A Privacy Preserving E-Voting System with Two-Phase Verification based on Ethereum Blockchain

A Privacy Preserving E-Voting System with Two-Phase Verification based on Ethereum Blockchain | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Privacy Preserving E-Voting System with Two-Phase Verification based on Ethereum Blockchain Jitendra Goyal, Mushtaq Ahmed, Dinesh Gopalani This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1729918/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In recent years, With the rapid development of blockchain technol- ogy, there has been an increased interest in solving various opera- tional challenges. For the e-voting system at present, voter’s privacy, immutability of votes and third party dependency are major issues. These issues can very well be solved by blockchain technology. In this paper, we have proposed a decentralized framework for e-voting based on blockchain technology that contributes significantly to the implementation paradigm. We have implemented it on the Ethereum platform and developed a fully functional smart contract to store and validate votes. The research provides deep insight into the design of smart contract transactions in an e-voting system from a computa- tional cost perspective. In order to authenticate the voters, We have done voter verification in two phases. In the first phase, the voter reg- isters through a secure code, whose(code) Keccak-256 hash is stored on the blockchain, and in the second phase, the voter is verified by the managing authority. Based on the literature review, we found a lack of standardization for blockchain-based e-voting systems. So we have tried to fill this gap of standardization. In addition, we have also inspectedour model against various security attacks and found that our model is robust against double-spend attack, re-entrancy attack, DDoS etc. E-voting system Blockchain Ethereum Keccak-256 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1729918","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":111913261,"identity":"08b94b23-bd4c-4d45-b25b-da049e20b342","order_by":0,"name":"Jitendra Goyal","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA90lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACfmbGxgdAWo6NvRHEkIAIJ+DRItne3GwApI35eQ4fBjIkJAhqMThzvA2kKnHmjLQ0EEOCsMtuJDYbV9TcSdxw5oxZ1c0dFnUM7IcfMDzcgVsH44zExodnjj0z3nC8x+x27hmgw3jSDBgSz+DWwiyR2GzY2HBYFmTL7dw2kF9ygO5sw62FTSKxTRKohXHDjRyzYrAW/jf4tfDwHARrUQR5nxmsRYKALRLsjc2GDUC/gAJZGqhFsk3imcEBfFrsD7M/fNhQcwcclZ9z2+r4+fmTHz78iUcLFBxA8h0qlxgto2AUjIJRMArQAQASslbRf2zUIAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jitendra","middleName":"","lastName":"Goyal","suffix":""},{"id":111913262,"identity":"d697c3a6-02fe-4b0f-a538-d9c4f9538868","order_by":1,"name":"Mushtaq Ahmed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mushtaq","middleName":"","lastName":"Ahmed","suffix":""},{"id":111913263,"identity":"ecb52a29-5d47-4108-bea4-cba1f9f83ee9","order_by":2,"name":"Dinesh Gopalani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Malaviya National Institute of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dinesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Gopalani","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-06-06 10:29:17","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1729918/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1729918/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":27506452,"identity":"513d3725-57d4-4b13-a3ea-14d94e12e3a9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-10-08 18:59:29","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":682215,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"JournalofSupercomputing1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1729918/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":22654116,"identity":"cbd34064-f14f-4e4c-bcb8-0b0bae71522f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-06-14 19:29:02","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":682329,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"JournalofSupercomputing1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1729918/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"A Privacy Preserving E-Voting System with Two-Phase Verification based on Ethereum Blockchain","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-1729918/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"E-voting system, Blockchain, Ethereum, Keccak-256","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1729918/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1729918/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn recent years, With the rapid development of blockchain technol- ogy, there has been an increased interest in solving various opera- tional challenges. For the e-voting system at present, voter’s privacy, immutability of votes and third party dependency are major issues. These issues can very well be solved by blockchain technology. In this paper, we have proposed a decentralized framework for e-voting based on blockchain technology that contributes significantly to the implementation paradigm. We have implemented it on the Ethereum platform and developed a fully functional smart contract to store and validate votes. The research provides deep insight into the design of smart contract transactions in an e-voting system from a computa- tional cost perspective. In order to authenticate the voters, We have done voter verification in two phases. In the first phase, the voter reg- isters through a secure code, whose(code) Keccak-256 hash is stored on the blockchain, and in the second phase, the voter is verified by the managing authority. 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