A comprehensive analysis of grazing: Improving management for environmental health

In an effort to combat the dual climate and biodiversity crises, the international community has put forth targets to reduce emissions and protect species. Habitat degradation is at the fore in driving species extinctions and carbon loss, creating an urgent need to examine our land-use practices if we are to meet international goals. Individual nations will have differing needs and approaches to reaching these objectives based on their landscapes, industries, and levels of historic overuse. In the United States, grazing is the leading land-use, making up approximately one-third of the country. Here we present a broad-scale analysis of how grazing effects the environment and examine how this land-use plays out across the U.S. This review can help policy makers and land managers strategically assess grazing lands as we work towards a national landscape that supports equitable ecosystem services, sustainable livelihoods, and climate resilience. Highlights Livestock grazing can have a multitude of effects on local ecosystems often causing habitat degradation and loss. As this land-use makes up a third of U.S. lands, improving grazing practices could provide significant benefits for the environment. To our knowledge, this is the largest review of U.S. grazing to date. We explore how grazing affects six elements of the environment across the country. While the majority of literature discusses negative implications related to grazing, our results indicate that regions are affected differently, and that management and livestock-type also contribute to the overall environmental impact.