Influence of Smartphone Usage on Development of Sexuality Among Late Adolescent Boys in Health Sciences Colleges of South India

Influence of Smartphone Usage on Development of Sexuality Among Late Adolescent Boys in Health Sciences Colleges of South India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Influence of Smartphone Usage on Development of Sexuality Among Late Adolescent Boys in Health Sciences Colleges of South India Sharath M Manya, Jayashree K, Prasanna Mithra, Preeti M Galagali This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1800750/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose The present study aimed to understand the existing smartphone usage pattern among late adolescents and their association with the development of adolescent male sexuality. Demography: Medical, dental, and allied health sciences male students of Asian origin, aged between 18 and 19 years. Study Settings: Medical university in Mangalore, an urban area in the South Indian State of Karnataka. Methodology: This institution-based cross-sectional study. A pre-validated semi-structured questionnaire (Google form) was electronically mailed to all participants willing to participate in the study, and responses were collected after collecting the informed consent from each participant. Analysis: Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. The influence between smartphone usage and sexuality development was done using the Chi-square test and independent-sample t-test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Findings: Half of the late adolescents have PSU, living with family being a protective factor for PSU. Friends and media remain among the leading sources for raising awareness about male pubertal changes. Pornographic content is accessed through smartphones. Adolescents late adolescents smartphone sexuality smartphone usage Figures Figure 1 Introduction Adolescents' psychological well-being and overall health are major concerns worldwide. ( 1 ) It is a critical period in human growth, and many behavioural patterns emerge during this period, which persist throughout life. ( 2 ) Adolescents engage in life-threatening behaviours such as alcohol and substance use, unsafe sex, poor eating, and heightened risk-taking, which affects their psychological well-being. ( 1 )( 3 ) According to the 2011 census, in India, 1/4th of the population are adolescents (253 million), 54% belong to the 10–14 age group, and nearly 46% are in the 15–19 years of age. ( 4 ) Adolescents are highly attracted to modern technologies since they are psycho-socially immature and are more prone to smartphone addiction due to influence from the environment and peers. ( 5 ) Reports highlight that adolescents are highly addicted to smartphones, equivalent to substance and various types of behavioural addiction. ( 6 ) A meta-analysis by Davey et al. showed the prevalence of smartphone abuse among Indian adolescents to be around 39% − 44%. ( 7 ) A study has documented that problematic smartphone use (PSU) is defined as "an inability to regulate one's use of the smartphone, which eventually involves negative consequences in daily life". ( 8 ) The term sexual orientation is referred to the sex to whom the individuals are sexually or romantically attracted. Gender identity refers to the individuals' fundamental sense of being male, female, transgender, or something else. Gender orientation is biologically determined, and sexual expressions have many external influencers like media. Adolescents with PSU are highly exposed to viewing sexualized content through videos and reality programs. Apart from these sources, social media platforms and various mobile applications have increased sexual content. ( 9 ) Adolescents are more frequently engaged in online sex chat, thereby exposed to cyberbullying and harassment. ( 10 ) PSU may lead to a trait of impulsiveness, which orchestrates a pivotal role in an increased number of sexual partners. ( 11 ) In this scenario, the present study aimed to understand the existing smartphone usage pattern among late adolescents and their association with the development of adolescent male sexuality. Methodology This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical, dental, and allied health sciences male students of Asian origin, aged between 18 and 19 years and studying at a medical university in Mangalore, an urban area in the South Indian State of Karnataka. Late adolescent boys who were not willing to participate were termed non-responders and excluded from the study. The study was conducted between November 2019 to September 2020. We followed the convenience sampling method for recruiting the study participants. We commenced the study with the approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) and the Head of the Institute. Eligible participants were contacted individually through the MS Teams platform. The study's purpose, the role of their participation, study procedure, and confidentiality were explained, and informed consent was taken from each. Following the consenting process, a pre-validated semi-structured questionnaire (Google form) was electronically mailed to all participants willing to participate in the study, and responses were collected. Students who had not completed the Google form were reminded to use a WhatsApp message (After 24 hours of sending the questionnaire) and telephonic conversation (After 48 hours of sending the questionnaire). The questionnaire included demographic details, The Smartphone Addiction Scale – short version (SAS-SV), and questions on gender identity, sexual orientation, sources of information regarding pubertal changes, and body image issues. Smartphone usage and addiction using SAS-SV developed by Kwon et al. ( 12 ) Scale consist of 10 items, 6 points Likert type scale. The scale items were scored from 1 to 6, with one being "Strongly disagree" and six beings "Strongly agree". The total score was possible between 10 to 60, with higher scores indicating higher smartphone addiction chances. Based on a previous study's findings, the cut-off for smartphone addiction was determined to be 31 for the present study. ( 12 ) Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results were expressed as proportion and summary measures (mean with standard deviation) using appropriate tables and figures. The influence between smartphone usage and sexuality development was done using the Chi-square test and independent-sample t-test. