the multifunctional use of these plants, not only as medicine, but also for food and other cultural applications. Reflecting the deep ecological wisdom of the Tuva Mongols and their harmonious coexistence with nature, this traditional botanical knowledge should be further explored and developed.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Study on Traditional Botanical Knowledge of the Tuva Mongolians in Xinjiang, China","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-11 06:24:30","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4565342/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9d42243f-e28f-4ce5-9245-1039b369c54d","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 11th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-09-19T03:19:01+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-07-11 06:24:30","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4565342","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4565342","identity":"rs-4565342","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}