Genetic Components Associated with R2 and R4 Powdery Mildew Resistance in Hop

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Abstract

Epidemics of powdery mildew disease in hop lead to cone spoilage, and in severe cases, crop abandonment. In order to prevent disease-associated yield losses, hops must be treated with an intensive fungicide management programme. However, the chemical toolbox available is shrinking and the horticultural industry is now increasing the uptake of sustainable biological disease control strategies, including varietal control which can offer an environmentally favourable, low chemical input strategy. We investigate the genetic components associated with powdery mildew resistance in 1) a hop population that segregates for R2 resistance and 2) a diversity panel containing individuals with differential resistance responses to the hop powdery mildew race-structure. Populations were both phenotyped and genotyped to enable Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping and Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) analysis, respectively. We identified the same location on the end of chromosome 6 associated with R2 resistance in both populations. Whilst additional resistance alleles were identified, associated with R4 resistance. Notably, the focal SNPs on chromosome 6 fall on either side of a cluster of three RPM1 disease resistance genes, which form prime candidates for downstream analysis. RPM1 mediates a sensitive and effective disease response through localised cell death, a response reminiscent of the R2 phenotype. These results provide novel markers for use in both UK and international hop breeding programmes. In doing so, we facilitate the pyramiding of disease resistance genes against multiple races of powdery mildew and reduce reliance upon chemical applications through providing a varietal control solution for this major hop pathogen.
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Genetic Components Associated with R2 and R4 Powdery Mildew Resistance in Hop | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 4 August 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Genetic Components Associated with R2 and R4 Powdery Mildew Resistance in Hop Authors : Klara Hajdu , John Connell , Peter Darby , Michael Baldock , Andrew Armitage , Alastair Ainslie , Sarah Blackburn , Carol Wagstaff 0000-0001-9400-8641 , and Helen Cockerton 0000-0002-7375-1804 [email protected] Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175433634.40787769/v1 Published The Plant Genome Version of record Peer review timeline 180 views 136 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Epidemics of powdery mildew disease in hop lead to cone spoilage, and in severe cases, crop abandonment. In order to prevent disease-associated yield losses, hops must be treated with an intensive fungicide management programme. However, the chemical toolbox available is shrinking and the horticultural industry is now increasing the uptake of sustainable biological disease control strategies, including varietal control which can offer an environmentally favourable, low chemical input strategy. We investigate the genetic components associated with powdery mildew resistance in 1) a hop population that segregates for R2 resistance and 2) a diversity panel containing individuals with differential resistance responses to the hop powdery mildew race-structure. Populations were both phenotyped and genotyped to enable Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping and Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) analysis, respectively. We identified the same location on the end of chromosome 6 associated with R2 resistance in both populations. Whilst additional resistance alleles were identified, associated with R4 resistance. Notably, the focal SNPs on chromosome 6 fall on either side of a cluster of three RPM1 disease resistance genes, which form prime candidates for downstream analysis. RPM1 mediates a sensitive and effective disease response through localised cell death, a response reminiscent of the R2 phenotype. These results provide novel markers for use in both UK and international hop breeding programmes. In doing so, we facilitate the pyramiding of disease resistance genes against multiple races of powdery mildew and reduce reliance upon chemical applications through providing a varietal control solution for this major hop pathogen. Supplementary Material File (tpg-2025-07-0184-file001.docx) Download 6.05 MB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 04 August 2025 Peer review timeline Published The Plant Genome Version of Record 11 Feb 2026 Published Copyright This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Keywords agricultural disease resistance gwas podosphaera macularis race-specific resistance rpm1 Authors Affiliations Klara Hajdu Wye Hops Ltd. View all articles by this author John Connell National Institute of Agricultural Botany View all articles by this author Peter Darby Wye Hops Ltd. View all articles by this author Michael Baldock Wye Hops Ltd. View all articles by this author Andrew Armitage University of Greenwich Natural Resources Institute View all articles by this author Alastair Ainslie University of Kent View all articles by this author Sarah Blackburn University of Kent View all articles by this author Carol Wagstaff 0000-0001-9400-8641 University of Reading View all articles by this author Helen Cockerton 0000-0002-7375-1804 [email protected] University of Kent View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 180 views 136 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Klara Hajdu, John Connell, Peter Darby, et al. Genetic Components Associated with R2 and R4 Powdery Mildew Resistance in Hop. Authorea . 04 August 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175433634.40787769/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. 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