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 149 students were screened, and nine were excluded from the study for being over-aged. Six of the remaining 140 students were unwilling to participate in this study; hence, they were excluded. The response rate was 95.7%. Out of the 134 students, 98 were medical students, 20 were dental students, and 16 belonged to allied health sciences. Among the students, 90.3% were permanent residents of India, followed by 6.7% non-residential Indians and 3% foreign nationals. Most of the students resided in the hostel (85.1%), while 13.4% lived at home, and 1.5% stayed in an apartment with friends. In the present study, based on the predetermined cut-off score of 31 on SAS-SV, the prevalence of problematic smartphone use (PSU) was 45.5% among the students. In this study, (as shown in Figure 1), 85 students obtained information about pubertal changes from friends, followed by books/magazines (81), schoolteachers (79), and movies (78). In contrast, lesser adolescents turned to their mother (16), father (17), and doctors (25) for information related to pubertal changes. As shown in Table 1, regarding sexual orientation and gender identity among the students, 3% desired to wear the dress of the opposite sex, while 94.8 % did not, and 2.2% were unsure. Among these students, 87.3% were happy with their current sexual identity, while 7.5% wanted to be members of the opposite sex. 86.6% of students were comfortable with their genitalia, while 10.4% were unsatisfied. Romantic feelings towards the opposite sex were normal by 91.8% of the students, while 5.2% felt abnormal, and 3% were unsure. Of these students, 88% were attracted to the opposite sex, 6% were attracted to the same sex, and 6% were attracted to both sexes. Table 2 shows no significant association between PSU and gender identity nor PSU and sexual orientation. Regarding the knowledge about adolescent sexuality, 72% attended classes on the topics related to sex in schools, 19% had not attended, and 9% were not sure. Regarding normal male sexuality, 92.5% of the students were aware of the mental changes happening during puberty, 90.3% were aware that adolescence was the final chance for growth (final height), and 83.6% of the study population indulged in masturbation. Among the adolescents who indulged in masturbation, 28% felt guilty after masturbation, 30% felt masturbation caused severe damage to health, and 99.1% of the students preferred masturbation in private and thought it was not customary to masturbate in public. In our study, 90% of students had watched pornographic content, one of the students had watched it when he was nine years old, 4.2% watched porn content before they turned 10, and 58% watched porn content between 15-18 years. Most of the students (95%) desired to watch the porn content alone, and 90.8% watched the porn content through smartphones. Regarding the frequency of porn content, 45% viewed it less than once a week, and 37% watched it 2-3 times a week. Our study did not find a statistically significant association between PSU and exposure to pornographic content, as shown in Table 3. After watching the pornographic content, the psychological behaviour shows that 7.5% of the students felt an altered perception of communicating with the opposite sex, 11.7% responded that watching porn content had altered the study pattern, and 12.5% answered that it affected their academic performance. However, 71% of the students revealed that they have been sexting at least once. Discussion Sexuality is a normal phenomenon during adolescence, showing interest in the desired activity, orientation, and preference. Adolescent sexuality includes an array of factors such as having intimate partnerships, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, and culture. ( 13 ) Adolescent sexuality development correlates better with the bio-psycho-social model. ( 14 ) The array of biological, psychological, and social factors orchestrates a predominant role in adolescent sexuality progression. Social factors such as parents' attitudes related to sexuality, parenting style, relationship with peers, and the culture's influence are the significant attributes of the adolescent sexual attitude. ( 15 ) Recently, the media also greatly influences adolescent sexuality. Adolescents have easy access to information containing sexuality, sex crimes, and violence through media, which influences adolescents' perceptions and attitudes toward sexuality. ( 16 ) Further, television and the internet give fast access to sexual content, altering the adolescent perception of sexuality. ( 17 ) Smartphone provides various benefits such as fast internet, video calling, easy access to social media, and gaming. ( 18 ) Increased smartphone use leads to addiction behaviour. One commonly referred to term is Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU), similar to behavioural addiction such as substance-related, gambling, and internet addiction disorder. ( 19 ) Adolescents are more vulnerable to problematic smartphone use due to an imbalance between the reward and behavioural control systems. ( 20 ) A recent meta-analysis shows that Indian adolescents are highly addicted to smartphones and have problematic sexual behaviour. ( 7 ) So, we carried out the present study to evaluate the impact of problematic smartphone use on male adolescent sexuality development. The prevalence of smartphone addiction based on the SAS-SV cut-off score of 31 was found to be 45.5%, which reflects a higher PSU as compared to Chinese students (38.5), ( 21 ) European country Belgium (21.5%) and American university students (20.1%). This discrepancy might be due to differences in sampling methods, the rapid development of telecommunication with cheaper and fast internet, and an increase in budget smartphones in India. ( 22 ) In our study, transvestism, is observed in 3% of the students. Among the participants, 10.4% reported dissatisfaction with their genitals. Men's attitudes toward genitals have been shown to affect their psychological status. Thus in men with dissatisfied genitals, it creates a state of insecurity, and in men, with contented genitals, it gives confidence. ( 23 ) Most of the participants, 91.8%, thought romantic feelings toward their female counterparts were normal. Romantic relationship during adolescence is highly essential for their development and well-being. Further, it has some positive association with the development of personal identity, self-esteem, and social competence and is helpful for career planning. It has been positively associated with forming personal identity, adaptability to change, self-esteem, social competence, and even academic achievement and career planning. ( 24 ) Late adolescence (16–18 years) is when consolidation of romantic bonds occurs, elevating the risk of a poorer quality romantic relationship. ( 25 ) In our study, normal romantic relationships towards the opposite sex might be due to more preference for cyber-relationship applications like web chats and social networking chat rooms. These social networking chat rooms offer online romantic relations, which might get heightened by excessive or problematic internet use. ( 26 ) We report 6% of same-sex attraction among the students; however, in a study done by Nama et al. among Canadian medical students in Ottawa, 18% of the medical students are involved in same-sex attraction or gay behaviour. ( 27 ) Further, our study has reported no significant association between sexual orientation, gender identity, and PSU. In this study, a higher number of students (85%) obtained information regarding the pubertal changes from their friends. Previous studies also reveal that males share information regarding puberty and first wet dreams among their friends. ( 28 ) A study done by Kumar et al. Shows that 97.1% of students like to have sex education during the school life period. In this study, 72% of adolescents attended sex education in schools. (29) Further, it has been reported that genital growth in boys is also associated with altered cognitive functions. ( 30 ) In this study, 92.5% of students are aware of mental changes during puberty, 90.3% aware that adolescence is a final chance of growth, and 83.6% of students had self-explored genitalia. In this study, 28% of students felt guilty after masturbation, 30% felt masturbation could induce severe damage to health, and 99.1% preferred private masturbating practice and not in public. To our report, a study conducted among Chinese students showed an association between floating anxiety and somatic and hysterical symptoms with masturbation. ( 31 ) In our study, 90% of the students had viewed porn content, comparable to other studies done among adolescent boys in Sweden (98%) and Australia (87%). ( 32 ) In the current study, 45% viewed porn content less than once a week, and 37% watched it 2–3 times a week, which is higher compared to a study done among Polish students, where 34% viewed pornographic content once a week and 24% few times a week. ( 33 ) In this study, watching pornographic content has not influenced the students' psychological behaviour and study pattern. Similar to our report, a study conducted on Croatian adolescents showed that viewing pornography displayed no significant harmful alteration in adolescent subjective well-being, depression or anxiety, and self-esteem. ( 34 ) In a study done by Sandra Šević et al. among Croatian adolescents, watching porn content or sexually explicit material online has not affected their academic grades, study pattern, and well-being. ( 35 ) In contrast to our report, Beyens et al. reported watching online pornographic content has a negative association with students' academic performance when compared between baseline and six months. ( 36 ) Further, we did not observe a significant association between problematic smartphone use and exposure to pornographic content. Conclusions Nearly half of late adolescents have PSU, living with family being a protective factor for PSU. Friends and media remain among the leading sources for raising awareness about male pubertal changes. Pornographic content is accessed through smartphones. Implications To formulate structured awareness programs to be carried out by health professionals and educate parents about handling adolescent issues. 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Declarations Funding: The research received no specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Presentation : Award-winning oral presentation in E-Adolescon, 20 th National Conference of Adolescent Health Academy, Indian Academy of Pediatrics held on 07 th & 08 th November 2020. Abbreviations PSU - Problematic Smartphone Use IEC - Institutional Ethics Committee SAS-SV - Smartphone Addiction Scale – short version Tables Table 1 Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation Yes n (%) No n (%) Don't know n (%) Do you like wearing clothes of the opposite sex? 04 (03.0) 127 (94.8) 03 (02.2) Would you like to be a member of the opposite sex? 10 (07.5) 117 (87.3) 07 (05.2) Do you feel uncomfortable with your genitalia? 14 (10.4) 116 (86.6) 04 (03.0) Do you feel romantic feeling toward the opposite sex is normal? 123 (91.8) 07 (05.2) 04 (03.0) Do you have attraction/feelings towards another person of the opposite sex? 123 (91.8) 04 (03.0) 07 (05.2) Do you have attraction/feelings towards another person of the same sex? 08 (06.0) 119 (88.8) 07 (05.2) Do you have attractions/feelings toward people of both sexes? 08 (06.0) 114 (85.1) 12 (09.0) Table 2 Effect of PSU on Gender Identity and sexual orientation Problematic Smartphone usage P-value No n (%) Yes n (%) Liking wearing clothes of the opposite sex No 71 (54.6) 59 (45.4) 1 Yes 02 (50.0) 02 (50.0) Liking to be a member of the opposite sex No 69 (55.6) 55 (44.4) 0.511 Yes 04 (40.0) 06 (60.0) Feeling uncomfortable with own genitalia No 65 (54.2) 55 (45.8) 1 Yes 08 (57.1) 06 (42.9) Feeling that romantic feeling toward the opposite sex is normal No 08 (72.7) 03 (27.3) 0.344 Yes 65 (52.8) 58 (47.1) Having attraction/feeling towards another person of the opposite sex No 06 (54.5) 05 (45.5) 1 Yes 67 (54.5) 56 (45.5) Having attraction/feeling towards another person of the same sex No 67 (53.2) 59 (46.8) 0.290 Yes 06 (75.0) 02 (25.0) Having attractions/feelings toward people of both sexes No 66 (53.7) 60 (46.3) 0.071 Yes 07 (87.5) 01 (12.5) Table 3: Association between smartphone usage and pornography Problematic smartphone usage P-value No (n=66) n (%) Yes (n=54) n (%) At what age did you first watch a pornographic movie (PORN)? Mean (SD) 14.43 (1.99) 15.16 (2.16) 0.056 How frequently do you watch PORN? ≤once a week 29 (43.9) 25 (46.3) 0.841 ≥once a day 07 (10.6) 04 (07.4) 2-3 times a week 23 (34.8) 21 (38.8) once a day 7 (10.6) 04 (07.4) Does it affect academic performance? No 60 (90.9) 46 (85.2) 0.331 Yes 6 (9.1) 8 (14.8) Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1800750","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":121781179,"identity":"9494bc77-3677-43d5-8b8b-0525cf635fe2","order_by":0,"name":"Sharath M Manya","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sharath","middleName":"M","lastName":"Manya","suffix":""},{"id":121781180,"identity":"7147c098-610e-475b-80a7-a17bd3bd7db9","order_by":1,"name":"Jayashree K","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC9gYgwQgiGNgYHwBJHgYGZiCXDbcWRiQtzAYQLYzEa2GTQIjh09J+xvDjzx335PgZ2NKqbtTckTFnP9jA8KHsMG4tPTnG0rxnio0lG9iO3c459ozHsiexgXHGOTxaGnIMpBnbEhI3HGBvu53DdpjH4EBiAzNvGx4t/W+Mf/5sS6jfD9RSnPMPqOX8wwbmv3i0CM7IMZPgbUtIMGBgO8ac2wbUcgNoCyMeLdISz8qsgVoMZxxmS5bO7TvMYznjYcPBnnPpOLXw8Sdvvgl0mDx/e5vh55xvh+3N+ZMPPvhRZo1TCwMDhwGEZobyQdwDeNQDAfsDVL4BfuWjYBSMglEwAgEAiP1YC2X1AUUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jayashree","middleName":"","lastName":"K","suffix":""},{"id":121781181,"identity":"73ef13fa-1936-4c92-8b50-7d3393956db7","order_by":2,"name":"Prasanna Mithra","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Prasanna","middleName":"","lastName":"Mithra","suffix":""},{"id":121781183,"identity":"ddd9409f-5f6c-4c86-b5b0-57e481bc3fd7","order_by":3,"name":"Preeti M Galagali","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Adolescent Health, Bangalore Adolescent Care \u0026 Counselling Centre","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Preeti","middleName":"M","lastName":"Galagali","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-06-27 16:59:19","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1800750/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1800750/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":24313850,"identity":"c561ecab-f30c-4c9b-947c-1220672bbde6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-07-25 21:23:50","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":19921,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSource for understanding pubertal changes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1800750/v1/90263512c906c7f268cea36f.png"},{"id":24313851,"identity":"52472e4a-77cb-41c2-9b70-5b2d9f80d44e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-07-25 21:23:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":550320,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1800750/v1/048746d4-1bc4-4ed9-9689-2cfa4c910d99.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eInfluence of Smartphone Usage on Development of Sexuality Among Late Adolescent Boys in Health Sciences Colleges of South India\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAdolescents' psychological well-being and overall health are major concerns worldwide. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e It is a critical period in human growth, and many behavioural patterns emerge during this period, which persist throughout life. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Adolescents engage in life-threatening behaviours such as alcohol and substance use, unsafe sex, poor eating, and heightened risk-taking, which affects their psychological well-being. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e According to the 2011 census, in India, 1/4th of the population are adolescents (253\u0026nbsp;million), 54% belong to the 10\u0026ndash;14 age group, and nearly 46% are in the 15\u0026ndash;19 years of age. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Adolescents are highly attracted to modern technologies since they are psycho-socially immature and are more prone to smartphone addiction due to influence from the environment and peers. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Reports highlight that adolescents are highly addicted to smartphones, equivalent to substance and various types of behavioural addiction. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e A meta-analysis by Davey et al. showed the prevalence of smartphone abuse among Indian adolescents to be around 39% \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;44%. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e A study has documented that problematic smartphone use (PSU) is defined as \"an inability to regulate one's use of the smartphone, which eventually involves negative consequences in daily life\".\u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e The term sexual orientation is referred to the sex to whom the individuals are sexually or romantically attracted. Gender identity refers to the individuals' fundamental sense of being male, female, transgender, or something else. Gender orientation is biologically determined, and sexual expressions have many external influencers like media.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdolescents with PSU are highly exposed to viewing sexualized content through videos and reality programs. Apart from these sources, social media platforms and various mobile applications have increased sexual content. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Adolescents are more frequently engaged in online sex chat, thereby exposed to cyberbullying and harassment. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e PSU may lead to a trait of impulsiveness, which orchestrates a pivotal role in an increased number of sexual partners. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this scenario, the present study aimed to understand the existing smartphone usage pattern among late adolescents and their association with the development of adolescent male sexuality.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the medical, dental, and allied health sciences male students of Asian origin, aged between 18 and 19 years and studying at a medical university in Mangalore, an urban area in the South Indian State of Karnataka. Late adolescent boys who were not willing to participate were termed non-responders and excluded from the study. The study was conducted between November 2019 to September 2020. We followed the convenience sampling method for recruiting the study participants.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e We commenced the study with the approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) and the Head of the Institute. Eligible participants were contacted individually through the MS Teams platform. The study's purpose, the role of their participation, study procedure, and confidentiality were explained, and informed consent was taken from each. Following the consenting process, a pre-validated semi-structured questionnaire (Google form) was electronically mailed to all participants willing to participate in the study, and responses were collected. Students who had not completed the Google form were reminded to use a WhatsApp message (After 24 hours of sending the questionnaire) and telephonic conversation (After 48 hours of sending the questionnaire).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire included demographic details, The Smartphone Addiction Scale \u0026ndash; short version (SAS-SV), and questions on gender identity, sexual orientation, sources of information regarding pubertal changes, and body image issues. Smartphone usage and addiction using SAS-SV developed by Kwon et al.\u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Scale consist of 10 items, 6 points Likert type scale. The scale items were scored from 1 to 6, with one being \"Strongly disagree\" and six beings \"Strongly agree\". The total score was possible between 10 to 60, with higher scores indicating higher smartphone addiction chances. Based on a previous study's findings, the cut-off for smartphone addiction was determined to be 31 for the present study. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eData analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results were expressed as proportion and summary measures (mean with standard deviation) using appropriate tables and figures. The influence between smartphone usage and sexuality development was done using the Chi-square test and independent-sample t-test. A p-value of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eA total of 149 students were screened, and nine were excluded from the study for being over-aged. Six of the remaining 140 students were unwilling to participate in this study; hence, they were excluded. The response rate was 95.7%. Out of the 134 students, 98 were medical students, 20 were dental students, and 16 belonged to allied health sciences. Among the students, 90.3% were permanent residents of India, followed by 6.7% non-residential Indians and 3% foreign nationals. Most of the students resided in the hostel (85.1%), while 13.4% lived at home, and 1.5% stayed in an apartment with friends.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the present study, based on the predetermined cut-off score of 31 on SAS-SV, the prevalence of problematic smartphone use (PSU) was 45.5% among the students.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, (as shown in Figure 1), 85 students obtained information about pubertal changes from friends, followed by books/magazines (81), schoolteachers (79), and movies (78). In contrast, lesser adolescents turned to their mother (16), father (17), and doctors (25) for information related to pubertal changes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table 1, regarding sexual orientation and gender identity among the students, 3% desired to wear the dress of the opposite sex, while 94.8 % did not, and 2.2% were unsure. Among these students, 87.3% were happy with their current sexual identity, while 7.5% wanted to be members of the opposite sex. 86.6% of students were comfortable with their genitalia, while 10.4% were unsatisfied. Romantic feelings towards the opposite sex were normal by 91.8% of the students, while 5.2% felt abnormal, and 3% were unsure. Of these students, 88% were attracted to the opposite sex, 6% were attracted to the same sex, and 6% were attracted to both sexes.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2 shows no significant association between PSU and gender identity nor PSU and sexual orientation. Regarding the knowledge about adolescent sexuality, 72% attended classes on the topics related to sex in schools, 19% had not attended, and 9% were not sure.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding normal male sexuality, 92.5% of the students were aware of the mental changes happening during puberty, 90.3% were aware that adolescence was the final chance for growth (final height), and 83.6% of the study population indulged in masturbation. Among the adolescents who indulged in masturbation, 28% felt guilty after masturbation, 30% felt masturbation caused severe damage to health, and 99.1% of the students preferred masturbation in private and thought it was not customary to masturbate in public.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn our study, 90% of students had watched pornographic content, one of the students had watched it when he was nine years old, 4.2% watched porn content before they turned 10, and 58% watched porn content between 15-18 years. Most of the students (95%) desired to watch the porn content alone, and 90.8% watched the porn content through smartphones. Regarding the frequency of porn content, 45% viewed it less than once a week, and 37% watched it 2-3 times a week.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOur study did not find a statistically significant association between PSU and exposure to pornographic content, as shown in Table 3. After watching the pornographic content, the psychological behaviour shows that 7.5% of the students felt an altered perception of communicating with the opposite sex, 11.7% responded that watching porn content had altered the study pattern, and 12.5% answered that it affected their academic performance. However, 71% of the students revealed that they have been sexting at least once. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eSexuality is a normal phenomenon during adolescence, showing interest in the desired activity, orientation, and preference. Adolescent sexuality includes an array of factors such as having intimate partnerships, gender identity, sexual orientation, religion, and culture. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Adolescent sexuality development correlates better with the bio-psycho-social model. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e The array of biological, psychological, and social factors orchestrates a predominant role in adolescent sexuality progression. Social factors such as parents' attitudes related to sexuality, parenting style, relationship with peers, and the culture's influence are the significant attributes of the adolescent sexual attitude. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Recently, the media also greatly influences adolescent sexuality. Adolescents have easy access to information containing sexuality, sex crimes, and violence through media, which influences adolescents' perceptions and attitudes toward sexuality. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurther, television and the internet give fast access to sexual content, altering the adolescent perception of sexuality. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Smartphone provides various benefits such as fast internet, video calling, easy access to social media, and gaming. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Increased smartphone use leads to addiction behaviour. One commonly referred to term is Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU), similar to behavioural addiction such as substance-related, gambling, and internet addiction disorder. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Adolescents are more vulnerable to problematic smartphone use due to an imbalance between the reward and behavioural control systems. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e A recent meta-analysis shows that Indian adolescents are highly addicted to smartphones and have problematic sexual behaviour. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e So, we carried out the present study to evaluate the impact of problematic smartphone use on male adolescent sexuality development.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of smartphone addiction based on the SAS-SV cut-off score of 31 was found to be 45.5%, which reflects a higher PSU as compared to Chinese students (38.5),\u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e European country Belgium (21.5%) and American university students (20.1%). This discrepancy might be due to differences in sampling methods, the rapid development of telecommunication with cheaper and fast internet, and an increase in budget smartphones in India. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn our study, transvestism, is observed in 3% of the students. Among the participants, 10.4% reported dissatisfaction with their genitals. Men's attitudes toward genitals have been shown to affect their psychological status. Thus in men with dissatisfied genitals, it creates a state of insecurity, and in men, with contented genitals, it gives confidence. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Most of the participants, 91.8%, thought romantic feelings toward their female counterparts were normal. Romantic relationship during adolescence is highly essential for their development and well-being. Further, it has some positive association with the development of personal identity, self-esteem, and social competence and is helpful for career planning. It has been positively associated with forming personal identity, adaptability to change, self-esteem, social competence, and even academic achievement and career planning. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Late adolescence (16\u0026ndash;18 years) is when consolidation of romantic bonds occurs, elevating the risk of a poorer quality romantic relationship. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e In our study, normal romantic relationships towards the opposite sex might be due to more preference for cyber-relationship applications like web chats and social networking chat rooms. These social networking chat rooms offer online romantic relations, which might get heightened by excessive or problematic internet use. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e We report 6% of same-sex attraction among the students; however, in a study done by Nama et al. among Canadian medical students in Ottawa, 18% of the medical students are involved in same-sex attraction or gay behaviour. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Further, our study has reported no significant association between sexual orientation, gender identity, and PSU. In this study, a higher number of students (85%) obtained information regarding the pubertal changes from their friends. Previous studies also reveal that males share information regarding puberty and first wet dreams among their friends. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA study done by Kumar et al. Shows that 97.1% of students like to have sex education during the school life period. In this study, 72% of adolescents attended sex education in schools. (29) Further, it has been reported that genital growth in boys is also associated with altered cognitive functions. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e In this study, 92.5% of students are aware of mental changes during puberty, 90.3% aware that adolescence is a final chance of growth, and 83.6% of students had self-explored genitalia.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, 28% of students felt guilty after masturbation, 30% felt masturbation could induce severe damage to health, and 99.1% preferred private masturbating practice and not in public. To our report, a study conducted among Chinese students showed an association between floating anxiety and somatic and hysterical symptoms with masturbation. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn our study, 90% of the students had viewed porn content, comparable to other studies done among adolescent boys in Sweden (98%) and Australia (87%). \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e In the current study, 45% viewed porn content less than once a week, and 37% watched it 2\u0026ndash;3 times a week, which is higher compared to a study done among Polish students, where 34% viewed pornographic content once a week and 24% few times a week. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, watching pornographic content has not influenced the students' psychological behaviour and study pattern. Similar to our report, a study conducted on Croatian adolescents showed that viewing pornography displayed no significant harmful alteration in adolescent subjective well-being, depression or anxiety, and self-esteem. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e In a study done by Sandra Šević et al. among Croatian adolescents, watching porn content or sexually explicit material online has not affected their academic grades, study pattern, and well-being. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e In contrast to our report, Beyens et al. reported watching online pornographic content has a negative association with students' academic performance when compared between baseline and six months. \u003csup\u003e(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/sup\u003e Further, we did not observe a significant association between problematic smartphone use and exposure to pornographic content.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eNearly half of late adolescents have PSU, living with family being a protective factor for PSU. Friends and media remain among the leading sources for raising awareness about male pubertal changes. Pornographic content is accessed through smartphones.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImplications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo formulate structured awareness programs to be carried out by health professionals and educate parents about handling adolescent issues. To encourage adolescent health programs to create knowledge about risky behaviours and peer/community support groups. To include comprehensive sex education as part of the school curriculum. To educate young internet users on the safe and responsible use of the internet.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSalam RA, Das JK, Lassi ZS, Bhutta ZA. Adolescent Health and Well-Being: Background and Methodology for Review of Potential Interventions. J Adolesc Health. 2016 Oct;59(4 Suppl):S4\u0026ndash;10.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMawson E, Best D, Beckwith M, Dingle GA, Lubman DI. Social identity, social networks and recovery capital in emerging adulthood: A pilot study. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2015 Nov 11;10(1):45.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBalogh KN, Mayes LC, Potenza MN. Risk-taking and decision-making in youth: relationships to addiction vulnerability. 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J Early Adolesc. 2015;35(8):1045\u0026ndash;68.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe research received no specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePresentation\u003c/strong\u003e: Award-winning oral presentation in E-Adolescon, 20\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e National Conference of Adolescent Health Academy, Indian Academy of Pediatrics held on 07\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026amp; 08\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e November 2020.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePSU - Problematic Smartphone Use\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eIEC - Institutional Ethics Committee\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSAS-SV - Smartphone Addiction Scale \u0026ndash; short version\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eTable 1 Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:488.8pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(142, 170, 219);border-style: solid;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1.5pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(142, 170, 219) currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1.5pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003en (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(142, 170, 219) currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1.5pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003en (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.15pt;border-color: rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(142, 170, 219) currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1.5pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eDon\u0026apos;t know\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003en (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eDo you like wearing clothes of the opposite sex?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e04 (03.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e127 (94.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e03 (02.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eWould you like to be a member of the opposite sex?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e10 (07.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e117 (87.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e07 (05.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eDo you feel uncomfortable with your genitalia?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e14 (10.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e116 (86.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e04 (03.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eDo you feel romantic feeling toward the opposite sex is normal?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e123 (91.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e07 (05.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e04 (03.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eDo you have attraction/feelings towards another person of the opposite sex?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e123 (91.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e04 (03.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e07 (05.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eDo you have attraction/feelings towards another person of the same sex?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08 (06.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e119 (88.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e07 (05.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eDo you have attractions/feelings toward people of both sexes?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08 (06.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e114 (85.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e12 (09.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:8.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:107%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eTable 2 Effect of PSU on Gender Identity and sexual orientation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:488.8pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border: 1pt solid rgb(180, 198, 231);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-color: rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(142, 170, 219) currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1.5pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eProblematic Smartphone usage\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 85.15pt;border-color: rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eP-value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 39.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003en (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 39.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003en (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eLiking wearing clothes of the opposite sex\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e71 (54.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e59 (45.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 85.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 10.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 10.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e02 (50.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 10.05pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e02 (50.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eLiking to be a member of the opposite sex\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e69 (55.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e55 (44.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 85.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e0.511\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e04 (40.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e06 (60.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eFeeling uncomfortable with own genitalia\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e65 (54.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e55 (45.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 85.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 12.55pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 6.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 6.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08 (57.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 6.7pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e06 (42.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 10.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eFeeling that romantic feeling toward the opposite sex is normal\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 10.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 10.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08 (72.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 10.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e03 (27.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 85.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 10.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e0.344\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e65 (52.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e58 (47.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eHaving attraction/feeling towards another person of the opposite sex\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e06 (54.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e05 (45.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 85.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e67 (54.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e56 (45.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 20.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eHaving attraction/feeling towards another person of the same sex\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 20.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 20.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e67 (53.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 20.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e59 (46.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 85.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 20.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e0.290\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 18.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 18.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e06 (75.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 18.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e02 (25.0)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eHaving attractions/feelings toward people of both sexes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e66 (53.7)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e60 (46.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 85.15pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e0.071\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;07 (87.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 8.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e01 (12.5)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eTable 3: Association between smartphone usage and pornography\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width:467.55pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border: 1pt solid rgb(180, 198, 231);padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-color: rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(142, 170, 219) currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1.5pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eProblematic smartphone usage\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 63.9pt;border-color: rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt medium;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eP-value\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNo (n=66)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003en (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eYes (n=54)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003en (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eAt what age did you first watch a pornographic movie (PORN)? Mean (SD)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e14.43 (1.99)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e15.16 (2.16)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 63.9pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e0.056\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 7.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eHow frequently do you watch PORN?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 7.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 10.0pt;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026le;once a week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 7.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e29 (43.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 7.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e25 (46.3)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63.9pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 7.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e0.841\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 10.0pt;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026ge;once a day\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e07 (10.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 9.35pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e04 (07.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 10.0pt;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e2-3 times a week\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e23 (34.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 11.2pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e21 (38.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 7.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom: 10.0pt;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eonce a day\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 7.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:3.0pt;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:3.0pt;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7 (10.6)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 7.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e04 (07.4)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231);border-style: none solid solid;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt;border-image: none 100% / 1 / 0 stretch;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eDoes it affect academic performance?\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e60 (90.9)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e46 (85.2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 63.9pt;border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.85pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e0.331\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6 (9.1)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"border-color: currentcolor rgb(180, 198, 231) rgb(180, 198, 231) currentcolor;border-style: none solid solid none;border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:10.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8 (14.8)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp style='margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in;margin-left:0in;line-height:150%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:13px;line-height:150%;font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Adolescents, late adolescents, smartphone, sexuality, smartphone usage","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1800750/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1800750/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003ePurpose\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study aimed to understand the existing smartphone usage pattern among late adolescents and their association with the development of adolescent male sexuality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDemography:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical, dental, and allied health sciences male students of Asian origin, aged between 18 and 19 years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStudy Settings:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical university in Mangalore, an urban area in the South Indian State of Karnataka.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethodology:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis institution-based cross-sectional study. A pre-validated semi-structured questionnaire (Google form) was electronically mailed to all participants willing to participate in the study, and responses were collected after collecting the informed consent from each participant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAnalysis:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData analysis was done using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. The influence between smartphone usage and sexuality development was done using the Chi-square test and independent-sample t-test. A p-value of \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFindings:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eHalf of the late adolescents have PSU, living with family being a protective factor for PSU. Friends and media remain among the leading sources for raising awareness about male pubertal changes. Pornographic content is accessed through smartphones.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Influence of Smartphone Usage on Development of Sexuality Among Late Adolescent Boys in Health Sciences Colleges of South India","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-07-25 21:23:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1800750/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ca5076f2-02bc-4113-bcf9-d3b3d53a71db","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 25th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-07-25T21:23:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2022-07-25 21:23:48","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-1800750","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-1800750","identity":"rs-1800750","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}